GB/T 10183 Cranes—Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks consists of the following two parts:
——Part 1: General;
——Part 4: Jib Cranes.
This is Part 1 of GB/T 10183.
This standard was developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 10183.1-2010 Cranes—Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks—Part 4: Jib Cranes. The following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 10183.1-2010:
——The definitions of track tolerances bs and ch are modified, and the testing length range is defined.
——The definition of wheel diameter tolerance △D is revised.
——The inclination of the hole and wheel, φk and φr are standardized according to ISO 12488-11.
——The tolerance Fmax of parallelism of end stops or buffers is standardized according to ISO 12488-11.
——The graphs, definitions and tolerances in Tables 2-7 are corrected.
This standard is identical to ISO 12488-1:2012 Cranes — Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks — Part 1: General by translation.
The Chinese documents consistent and corresponding with the normative international documents in this part are as follows:
——GB/T 1182-2008 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out (ISO 1101: 12004, IDT);
——GB/T 1800.2-2009 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts (ISO 286-2:1988, MOD);
——GB/T 6974.1-2008 Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General (ISO 4306-1: 2007, IDT).
For the convenience of use, some editorial changes are made in this part:
——Some tolerance symbols in ISO 12488-1:2012 are adjusted editorially. Besides, the inconsistency between tolerance symbols and corresponding graphs are revised.
——The tolerances of F in Table 2 (continued) are changed from 0.8S and 1.0S to ±0.8S and ±1.0S respectively.
——The tolerance of F for Class 3 in Table 5 (continued) is changed from ±12.6 to ±12.5.
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Hoisting Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 227).
Introduction
This part of GB/T 10183 establishes requirements and gives guidance and design rules that reflect the present state of the art in the field of crane machine design. The rules given represent good design practice that ensures fulfilment of essential safety requirements and adequate service life of components. Deviation from these rules normally leads to increased risks or reduction of service life, but it is acknowledged that new technical innovations, materials etc. may provide new solutions that result in equal or improved safety and durability.
Cranes—Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks—
Part 1: General
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 10183 specifies tolerances for construction assemblies and operational conditions of cranes and associated crane tracks as defined in ISO 4306-1. The purpose of the requirements in this part is to promote safe operation and achievement of the expected life of components by the elimination of excessive load effects due to deviations or misalignments from the normal dimensions of the structure.
Tolerances given are extreme values. The elastic deformations due to load effects are outside the scope of this part. These will need to be taken into account at the design stage using other criteria to achieve the intended operation and performance.
Specific values for particular crane types are given in other parts of GB/T 10183.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 286-2 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Limits and fits — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts
ISO 1101 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out]
ISO 4306-1 Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
construction tolerance
amount by which a specific dimension is permitted to vary, resulting from the assembly of the complete crane and its tracks, in new, modified, rebuilt or repaired buildings, before operational use
Note 1: This applies to new build or repaired or modified cranes and tracks.
Note 2: The amount is given either by the absolute value of the difference between the limits of size, or by the allowable geometric variation.
3.2
operational tolerance
amount by which a specific dimension is permitted to vary, resulting from the use of the crane and its tracks
Note: The amount is given either by the absolute value of the difference between the limits of size, or by the allowable geometric variation.
4 Symbols
The symbols below are applicable to this document.
A——Tolerance of the span, related to the rail centre of travelling or traversing tracks, at each point of the track or to the wheel centre of crabs or cranes
B——Tolerance of the horizontal straightness, in ground plan, at each point of the travelling track
b——Tolerance of horizontal straightness related to a test length of 2 m in ground plan, (sample value) at each point of the rail head
C——Tolerance of straightness related to the height of the crane rail centre at each point of the travelling track
c——Tolerance of straightness related to a test length of 2 m (sample value) at each point of height of the crane rail
a——Centre-to-centre distance between the horizontal guide rollers, in longitudinal direction of rail
e——Centre-to-centre distance between two wheels or bogeys, in longitudinal direction of rail
hF——Distance between the top edge of a rail and the bottom edge of horizontal guide rollers
S——Span from centre to centre of the rail
‰——Angle of inclination expressed as vertical points per horizontal thousand
D——Wheel diameter
Dt——Wheel diameter tolerance
E——Height tolerance related to opposite measuring points at right angles to each point of the track
F——Parallelism tolerance of end stops or buffers
G——Angularity tolerance related to rail cross-section with plane surface
HF——Vertical offset of a welded connection
HS——Horizontal offset of a rail head
HX——Flatness after grinding the trued-up area of HS
K——Parallelism tolerance of a rail with reference to the web
△D——Diameter tolerance for coupled and independently driven crane/cab wheels
△e——Tolerance of the wheel base in ground plan
△F——Alignment tolerance of guide rollers in ground plan
△hF——Distance between the top edge of a rail and the bottom edge of horizontal guide rollers
△hr——Height tolerance of the points of wheel contact （planeness of wheel contact)
△N——Tolerance of parallel offset of the wheels in ground plan
αF——Axle tolerance of parallelism of guide rollers across the track
βF——Axle tolerance of parallelism of guide rollers along the track
φk——Axle tolerance of parallelism in a ground plan of the hole
φr——Axle tolerance of parallelism in a ground plan of the wheel
τk——Axle tolerance parallelism in elevation of the hole (axle camber)
τr——Axle tolerance of parallelism in elevation of the wheel (wheel camber)
bs——Tolerance of straightness related to a test length of 1 m adjacent to a welded rail joint
ch——Tolerance of straightness related to a test length of 2 m adjacent to a welded rail joint
These symbols and their meanings are applicable to all parts of GB/T 10183.
Where symbols for construction tolerances are also applicable to operational tolerances (e.g. in operator instructions), the suffix w is used (e.g. Aw, Bw, Cw, Ew).
Where necessary, an additional suffix may be added, for example,
Aw1: operational tolerance for travelling tracks,
Aw2: operational tolerances for traversing tracks,
Aw3: operational tolerances for cranes,
Aw4: operational tolerances for crabs.
5 Classification of tolerances
The main criterion for determining the class of tolerance is the total amount of travel throughout the life of the crane; however, system sensitivity shall be considered along with the class of tolerance as given in other parts of GB/T 10183.
Note: In the context of this part of GB/T 10183, system sensitivity is considered to be the amount of reaction of the system in terms of load effect resulting from the tolerance considered as unintentional displacement (see ISO 8686-1:1989, 6.1.5). In the case of highly sensitive systems, it could be appropriate to select a higher tolerance class than that shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Tolerance classes
Tolerance class Limits of travelling and traversing distance
km
1 50 000≤L
2 10 000≤L<50 000
3 L<10 000, for stationary erected tracks
4 Temporarily erected tracks for building and erection purposes
Note: L is calculated as the product of the normal travel speed and the specified working time of the relevant travel/traverse mechanism, either by application of customer specified values or through reference to the classification of the mechanism (see ISO 4301-1).
6 Tolerances
6.1 General
The tolerances for the various classes and parameters shall be as given in Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
6.2 Thermal effects
The tolerances given in Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 shall be used for an ambient temperature of 20°C. Where the average ambient temperature for the operational position of the crane differs from 20°C, the tolerances shall be adjusted accordingly.
6.3 Application of vertical out-of-plane tolerance
The tolerance △hr given in Tables 4 and 5 for the vertical out-of-plane displacement of a corner of rail wheel of a crane or crane crab, and the corresponding tolerances for tracks given in Tables 2 and 3 are valid for rigid structures travelling or traversing on the rails, i.e. for box beam structures of main girders, crabs or portals. For frames built from open sections, the tolerances used may be one or two classes lower.
6.4 Construction tolerances
6.4.1 General
The measurements shall be taken in the unloaded condition with the crane and its associated tracks supported in the manner in which they will be operated. Tables 2 to 6 show the appropriate tolerances.
If technical documentation requires a means for differentiation of the tolerances, a suffix shall be added to the tolerance symbol, corresponding to the relevant table in this part.
Example: A2 is the construction tolerances for travelling tracks as per Table 2.
6.4.2 Rail joints
Construction tolerances shall be in accordance with Table 6.
6.5 Operational tolerances
The operational tolerances given in Table 7 shall be measured with the crane in the unloaded condition.
Note: Tolerances in excess of those shown in Table 7 can result in unacceptable ride characteristics and additional stresses, leading to increased wear on rails, wheels, guide rollers etc., and possible damage to the supporting structure. If any measurements are beyond the tolerances in Table 7, then investigations shall be undertaken by a competent engineer and the appropriate action taken.
Foreword I
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Classification of tolerances
6 Tolerances
Bibliography
GB/T 10183 Cranes—Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks consists of the following two parts:
——Part 1: General;
——Part 4: Jib Cranes.
This is Part 1 of GB/T 10183.
This standard was developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 10183.1-2010 Cranes—Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks—Part 4: Jib Cranes. The following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 10183.1-2010:
——The definitions of track tolerances bs and ch are modified, and the testing length range is defined.
——The definition of wheel diameter tolerance △D is revised.
——The inclination of the hole and wheel, φk and φr are standardized according to ISO 12488-11.
——The tolerance Fmax of parallelism of end stops or buffers is standardized according to ISO 12488-11.
——The graphs, definitions and tolerances in Tables 2-7 are corrected.
This standard is identical to ISO 12488-1:2012 Cranes — Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks — Part 1: General by translation.
The Chinese documents consistent and corresponding with the normative international documents in this part are as follows:
——GB/T 1182-2008 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out (ISO 1101: 12004, IDT);
——GB/T 1800.2-2009 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts (ISO 286-2:1988, MOD);
——GB/T 6974.1-2008 Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General (ISO 4306-1: 2007, IDT).
For the convenience of use, some editorial changes are made in this part:
——Some tolerance symbols in ISO 12488-1:2012 are adjusted editorially. Besides, the inconsistency between tolerance symbols and corresponding graphs are revised.
——The tolerances of F in Table 2 (continued) are changed from 0.8S and 1.0S to ±0.8S and ±1.0S respectively.
——The tolerance of F for Class 3 in Table 5 (continued) is changed from ±12.6 to ±12.5.
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Hoisting Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 227).
Introduction
This part of GB/T 10183 establishes requirements and gives guidance and design rules that reflect the present state of the art in the field of crane machine design. The rules given represent good design practice that ensures fulfilment of essential safety requirements and adequate service life of components. Deviation from these rules normally leads to increased risks or reduction of service life, but it is acknowledged that new technical innovations, materials etc. may provide new solutions that result in equal or improved safety and durability.
Cranes—Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks—
Part 1: General
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 10183 specifies tolerances for construction assemblies and operational conditions of cranes and associated crane tracks as defined in ISO 4306-1. The purpose of the requirements in this part is to promote safe operation and achievement of the expected life of components by the elimination of excessive load effects due to deviations or misalignments from the normal dimensions of the structure.
Tolerances given are extreme values. The elastic deformations due to load effects are outside the scope of this part. These will need to be taken into account at the design stage using other criteria to achieve the intended operation and performance.
Specific values for particular crane types are given in other parts of GB/T 10183.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 286-2 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Limits and fits — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts
ISO 1101 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out]
ISO 4306-1 Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
construction tolerance
amount by which a specific dimension is permitted to vary, resulting from the assembly of the complete crane and its tracks, in new, modified, rebuilt or repaired buildings, before operational use
Note 1: This applies to new build or repaired or modified cranes and tracks.
Note 2: The amount is given either by the absolute value of the difference between the limits of size, or by the allowable geometric variation.
3.2
operational tolerance
amount by which a specific dimension is permitted to vary, resulting from the use of the crane and its tracks
Note: The amount is given either by the absolute value of the difference between the limits of size, or by the allowable geometric variation.
4 Symbols
The symbols below are applicable to this document.
A——Tolerance of the span, related to the rail centre of travelling or traversing tracks, at each point of the track or to the wheel centre of crabs or cranes
B——Tolerance of the horizontal straightness, in ground plan, at each point of the travelling track
b——Tolerance of horizontal straightness related to a test length of 2 m in ground plan, (sample value) at each point of the rail head
C——Tolerance of straightness related to the height of the crane rail centre at each point of the travelling track
c——Tolerance of straightness related to a test length of 2 m (sample value) at each point of height of the crane rail
a——Centre-to-centre distance between the horizontal guide rollers, in longitudinal direction of rail
e——Centre-to-centre distance between two wheels or bogeys, in longitudinal direction of rail
hF——Distance between the top edge of a rail and the bottom edge of horizontal guide rollers
S——Span from centre to centre of the rail
‰——Angle of inclination expressed as vertical points per horizontal thousand
D——Wheel diameter
Dt——Wheel diameter tolerance
E——Height tolerance related to opposite measuring points at right angles to each point of the track
F——Parallelism tolerance of end stops or buffers
G——Angularity tolerance related to rail cross-section with plane surface
HF——Vertical offset of a welded connection
HS——Horizontal offset of a rail head
HX——Flatness after grinding the trued-up area of HS
K——Parallelism tolerance of a rail with reference to the web
△D——Diameter tolerance for coupled and independently driven crane/cab wheels
△e——Tolerance of the wheel base in ground plan
△F——Alignment tolerance of guide rollers in ground plan
△hF——Distance between the top edge of a rail and the bottom edge of horizontal guide rollers
△hr——Height tolerance of the points of wheel contact （planeness of wheel contact)
△N——Tolerance of parallel offset of the wheels in ground plan
αF——Axle tolerance of parallelism of guide rollers across the track
βF——Axle tolerance of parallelism of guide rollers along the track
φk——Axle tolerance of parallelism in a ground plan of the hole
φr——Axle tolerance of parallelism in a ground plan of the wheel
τk——Axle tolerance parallelism in elevation of the hole (axle camber)
τr——Axle tolerance of parallelism in elevation of the wheel (wheel camber)
bs——Tolerance of straightness related to a test length of 1 m adjacent to a welded rail joint
ch——Tolerance of straightness related to a test length of 2 m adjacent to a welded rail joint
These symbols and their meanings are applicable to all parts of GB/T 10183.
Where symbols for construction tolerances are also applicable to operational tolerances (e.g. in operator instructions), the suffix w is used (e.g. Aw, Bw, Cw, Ew).
Where necessary, an additional suffix may be added, for example,
Aw1: operational tolerance for travelling tracks,
Aw2: operational tolerances for traversing tracks,
Aw3: operational tolerances for cranes,
Aw4: operational tolerances for crabs.
5 Classification of tolerances
The main criterion for determining the class of tolerance is the total amount of travel throughout the life of the crane; however, system sensitivity shall be considered along with the class of tolerance as given in other parts of GB/T 10183.
Note: In the context of this part of GB/T 10183, system sensitivity is considered to be the amount of reaction of the system in terms of load effect resulting from the tolerance considered as unintentional displacement (see ISO 8686-1:1989, 6.1.5). In the case of highly sensitive systems, it could be appropriate to select a higher tolerance class than that shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Tolerance classes
Tolerance class Limits of travelling and traversing distance
km
1 50 000≤L
2 10 000≤L<50 000
3 L<10 000, for stationary erected tracks
4 Temporarily erected tracks for building and erection purposes
Note: L is calculated as the product of the normal travel speed and the specified working time of the relevant travel/traverse mechanism, either by application of customer specified values or through reference to the classification of the mechanism (see ISO 4301-1).
6 Tolerances
6.1 General
The tolerances for the various classes and parameters shall be as given in Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
6.2 Thermal effects
The tolerances given in Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 shall be used for an ambient temperature of 20°C. Where the average ambient temperature for the operational position of the crane differs from 20°C, the tolerances shall be adjusted accordingly.
6.3 Application of vertical out-of-plane tolerance
The tolerance △hr given in Tables 4 and 5 for the vertical out-of-plane displacement of a corner of rail wheel of a crane or crane crab, and the corresponding tolerances for tracks given in Tables 2 and 3 are valid for rigid structures travelling or traversing on the rails, i.e. for box beam structures of main girders, crabs or portals. For frames built from open sections, the tolerances used may be one or two classes lower.
6.4 Construction tolerances
6.4.1 General
The measurements shall be taken in the unloaded condition with the crane and its associated tracks supported in the manner in which they will be operated. Tables 2 to 6 show the appropriate tolerances.
If technical documentation requires a means for differentiation of the tolerances, a suffix shall be added to the tolerance symbol, corresponding to the relevant table in this part.
Example: A2 is the construction tolerances for travelling tracks as per Table 2.
6.4.2 Rail joints
Construction tolerances shall be in accordance with Table 6.
6.5 Operational tolerances
The operational tolerances given in Table 7 shall be measured with the crane in the unloaded condition.
Note: Tolerances in excess of those shown in Table 7 can result in unacceptable ride characteristics and additional stresses, leading to increased wear on rails, wheels, guide rollers etc., and possible damage to the supporting structure. If any measurements are beyond the tolerances in Table 7, then investigations shall be undertaken by a competent engineer and the appropriate action taken.
Contents of GB/T 10183.1-2018
Foreword I
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Classification of tolerances
6 Tolerances
Bibliography
