GB 150-2024 "Pressure Vessels" comprises the following four parts:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 2：Materials
— Part 3: Design
— Part 4: Fabrication,inspection and testing,and acceptance
Introduction
Pressure vessels are one kind of the special equipment involving public safety and important equipment in fields such as petrochemicals, energy equipment, and biomedicine. To improve the economic efficiency and safety of pressure vessels, China issued the Specification for design of steel chemical vessels in 1967 and GB 150 Steel pressure vessels in 1989, and then revised GB 150 in 1998. As a supporting standard for pressure vessel regulations, GB 150 standardizes the construction requirements for steel pressure vessels. The GB/T 150 series of standards have been in force for more than ten years since their release in 2011. During this period, the Supervision regulation on safety technology for stationary pressure vessel was revised in 2016, and the standards on materials, parts and components, and nondestructive testing cited in it were also revised. In view of this, it is indeed necessary to revise and improve GB/T 150 to continuously adapt to the new demands of economic development for this series of standards and better promote the high-quality development of pressure vessel products.
This document is one of the general technical standards for the construction methods of pressure vessels, and aims to standardize the relevant technical requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels constructed or used in China. GB/T 150 consists of the following four parts under the general title Pressure vessels:
——Part 1: General requirements, which specifies the basic requirements for the construction of pressure vessels.
——Part 2: Materials, which specifies the basic requirements for material selection of pressure vessels and the material data used in their design and fabrication process.
——Part 3: Design, which specifies the design methods and design technical requirements for pressure vessels.
——Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance, which specifies the requirements for the fabrication process of pressure vessels as well as the provisions for their inspection and testing, and acceptance.
The technical provisions of this document cover the technical requirements to be followed during the construction process (i.e., design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance) of pressure vessels. It is neither necessary nor possible for this document to cover all technical details involved in the construction of pressure vessels within the scope of application.
This document does not restrict the application of advanced techniques in actual engineering design and construction, but engineers and technicians must be able to make reliable judgments when applying such techniques to ensure their compliance with the requirements of this document, especially with the strength or stability design formulas and other design requirements. This document neither requires nor restricts the use of computer programs by designers for the analysis or design of pressure vessels.
The committee shall not be held responsible for any misunderstandings arising from the promotion or interpretation of this series of standards by other organizations without the committee's written authorization or approval, as well as any consequences resulting from such misunderstandings.
Pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials
1 Scope
This document specifies the allowable grades and standards of steel materials for pressure parts of steel pressure vessels, the additional technical requirements of steel materials, the application scope (temperature and pressure) of steel materials, the allowable stress of steel materials, and the basic requirements of welding materials.
This document is applicable to the pressure vessels with design temperature of -269°C ~ 800°C and the design pressure not greater than 35 MPa.
This document is not applicable to the scope of inapplicability specified in GB/T 150.1.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 150.3 Pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
GB/T 228.2 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels
GB/T 700 Carbon structural steels
GB/T 709 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerance for hot-rolled steel strip, plate and sheet
GB/T 713.7 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 7: Stainless steel and heat resisting steel
GB/T 1220 Stainless steel bars
GB/T 1221 Heat-resistant steel bars
GB/T 3077 Alloy structure steels
GB/T 3965 Determination of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal
GB/T 4226 Cold finished stainless steel bar
GB/T 4334 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test methods for intergranular corrosion of austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels
GB/T 6394 Determination of estimating the average grain size of metal
GB/T 6479 Seamless steel tubes for high-pressure chemical fertilizer equipments
GB/T 6803 Test method for drop-weight test to determine nil-ductility transition temperature of ferritic steels
GB/T 7735-2016 Automated eddy current testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for detection of imperfections
GB/T 9948 Seamless steel tubes for petroleum cracking
GB/T 13305 Micrographic method for determining area content of the α-phases in stainless steels
GB/T 20878 Stainless and heat-resisting steels - Designation and chemical composition
GB/T 21433 Detecting susceptibility to intergranular corrosion in stainless steel pressure vessels
GB/T 31935 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosion test for intergranular corrosion susceptibility of low-Cr ferritic stainless steels
GB/T 32571 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosion test for intergranular corrosion susceptibility of high-Cr ferritic stainless steels
GB/T 39255 Gases and gas mixtures for welding and cutting processes
JB/T 4756 Nickel and nickel alloy pressure vessels
NB/T 47002.1 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 1: Stainless steel-steel clad plate
NB/T 47002.2 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 2: Nickel-steel clad plate
NB/T 47002.3 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 3: Titanium-steel clad plate
NB/T 47002.4 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 4: Copper-steel clad plate
NB/T 47010 Stainless and heat-resisting steel forgings for pressure equipment
NB/T 47013.2-2015 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 2: Radiographic testing
NB/T 47013.3 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing
NB/T 47013.4 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 4: Magnetic particle testing
NB/T 47013.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 5: Penetrant testing
NB/T 47014 Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipment
NB/T 47018.1 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Part 1: General rule
NB/T 47018.2 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 2: Electrodes for steel
NB/T 47018.3 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 3: Steel electrodes and rods for gas shielded arc welding
NB/T 47018.4 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 4: Electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding
NB/T 47018.5 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 5: Stainless steel strip electrodes and fluxes for overlay welding
NB/T 47019.1 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger tubes - .Part 1: General requirements
NB/T 47019.4 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger tubes. - Part 4: Low alloy steel for low-temperature service
TSG 21 Supervision regulation on safety technology for stationary pressure vessel
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 150.1 apply.
4 General requirements
4.1 This document specifies relevant provisions on steel materials and welding materials for steel plates, steel pipes, steel forgings, steel studs (including bolts) for pressure parts of pressure vessels.
4.2 The steel materials used for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall be steel materials with good weldability, and the steel materials used for non-pressure parts welded with pressure parts shall also be steel materials with good weldability.
4.3 It is allowed to apply austenitic stainless steel materials not listed in this document but listed in GB/T 20878 and GB/T 713.7, but their technical requirements (e.g., phosphorus and sulfur content, strength indicators) shall not be lower than the provisions of similar grades of chemical composition in the corresponding steel material standards listed in this document.
4.4 When the steel materials (except steel materials that meet the requirements of 4.3) not listed in this document are applied, their technical requirements shall comply with Annex A.
4.5 The steel materials for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall be accompanied by the steel material quality certificate of the steel material manufacturer. The contents of the quality certificate (including the heat treatment process parameters of the delivery status of the steel materials when necessary) shall be complete and clear, and the traceable information mark shall be printed, and affixed with the quality inspection seal of the material manufacturer. The traceable information includes the name of the steel material manufacturer, steel material standard No., brand, specification, furnace batch No., delivery status, heat treatment process parameters (when necessary), issuance date of quality certificate, etc. Traceable information marks include QR codes or barcodes.
4.6 The vessel manufacturer shall perform acceptance inspection on the steel materials according to the quality certificate. In case of no original steel material quality certificate from the steel material manufacturer, the official seal of the material operation organization and the signature (seal) of the person in charge of the handling shall be affixed on the photocopy of the original steel material quality certificate.
4.7 The selection of steel materials for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall be based on the service conditions (e.g., design temperature, design pressure, medium characteristics and operating characteristics, etc.) of the vessels, the chemical composition, microstructure, properties (mechanical properties, process properties, chemical properties and physical properties) of the steel materials, the manufacturing process of the vessels, as well as the economic rationality.
4.8 The steel materials for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall be smelted in oxygen converter or electric furnace, or by electroslag remelting method. As for the low-alloy steel plates and low-alloy steel forgings, austenitic-ferritic stainless steel plates with the lower limit of standard tensile strength greater than 540 MPa, as well as the low-temperature steel plates, low-temperature steel forgings and low-temperature-steel pipes with the service temperature below -20°C, they shall also be refined outside the furnace.
4.9 The upper service temperature limit of the steel materials for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall meet the following requirements.
a) The upper service temperature limit of steel material is the maximum temperature corresponding to the allowable stress of each grade of steel materials in Tables C.1 to C.8 (the allowable stress on the right side of the thick line in the allowable stress table is determined by the average value of the 105 h high-temperature durable strength limit of the steel materials). If the steel materials need be operated above the upper limit of service temperature for a short time due to the process requirements, it shall be specified in the design documents.
b) As for the non-alloy steel materials and carbon manganese steel materials, when the materials are applied at temperatures higher than 425°C for a long time, attention shall be paid to the graphitization tendency of the carbide phase in the steel.
GB 150-2024 "Pressure Vessels" comprises the following four parts:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 2：Materials
— Part 3: Design
— Part 4: Fabrication,inspection and testing,and acceptance
Introduction
Pressure vessels are one kind of the special equipment involving public safety and important equipment in fields such as petrochemicals, energy equipment, and biomedicine. To improve the economic efficiency and safety of pressure vessels, China issued the Specification for design of steel chemical vessels in 1967 and GB 150 Steel pressure vessels in 1989, and then revised GB 150 in 1998. As a supporting standard for pressure vessel regulations, GB 150 standardizes the construction requirements for steel pressure vessels. The GB/T 150 series of standards have been in force for more than ten years since their release in 2011. During this period, the Supervision regulation on safety technology for stationary pressure vessel was revised in 2016, and the standards on materials, parts and components, and nondestructive testing cited in it were also revised. In view of this, it is indeed necessary to revise and improve GB/T 150 to continuously adapt to the new demands of economic development for this series of standards and better promote the high-quality development of pressure vessel products.
This document is one of the general technical standards for the construction methods of pressure vessels, and aims to standardize the relevant technical requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels constructed or used in China. GB/T 150 consists of the following four parts under the general title Pressure vessels:
——Part 1: General requirements, which specifies the basic requirements for the construction of pressure vessels.
——Part 2: Materials, which specifies the basic requirements for material selection of pressure vessels and the material data used in their design and fabrication process.
——Part 3: Design, which specifies the design methods and design technical requirements for pressure vessels.
——Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance, which specifies the requirements for the fabrication process of pressure vessels as well as the provisions for their inspection and testing, and acceptance.
The technical provisions of this document cover the technical requirements to be followed during the construction process (i.e., design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance) of pressure vessels. It is neither necessary nor possible for this document to cover all technical details involved in the construction of pressure vessels within the scope of application.
This document does not restrict the application of advanced techniques in actual engineering design and construction, but engineers and technicians must be able to make reliable judgments when applying such techniques to ensure their compliance with the requirements of this document, especially with the strength or stability design formulas and other design requirements. This document neither requires nor restricts the use of computer programs by designers for the analysis or design of pressure vessels.
The committee shall not be held responsible for any misunderstandings arising from the promotion or interpretation of this series of standards by other organizations without the committee's written authorization or approval, as well as any consequences resulting from such misunderstandings.
Pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials
1 Scope
This document specifies the allowable grades and standards of steel materials for pressure parts of steel pressure vessels, the additional technical requirements of steel materials, the application scope (temperature and pressure) of steel materials, the allowable stress of steel materials, and the basic requirements of welding materials.
This document is applicable to the pressure vessels with design temperature of -269°C ~ 800°C and the design pressure not greater than 35 MPa.
This document is not applicable to the scope of inapplicability specified in GB/T 150.1.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 150.3 Pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
GB/T 228.2 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels
GB/T 700 Carbon structural steels
GB/T 709 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerance for hot-rolled steel strip, plate and sheet
GB/T 713.7 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 7: Stainless steel and heat resisting steel
GB/T 1220 Stainless steel bars
GB/T 1221 Heat-resistant steel bars
GB/T 3077 Alloy structure steels
GB/T 3965 Determination of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal
GB/T 4226 Cold finished stainless steel bar
GB/T 4334 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Test methods for intergranular corrosion of austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels
GB/T 6394 Determination of estimating the average grain size of metal
GB/T 6479 Seamless steel tubes for high-pressure chemical fertilizer equipments
GB/T 6803 Test method for drop-weight test to determine nil-ductility transition temperature of ferritic steels
GB/T 7735-2016 Automated eddy current testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for detection of imperfections
GB/T 9948 Seamless steel tubes for petroleum cracking
GB/T 13305 Micrographic method for determining area content of the α-phases in stainless steels
GB/T 20878 Stainless and heat-resisting steels - Designation and chemical composition
GB/T 21433 Detecting susceptibility to intergranular corrosion in stainless steel pressure vessels
GB/T 31935 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosion test for intergranular corrosion susceptibility of low-Cr ferritic stainless steels
GB/T 32571 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosion test for intergranular corrosion susceptibility of high-Cr ferritic stainless steels
GB/T 39255 Gases and gas mixtures for welding and cutting processes
JB/T 4756 Nickel and nickel alloy pressure vessels
NB/T 47002.1 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 1: Stainless steel-steel clad plate
NB/T 47002.2 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 2: Nickel-steel clad plate
NB/T 47002.3 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 3: Titanium-steel clad plate
NB/T 47002.4 Clad plate for pressure vessel - Part 4: Copper-steel clad plate
NB/T 47010 Stainless and heat-resisting steel forgings for pressure equipment
NB/T 47013.2-2015 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 2: Radiographic testing
NB/T 47013.3 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing
NB/T 47013.4 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 4: Magnetic particle testing
NB/T 47013.5 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 5: Penetrant testing
NB/T 47014 Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipment
NB/T 47018.1 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Part 1: General rule
NB/T 47018.2 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 2: Electrodes for steel
NB/T 47018.3 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 3: Steel electrodes and rods for gas shielded arc welding
NB/T 47018.4 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 4: Electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding
NB/T 47018.5 Technical permission of welding materials for pressure equipment - Section 5: Stainless steel strip electrodes and fluxes for overlay welding
NB/T 47019.1 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger tubes - .Part 1: General requirements
NB/T 47019.4 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger tubes. - Part 4: Low alloy steel for low-temperature service
TSG 21 Supervision regulation on safety technology for stationary pressure vessel
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 150.1 apply.
4 General requirements
4.1 This document specifies relevant provisions on steel materials and welding materials for steel plates, steel pipes, steel forgings, steel studs (including bolts) for pressure parts of pressure vessels.
4.2 The steel materials used for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall be steel materials with good weldability, and the steel materials used for non-pressure parts welded with pressure parts shall also be steel materials with good weldability.
4.3 It is allowed to apply austenitic stainless steel materials not listed in this document but listed in GB/T 20878 and GB/T 713.7, but their technical requirements (e.g., phosphorus and sulfur content, strength indicators) shall not be lower than the provisions of similar grades of chemical composition in the corresponding steel material standards listed in this document.
4.4 When the steel materials (except steel materials that meet the requirements of 4.3) not listed in this document are applied, their technical requirements shall comply with Annex A.
4.5 The steel materials for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall be accompanied by the steel material quality certificate of the steel material manufacturer. The contents of the quality certificate (including the heat treatment process parameters of the delivery status of the steel materials when necessary) shall be complete and clear, and the traceable information mark shall be printed, and affixed with the quality inspection seal of the material manufacturer. The traceable information includes the name of the steel material manufacturer, steel material standard No., brand, specification, furnace batch No., delivery status, heat treatment process parameters (when necessary), issuance date of quality certificate, etc. Traceable information marks include QR codes or barcodes.
4.6 The vessel manufacturer shall perform acceptance inspection on the steel materials according to the quality certificate. In case of no original steel material quality certificate from the steel material manufacturer, the official seal of the material operation organization and the signature (seal) of the person in charge of the handling shall be affixed on the photocopy of the original steel material quality certificate.
4.7 The selection of steel materials for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall be based on the service conditions (e.g., design temperature, design pressure, medium characteristics and operating characteristics, etc.) of the vessels, the chemical composition, microstructure, properties (mechanical properties, process properties, chemical properties and physical properties) of the steel materials, the manufacturing process of the vessels, as well as the economic rationality.
4.8 The steel materials for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall be smelted in oxygen converter or electric furnace, or by electroslag remelting method. As for the low-alloy steel plates and low-alloy steel forgings, austenitic-ferritic stainless steel plates with the lower limit of standard tensile strength greater than 540 MPa, as well as the low-temperature steel plates, low-temperature steel forgings and low-temperature-steel pipes with the service temperature below -20°C, they shall also be refined outside the furnace.
4.9 The upper service temperature limit of the steel materials for pressure parts of pressure vessels shall meet the following requirements.
a) The upper service temperature limit of steel material is the maximum temperature corresponding to the allowable stress of each grade of steel materials in Tables C.1 to C.8 (the allowable stress on the right side of the thick line in the allowable stress table is determined by the average value of the 105 h high-temperature durable strength limit of the steel materials). If the steel materials need be operated above the upper limit of service temperature for a short time due to the process requirements, it shall be specified in the design documents.
b) As for the non-alloy steel materials and carbon manganese steel materials, when the materials are applied at temperatures higher than 425°C for a long time, attention shall be paid to the graphitization tendency of the carbide phase in the steel.
