ICS 13.220.20
CCS C 81
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 47497-2026
Vehicle fire detection alarm
车用火灾探测报警器
(English Translation)
Issue date: 2026-04-30 Implementation date: 2027-05-01
Issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions for vehicle fire detection alarm (hereinafter referred to as “detection alarm”), specifies their classification, requirements, inspection rules and marking, and describes the corresponding test method.
This document applies to the design, manufacture and inspection of detection alarm for installation and use in gas⁃powered vehicles and electric vehicles (excluding electric buses).
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5907.5 Fire protection vocabulary - Part 5: Fire products
GB/T 9969 General principles for preparation of instructions for use of industrial products
GB 12978 Rules for test of fire electronic products
GB/T 16838 Environmental test and severities for fire electronic products
GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
GB/T 17626.3 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Part 3:Radiated,radio-frequency,electromagnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.4 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient / burst immunity test
GB/T 17626.5 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test
GB/T 17626.6 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
GB/T 18655-2025 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers
GB/T 21437.2-2021 Road vehicles - Test method of electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 2:Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only
GB/T 21437.3-2021 Road vehicles - Test method of electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines
GB/T 28046.2-2019 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 2: Electrical loads
GB/T 28046.3-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 3: Mechanical loads
GB/T 28046.4-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 4: Climatic loads
GB/T 33014.2-2016 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 2: Absorber-lined shielded enclosure
GB/T 33014.4-2016 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)
GB/T 33014.8-2020 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 8: Immunity to magnetic fields
GB/T 33014.9-2020 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 9 : Portable transmitters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions established in GB/T 5907.5 and the following ones apply.
3.1
gas⁃powered vehicle fire detection alarm
fire detection alarm installed in a gas⁃powered vehicle that uses gas sensors to monitor gas leakage inside the gas⁃powered vehicle and can release fire alarm signals
3.2
electric vehicle fire detection alarm
fire detection alarm installed in a lithium-ion battery box of an electric vehicle, independent of the battery management system (BMS), which uses various sensors to monitor characteristics such as gas, smoke, temperature, and pressure indicative of early thermal runaway fire occurring in battery cells, battery modules, or the battery pack, and releases early thermal runaway fire alarm signals
4 Classification
Vehicle fire detection alarms are classified by applicable vehicle type as:
a) Fire detection alarm for gas⁃powered vehicles;
b) Fire detection alarm for electric vehicles.
5 Requirements
5.1 General requirements
The detection alarm shall meet the requirements of this clause and be tested according to Clause 6 to confirm the compliance with this clause.
5.2 Appearance
The surface of the detection alarm shall be free from corrosion, coating peeling and blistering, free from obvious scratches, cracks, burrs and other mechanical damage, and the fastened parts shall be free from loosening.
5.3 Performance of main components (parts)
5.3.1 Power supply
5.3.1.1 The detection alarm shall use a DC voltage of 48 V or less as the main power supply.
5.3.1.2 A detection alarm equipped with a standby power supply shall have a main/standby power supply switching function. When the main power supply is supplying power, the standby power supply of the detection alarm shall be charged; when the main power supply stops supplying power, the detection alarm shall be powered by the standby power supply.
5.3.1.3 The detection alarm shall be provided with an overcurrent protection device.
5.3.2 Indicator lights
The detection alarm shall be provided with independent power indicator lights and operating status indicator lights, and the indicator lights shall have Chinese functional annotations. The power indicator lights are used to indicate the status of the main and standby power supplies. The operating status indicator lights are used to indicate the normal monitoring status and the alarm status; the indicator lights shall be green in the normal monitoring status and red in the alarm status.
Note: Normal monitoring status refers to the state in which the detection alarm is powered on, operating normally, and has not release an alarm signal.
5.3.3 Communication interface
The detection alarm shall have at least a CAN communication interface and be capable of uploading the operating status information, fire alarm information, and control output information of the detection alarm to the on‑board control system, to be displayed independently by the vehicle instrument panel or other display device.
5.3.4 Connector
The connector of the detection alarm shall have reverse connection protection.
5.4 Functional requirements
5.4.1 Fire alarm function
When the monitored area parameters of the detection alarm meet the alarm condition, the detection alarm device shall release a fire alarm signal and keep it until manual reset. Within 60 s after returning the detection alarm to normal environmental conditions, it shall be able to automatically or by manual reset return to the normal monitoring status.
5.4.2 Alarm transmission and query function
5.4.2.1 When the monitored area parameters of the detection alarm meet the alarm conditions, the fire event and sensor alarm category information shall be transmitted to the vehicle instrument panel or other display device for display within 5 s.
5.4.2.2 For detection alarm with adjustable alarm set values, special tools shall be used for setting. The alarm set value shall be queryable through the vehicle instrument panel or other display device.
5.4.3 Control output function
The detection alarm shall have at least one control output interface. The type and capacity of the interface shall match the connected product or actuator specified in the product technical documentation, and shall be stated in the instruction manual. The detection alarm shall activate the control output in the fire alarm state. If the control output interface of the detection alarm has a delay function, the maximum delay time shall not exceed 30 s.
5.4.4 Information storage function
The detection alarm shall be capable of storing no less than 1000 entries of information such as power‑on, power‑off and fire alarm, and the fire alarm information shall contain the alarm event and sensor alarm category.
5.5 Detection alarm requirements
5.5.1 The alarm performance of fire detection alarm for gas-powered vehicles shall meet the following requirements:
a) When two alarm set values (low and high) are provided, the low alarm set value shall be in the range of 5 %LEL to 25 %LEL, and the high alarm set value shall be 50 %LEL; for a detection and alarm device with only one alarm set value, the set value shall be in the range of 5 %LEL to 25 %LEL, the upper limit of the measuring range of the device shall be not less than twice the set value and not less than 15 %LEL, and the alarm action value shall not be lower than 5 %LEL.
b) For a detection alarm with carbon monoxide detection function, the alarm set value shall be in the range of 150×10-6 (volume fraction) to 300×10-6 (volume fraction), and the alarm action value shall not be lower than 50×10-6 (volume fraction).
c) The absolute difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of the detection alarm device shall not be greater than 3 %LEL; for a detection alarm with carbon monoxide detection function, the absolute difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value shall not be greater than 60×10-6 (volume fraction).
Contents
Foreword V
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification
5 Requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Appearance
5.3 Performance of main components (parts)
5.4 Functional requirements
5.5 Detection alarm requirements
5.6 Response time of gas alarm
5.7 Orientation
5.8 Alarm performance of battery thermal runaway
5.9 Smoke detection performance
5.10 Temperature detection performance
5.11 Pressure detection performance
5.12 Electrolyte fire sensitivity
5.13 Anti‑poisoning performance
5.14 Power supply function
5.15 Long‑term stability
5.16 Electromagnetic compatibility performance
5.17 Climatic environment tolerance
5.18 Mechanical environment tolerance
6 Test
6.1 General
6.2 Appearance and inspection of main components (parts)
6.3 Fire alarm function test
6.4 Alarm transmission and query function test
6.5 Control output function test
6.6 Information storage function test
6.7 Gas alarm action value test
6.8 Gas alarm response time test
6.9 Orientation test
6.10 Battery thermal runaway alarm performance test
6.11 Hydrogen detection performance test
6.12 Carbon monoxide detection performance test
6.13 Carbon dioxide detection performance test
6.14 Smoke response repeatability test
6.15 Smoke response consistency test
6.16 Temperature alarm action value test
6.17 Temperature alarm response time test
6.18 High temperature response performance test
6.19 Pressure detection performance test
6.20 Electrolyte fire sensitivity test
6.21 Anti‑poisoning performance test
6.22 Power supply function test
6.23 Long‑term stability test
6.24 RF electromagnetic field radiated immunity test
6.25 RF field‑induced conducted disturbance immunity test
6.26 Electrostatic discharge immunity test
6.27 Electrical fast transient burst immunity test
6.28 Surge (shock) immunity test
6.29 High temperature (operation) test
6.30 Low temperature (operation) test
6.31 Constant damp heat (operation) test
6.32 Shock (operation) test
6.33 Vibration (sinusoidal) (durability) test
7 Inspection rules
7.1 Product ex‑factory inspection
7.2 Type inspection
8 Marking and packaging
8.1 Product marking
8.2 Quality inspection marking
8.3 Packaging
Annex A (Normative) Battery thermal runaway alarm test
A.1 Test conditions
A.2 Optical method for measuring alarm action value
A.3 Test procedure
A.4 Test equipment
A.5 Requirements and test judgment
Annex B (Normative) Test conditions for smoke alarm action value
B.1 Standard smoke chamber
B.2 Test smoke
Annex C (Normative) Electrolyte fire sensitivity test
C.1 Test conditions
C.2 Test criteria
Annex D (Normative) Gas detection performance test apparatus
D.1 Test equipment
D.2 Technical parameters
D.3 Test method for anti‑poisoning performance using liquid reagents
Annex E (Normative) Temperature detection performance test apparatus
Annex F (Normative) Pressure detection performance test apparatus
Annex G (Normative) Test protocol for on‑vehicle electronic product
G.1 General
G.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test for on‑vehicle electronic products
G.3 Electrical performance test for on‑vehicle electronic product
G.4 Mechanical performance test for on‑vehicle electronic products
G.5 Environmental performance test for on‑vehicle electronic products
ICS 13.220.20
CCS C 81
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 47497-2026
Vehicle fire detection alarm
车用火灾探测报警器
(English Translation)
Issue date: 2026-04-30 Implementation date: 2027-05-01
Issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions for vehicle fire detection alarm (hereinafter referred to as “detection alarm”), specifies their classification, requirements, inspection rules and marking, and describes the corresponding test method.
This document applies to the design, manufacture and inspection of detection alarm for installation and use in gas⁃powered vehicles and electric vehicles (excluding electric buses).
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5907.5 Fire protection vocabulary - Part 5: Fire products
GB/T 9969 General principles for preparation of instructions for use of industrial products
GB 12978 Rules for test of fire electronic products
GB/T 16838 Environmental test and severities for fire electronic products
GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
GB/T 17626.3 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Part 3:Radiated,radio-frequency,electromagnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.4 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient / burst immunity test
GB/T 17626.5 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test
GB/T 17626.6 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
GB/T 18655-2025 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers
GB/T 21437.2-2021 Road vehicles - Test method of electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 2:Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only
GB/T 21437.3-2021 Road vehicles - Test method of electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines
GB/T 28046.2-2019 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 2: Electrical loads
GB/T 28046.3-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 3: Mechanical loads
GB/T 28046.4-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 4: Climatic loads
GB/T 33014.2-2016 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 2: Absorber-lined shielded enclosure
GB/T 33014.4-2016 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)
GB/T 33014.8-2020 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 8: Immunity to magnetic fields
GB/T 33014.9-2020 Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 9 : Portable transmitters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions established in GB/T 5907.5 and the following ones apply.
3.1
gas⁃powered vehicle fire detection alarm
fire detection alarm installed in a gas⁃powered vehicle that uses gas sensors to monitor gas leakage inside the gas⁃powered vehicle and can release fire alarm signals
3.2
electric vehicle fire detection alarm
fire detection alarm installed in a lithium-ion battery box of an electric vehicle, independent of the battery management system (BMS), which uses various sensors to monitor characteristics such as gas, smoke, temperature, and pressure indicative of early thermal runaway fire occurring in battery cells, battery modules, or the battery pack, and releases early thermal runaway fire alarm signals
4 Classification
Vehicle fire detection alarms are classified by applicable vehicle type as:
a) Fire detection alarm for gas⁃powered vehicles;
b) Fire detection alarm for electric vehicles.
5 Requirements
5.1 General requirements
The detection alarm shall meet the requirements of this clause and be tested according to Clause 6 to confirm the compliance with this clause.
5.2 Appearance
The surface of the detection alarm shall be free from corrosion, coating peeling and blistering, free from obvious scratches, cracks, burrs and other mechanical damage, and the fastened parts shall be free from loosening.
5.3 Performance of main components (parts)
5.3.1 Power supply
5.3.1.1 The detection alarm shall use a DC voltage of 48 V or less as the main power supply.
5.3.1.2 A detection alarm equipped with a standby power supply shall have a main/standby power supply switching function. When the main power supply is supplying power, the standby power supply of the detection alarm shall be charged; when the main power supply stops supplying power, the detection alarm shall be powered by the standby power supply.
5.3.1.3 The detection alarm shall be provided with an overcurrent protection device.
5.3.2 Indicator lights
The detection alarm shall be provided with independent power indicator lights and operating status indicator lights, and the indicator lights shall have Chinese functional annotations. The power indicator lights are used to indicate the status of the main and standby power supplies. The operating status indicator lights are used to indicate the normal monitoring status and the alarm status; the indicator lights shall be green in the normal monitoring status and red in the alarm status.
Note: Normal monitoring status refers to the state in which the detection alarm is powered on, operating normally, and has not release an alarm signal.
5.3.3 Communication interface
The detection alarm shall have at least a CAN communication interface and be capable of uploading the operating status information, fire alarm information, and control output information of the detection alarm to the on‑board control system, to be displayed independently by the vehicle instrument panel or other display device.
5.3.4 Connector
The connector of the detection alarm shall have reverse connection protection.
5.4 Functional requirements
5.4.1 Fire alarm function
When the monitored area parameters of the detection alarm meet the alarm condition, the detection alarm device shall release a fire alarm signal and keep it until manual reset. Within 60 s after returning the detection alarm to normal environmental conditions, it shall be able to automatically or by manual reset return to the normal monitoring status.
5.4.2 Alarm transmission and query function
5.4.2.1 When the monitored area parameters of the detection alarm meet the alarm conditions, the fire event and sensor alarm category information shall be transmitted to the vehicle instrument panel or other display device for display within 5 s.
5.4.2.2 For detection alarm with adjustable alarm set values, special tools shall be used for setting. The alarm set value shall be queryable through the vehicle instrument panel or other display device.
5.4.3 Control output function
The detection alarm shall have at least one control output interface. The type and capacity of the interface shall match the connected product or actuator specified in the product technical documentation, and shall be stated in the instruction manual. The detection alarm shall activate the control output in the fire alarm state. If the control output interface of the detection alarm has a delay function, the maximum delay time shall not exceed 30 s.
5.4.4 Information storage function
The detection alarm shall be capable of storing no less than 1000 entries of information such as power‑on, power‑off and fire alarm, and the fire alarm information shall contain the alarm event and sensor alarm category.
5.5 Detection alarm requirements
5.5.1 The alarm performance of fire detection alarm for gas-powered vehicles shall meet the following requirements:
a) When two alarm set values (low and high) are provided, the low alarm set value shall be in the range of 5 %LEL to 25 %LEL, and the high alarm set value shall be 50 %LEL; for a detection and alarm device with only one alarm set value, the set value shall be in the range of 5 %LEL to 25 %LEL, the upper limit of the measuring range of the device shall be not less than twice the set value and not less than 15 %LEL, and the alarm action value shall not be lower than 5 %LEL.
b) For a detection alarm with carbon monoxide detection function, the alarm set value shall be in the range of 150×10-6 (volume fraction) to 300×10-6 (volume fraction), and the alarm action value shall not be lower than 50×10-6 (volume fraction).
c) The absolute difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of the detection alarm device shall not be greater than 3 %LEL; for a detection alarm with carbon monoxide detection function, the absolute difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value shall not be greater than 60×10-6 (volume fraction).
Contents of GB 47497-2026
Contents
Foreword V
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification
5 Requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Appearance
5.3 Performance of main components (parts)
5.4 Functional requirements
5.5 Detection alarm requirements
5.6 Response time of gas alarm
5.7 Orientation
5.8 Alarm performance of battery thermal runaway
5.9 Smoke detection performance
5.10 Temperature detection performance
5.11 Pressure detection performance
5.12 Electrolyte fire sensitivity
5.13 Anti‑poisoning performance
5.14 Power supply function
5.15 Long‑term stability
5.16 Electromagnetic compatibility performance
5.17 Climatic environment tolerance
5.18 Mechanical environment tolerance
6 Test
6.1 General
6.2 Appearance and inspection of main components (parts)
6.3 Fire alarm function test
6.4 Alarm transmission and query function test
6.5 Control output function test
6.6 Information storage function test
6.7 Gas alarm action value test
6.8 Gas alarm response time test
6.9 Orientation test
6.10 Battery thermal runaway alarm performance test
6.11 Hydrogen detection performance test
6.12 Carbon monoxide detection performance test
6.13 Carbon dioxide detection performance test
6.14 Smoke response repeatability test
6.15 Smoke response consistency test
6.16 Temperature alarm action value test
6.17 Temperature alarm response time test
6.18 High temperature response performance test
6.19 Pressure detection performance test
6.20 Electrolyte fire sensitivity test
6.21 Anti‑poisoning performance test
6.22 Power supply function test
6.23 Long‑term stability test
6.24 RF electromagnetic field radiated immunity test
6.25 RF field‑induced conducted disturbance immunity test
6.26 Electrostatic discharge immunity test
6.27 Electrical fast transient burst immunity test
6.28 Surge (shock) immunity test
6.29 High temperature (operation) test
6.30 Low temperature (operation) test
6.31 Constant damp heat (operation) test
6.32 Shock (operation) test
6.33 Vibration (sinusoidal) (durability) test
7 Inspection rules
7.1 Product ex‑factory inspection
7.2 Type inspection
8 Marking and packaging
8.1 Product marking
8.2 Quality inspection marking
8.3 Packaging
Annex A (Normative) Battery thermal runaway alarm test
A.1 Test conditions
A.2 Optical method for measuring alarm action value
A.3 Test procedure
A.4 Test equipment
A.5 Requirements and test judgment
Annex B (Normative) Test conditions for smoke alarm action value
B.1 Standard smoke chamber
B.2 Test smoke
Annex C (Normative) Electrolyte fire sensitivity test
C.1 Test conditions
C.2 Test criteria
Annex D (Normative) Gas detection performance test apparatus
D.1 Test equipment
D.2 Technical parameters
D.3 Test method for anti‑poisoning performance using liquid reagents
Annex E (Normative) Temperature detection performance test apparatus
Annex F (Normative) Pressure detection performance test apparatus
Annex G (Normative) Test protocol for on‑vehicle electronic product
G.1 General
G.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test for on‑vehicle electronic products
G.3 Electrical performance test for on‑vehicle electronic product
G.4 Mechanical performance test for on‑vehicle electronic products
G.5 Environmental performance test for on‑vehicle electronic products
