GB/T 22451-2024 Common requirements of electromagnetic compatibility for radio communication equipment
1 Scope
This document specifies electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits and performance criteria for radio communication equipment and its ancillary equipment, and describes electromagnetic compatibility measurement methods.
This document is applicable to all types of radio communication equipment except broadcast receivers.
Note: This document allows field testing of equipment for specific products that are not suitable for testing in a laboratory environment (e.g., high-power radio transmitters).
In such cases, if there are no applicable standards and methods of field test, the rationale and limits for evaluating the measurement methods of the equipment under test may be referred to in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 6113.104 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
GB/T 6113.203 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements
GB/T 9254.1 Information technology equipment, multimedia equipment and receivers - Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 1: Emission requirements
GB 17625.1 Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Part 1: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤16A per phase)
GB/T 17625.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Limits - Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection
GB/Z 17625.3 Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated current greater than 16A
GB/Z 17625.6 Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limitation of emission of harmonic currents in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated current greater than 16A
GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
GB/T 17626.3 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Part 3: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.4 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
GB/T 17626.5 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test
GB/T 17626.6 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
GB/T 17626.8 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.11 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Part 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests for equipment with input current up to 16A per phase
GB/T 17626.29 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests
GB/T 18655 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers
GB/T 21437.2 Road vehicles - Test method of electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 2: Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only
YD/T 1483 Technical requirement and measurement method of spurious emission of radio equipments
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
radio communications equipment
electrical or electronic equipment intended to transmit and/or receive radio waves for radio communication and/or radio determination
Note: It may be used together with ancillary equipment, but of which the basic functions are completed independently from the ancillary equipment.
3.1.2
operating frequency range
radio frequency band used by radio communication equipment during normal operation
3.1.3
telecommunication center
installation/operating environment of telecommunication equipment
Note: Telecommunication center, i.e., infrastructure telecommunication facilities, in which the electromagnetic environment is controlled, have the following characteristics:
— Dedicated -48V, -60V DC or 50Hz and 220V/380V AC distribution system for telecommunication equipment in the facility;
— The distribution system is equipped with lightning protection units and monitoring equipment, and there is a certain backup energy to work in parallel to ensure the power supply of the equipment;
— DC cable, signal cable and AC cable to maintain a certain distance to avoid mutual coupling;
— The grounding system is consistent with the recommended requirements of ITU-TK.27;
— The cable erection bracket is made of metal cable bracket and is well connected to the grounding system in the equipment room;
— There are anti-static measures, such as temperature and humidity control in the facility using anti-static floor;
— The guidelines (use of anti-static ring, electrostatic protective shoes and hats, etc.) for operation and maintenance of facilities shall be formulated.
— Certain distance shall be maintained between the telecommunication center and the high-power broadcast transmitter;
— Use of radio equipment is allowed, but corresponding measures shall be taken to limit the excessive emission of electromagnetic waves to telecommunication equipment.
3.1.4
other than telecommunication center
location where telecommunication equipment is installed/operated other than telecommunication center
Note: For example, local distant station, commercial area, office, residential areas and subdistrict without protective measures.
3.1.5
ancillary equipment
equipment used in connection with radio communication equipment.
Note: Ancillary equipment meets the following conditions:
— use with radio telecommunication equipment to provide additional operating and/or control characteristics for radio telecommunication equipment, e.g. extending control to other positions.
— cannot be used independently of radio telecommunication equipment, otherwise it cannot provide user functions separately;
— the radio communications equipment to which it is connected is still capable of implementing the preset operations such as transmitting and/or receiving without this ancillary equipment (i.e., the ancillary equipment is not the subunit of the basic function of master equipment)
4 Test conditions
4.1 General requirements
The test configuration shall be close to the typical situation of the actual use of EUT.
When the EUT has an integrated antenna, the antenna used in normal use shall be installed for test.
If EUT is a part of the system or connected with the ancillary equipment, the test may be carried out in a minimal typical configuration of the ancillary equipment, and the port connected to the ancillary equipment shall be activated.
If the EUT has multiple ports, select all types and a sufficient number of ports to simulate the actual operation of the EUT.
For ports where the EUT is connected to other equipment in actual use, these ports shall be connected to ancillary equipment, ancillary test equipment or impedance matched loads during the test.
Ports that are not connected to EUT cables in actual use, such as service ports, program ports, and debugging ports, do not connect cables to these ports during the test. If, in order to excite the EUT, these ports shall be connected to ancillary test equipment, or if the interconnect cable must be extended, the evaluation of the EUT shall be ensured that the extension of ancillary test equipment or cable is not affected.
The ancillary test equipment shall be placed outside the test area. If placed in the test area, the ancillary test equipment shall not affect the test results of the EUT or its impact shall be excluded.
The disturbance measurement shall be carried out at the mode that the EUT generates the maximum disturbance during normal operation.
Test conditions, operating mode and test configuration shall be recorded in the report.
Electromagnetic compatibility test of composite radio equipment shall be carried out in accordance with Annex A.
4.2 Test arrangement
4.2.1 Test layout of transmitter input end
To provide useful radio frequency signal for the transmitter, so that the transmitter can work normally. If the input signal is provided by an external signal source, the external signal source shall be placed outside the test environment.
4.2.2 Test layout of transmitter output end
The ancillary test equipment that receives the output signal of the transmitter shall be placed outside the test environment.
In a transmitter with an integrated antenna, the useful RF output signal establishing a communication connection shall be fed to the ancillary test equipment through the antenna in the test environment, which shall not be affected by the signal in the test environment.
For transmitters with antenna interfaces, the useful RF output signal to establish a communication connection shall be connected from the antenna interface to the ancillary test equipment via a shielded wire (e.g., coaxial line).
The level of the useful RF signal output by the transmitter shall be set to the maximum rated RF power of the operating mode of the EUT.
4.2.3 Test layout of receiver input end
Signal sources that provide useful RF signals to the receiver shall be placed outside the test environment.
For a receiver with an integrated antenna, the useful RF input signal to establish a communication connection shall be fed through an antenna in the test environment, which shall be unaffected by the signal in the test environment and connected to the RF signal source.
For a receiver with an antenna interface, the useful RF input signal to establish a communication connection shall be connected from the antenna interface to an external signal source via a shielded wire (e.g., coaxial line).
The level of the receiver's useful RF input signal shall be set to a level higher than the EUT's receive reference sensitivity level (the minimum acceptable signal level), but not exceeding 40dB. The input signal level shall be recorded in the test report.
For the radiated immunity test, the level of the receiver's useful RF input signal is measured when the power amplifier of the radiated immunity test system is turned on but without excitation.
Contents Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.2 Abbreviations 4 Test conditions 4.1 General requirements 4.2 Test arrangement 4.3 Test-free Frequency Band 4.4 Narrowband Response of Receiver 5 Performance evaluation requirements 5.1 General 5.2 EUT being capable of establishing a continuous communication connection 5.3 EUT being incapable of establishing a continuous communication connection 5.4 Ancillaries 5.5 Classification of EUT 6 Performance criteria for immunity test 6.1 Performance criteria (persistence) 6.2 Performance criteria (transient) 6.3 Performance criteria (discontinuity) 6.4 Performance criteria for devices that cannot establish continuous communication links 6.5 Performance criteria for auxiliary devices 7 Measurement item 7.1 Disturbance measurement 7.2 Immunity Test 8 Measurement method and limit of disturbance 8.1 Radiated spurious disturbance (enclosure port) 8.2 Radiated disturbance (enclosure port of ancillary equipment) 8.3 Conducted disturbance (wired network port) 8.4 Conducted disturbance (DC power input/output ports) 8.5 Conducted disturbance (AC power input/output ports) 8.6 Harmonic current (AC power input port) 8.7 Voltage variation, fluctuation and flicker (AC power input port) 8.8 Electrical transient conducted disturbance (DC power input/output ports of on-board equipment) 9 Test methods and grades of immunity 9.1 Electrostatic discharge immunity test 9.2 Radio-frequency electromagnetic field radiation immunity test 9.3 Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test 9.4 Surge immunity test 9.5 Immunity test for conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency field 9.6 Power frequency magnetic field immunity test 9.7 Immunity test of voltage dig, short interruption and voltage variation 9.8 Transient and surge immunity test (DC power input ports of on-board environment) Annex A (Normative) Guidelines for electromagnetic compatibility test of composite radio equipment A.1 Combination type of composite radio equipment A.2 Test guidelines for composite radio equipment A.3 Examples of various types of composite radio equipment Bibliography
GB/T 22451-2024 Common requirements of electromagnetic compatibility for radio communication equipment
1 Scope
This document specifies electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits and performance criteria for radio communication equipment and its ancillary equipment, and describes electromagnetic compatibility measurement methods.
This document is applicable to all types of radio communication equipment except broadcast receivers.
Note: This document allows field testing of equipment for specific products that are not suitable for testing in a laboratory environment (e.g., high-power radio transmitters).
In such cases, if there are no applicable standards and methods of field test, the rationale and limits for evaluating the measurement methods of the equipment under test may be referred to in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 6113.104 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
GB/T 6113.203 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements
GB/T 9254.1 Information technology equipment, multimedia equipment and receivers - Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 1: Emission requirements
GB 17625.1 Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Part 1: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤16A per phase)
GB/T 17625.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Limits - Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection
GB/Z 17625.3 Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated current greater than 16A
GB/Z 17625.6 Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limitation of emission of harmonic currents in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated current greater than 16A
GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
GB/T 17626.3 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Part 3: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.4 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
GB/T 17626.5 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test
GB/T 17626.6 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
GB/T 17626.8 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.11 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Part 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests for equipment with input current up to 16A per phase
GB/T 17626.29 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests
GB/T 18655 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers
GB/T 21437.2 Road vehicles - Test method of electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 2: Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only
YD/T 1483 Technical requirement and measurement method of spurious emission of radio equipments
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
radio communications equipment
electrical or electronic equipment intended to transmit and/or receive radio waves for radio communication and/or radio determination
Note: It may be used together with ancillary equipment, but of which the basic functions are completed independently from the ancillary equipment.
3.1.2
operating frequency range
radio frequency band used by radio communication equipment during normal operation
3.1.3
telecommunication center
installation/operating environment of telecommunication equipment
Note: Telecommunication center, i.e., infrastructure telecommunication facilities, in which the electromagnetic environment is controlled, have the following characteristics:
— Dedicated -48V, -60V DC or 50Hz and 220V/380V AC distribution system for telecommunication equipment in the facility;
— The distribution system is equipped with lightning protection units and monitoring equipment, and there is a certain backup energy to work in parallel to ensure the power supply of the equipment;
— DC cable, signal cable and AC cable to maintain a certain distance to avoid mutual coupling;
— The grounding system is consistent with the recommended requirements of ITU-TK.27;
— The cable erection bracket is made of metal cable bracket and is well connected to the grounding system in the equipment room;
— There are anti-static measures, such as temperature and humidity control in the facility using anti-static floor;
— The guidelines (use of anti-static ring, electrostatic protective shoes and hats, etc.) for operation and maintenance of facilities shall be formulated.
— Certain distance shall be maintained between the telecommunication center and the high-power broadcast transmitter;
— Use of radio equipment is allowed, but corresponding measures shall be taken to limit the excessive emission of electromagnetic waves to telecommunication equipment.
3.1.4
other than telecommunication center
location where telecommunication equipment is installed/operated other than telecommunication center
Note: For example, local distant station, commercial area, office, residential areas and subdistrict without protective measures.
3.1.5
ancillary equipment
equipment used in connection with radio communication equipment.
Note: Ancillary equipment meets the following conditions:
— use with radio telecommunication equipment to provide additional operating and/or control characteristics for radio telecommunication equipment, e.g. extending control to other positions.
— cannot be used independently of radio telecommunication equipment, otherwise it cannot provide user functions separately;
— the radio communications equipment to which it is connected is still capable of implementing the preset operations such as transmitting and/or receiving without this ancillary equipment (i.e., the ancillary equipment is not the subunit of the basic function of master equipment)
4 Test conditions
4.1 General requirements
The test configuration shall be close to the typical situation of the actual use of EUT.
When the EUT has an integrated antenna, the antenna used in normal use shall be installed for test.
If EUT is a part of the system or connected with the ancillary equipment, the test may be carried out in a minimal typical configuration of the ancillary equipment, and the port connected to the ancillary equipment shall be activated.
If the EUT has multiple ports, select all types and a sufficient number of ports to simulate the actual operation of the EUT.
For ports where the EUT is connected to other equipment in actual use, these ports shall be connected to ancillary equipment, ancillary test equipment or impedance matched loads during the test.
Ports that are not connected to EUT cables in actual use, such as service ports, program ports, and debugging ports, do not connect cables to these ports during the test. If, in order to excite the EUT, these ports shall be connected to ancillary test equipment, or if the interconnect cable must be extended, the evaluation of the EUT shall be ensured that the extension of ancillary test equipment or cable is not affected.
The ancillary test equipment shall be placed outside the test area. If placed in the test area, the ancillary test equipment shall not affect the test results of the EUT or its impact shall be excluded.
The disturbance measurement shall be carried out at the mode that the EUT generates the maximum disturbance during normal operation.
Test conditions, operating mode and test configuration shall be recorded in the report.
Electromagnetic compatibility test of composite radio equipment shall be carried out in accordance with Annex A.
4.2 Test arrangement
4.2.1 Test layout of transmitter input end
To provide useful radio frequency signal for the transmitter, so that the transmitter can work normally. If the input signal is provided by an external signal source, the external signal source shall be placed outside the test environment.
4.2.2 Test layout of transmitter output end
The ancillary test equipment that receives the output signal of the transmitter shall be placed outside the test environment.
In a transmitter with an integrated antenna, the useful RF output signal establishing a communication connection shall be fed to the ancillary test equipment through the antenna in the test environment, which shall not be affected by the signal in the test environment.
For transmitters with antenna interfaces, the useful RF output signal to establish a communication connection shall be connected from the antenna interface to the ancillary test equipment via a shielded wire (e.g., coaxial line).
The level of the useful RF signal output by the transmitter shall be set to the maximum rated RF power of the operating mode of the EUT.
4.2.3 Test layout of receiver input end
Signal sources that provide useful RF signals to the receiver shall be placed outside the test environment.
For a receiver with an integrated antenna, the useful RF input signal to establish a communication connection shall be fed through an antenna in the test environment, which shall be unaffected by the signal in the test environment and connected to the RF signal source.
For a receiver with an antenna interface, the useful RF input signal to establish a communication connection shall be connected from the antenna interface to an external signal source via a shielded wire (e.g., coaxial line).
The level of the receiver's useful RF input signal shall be set to a level higher than the EUT's receive reference sensitivity level (the minimum acceptable signal level), but not exceeding 40dB. The input signal level shall be recorded in the test report.
For the radiated immunity test, the level of the receiver's useful RF input signal is measured when the power amplifier of the radiated immunity test system is turned on but without excitation.
Contents of GB/T 22451-2024
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviations
4 Test conditions
4.1 General requirements
4.2 Test arrangement
4.3 Test-free Frequency Band
4.4 Narrowband Response of Receiver
5 Performance evaluation requirements
5.1 General
5.2 EUT being capable of establishing a continuous communication connection
5.3 EUT being incapable of establishing a continuous communication connection
5.4 Ancillaries
5.5 Classification of EUT
6 Performance criteria for immunity test
6.1 Performance criteria (persistence)
6.2 Performance criteria (transient)
6.3 Performance criteria (discontinuity)
6.4 Performance criteria for devices that cannot establish continuous communication links
6.5 Performance criteria for auxiliary devices
7 Measurement item
7.1 Disturbance measurement
7.2 Immunity Test
8 Measurement method and limit of disturbance
8.1 Radiated spurious disturbance (enclosure port)
8.2 Radiated disturbance (enclosure port of ancillary equipment)
8.3 Conducted disturbance (wired network port)
8.4 Conducted disturbance (DC power input/output ports)
8.5 Conducted disturbance (AC power input/output ports)
8.6 Harmonic current (AC power input port)
8.7 Voltage variation, fluctuation and flicker (AC power input port)
8.8 Electrical transient conducted disturbance (DC power input/output ports of on-board equipment)
9 Test methods and grades of immunity
9.1 Electrostatic discharge immunity test
9.2 Radio-frequency electromagnetic field radiation immunity test
9.3 Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
9.4 Surge immunity test
9.5 Immunity test for conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency field
9.6 Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
9.7 Immunity test of voltage dig, short interruption and voltage variation
9.8 Transient and surge immunity test (DC power input ports of on-board environment)
Annex A (Normative) Guidelines for electromagnetic compatibility test of composite radio equipment
A.1 Combination type of composite radio equipment
A.2 Test guidelines for composite radio equipment
A.3 Examples of various types of composite radio equipment
Bibliography
