GB/T 7233.1-2023 Steel castings – Ultrasonic testing - Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes
1 Scope
This document specifies the general requirements and testing method for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings for general purposes.
This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings for general purposes which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For steel castings with wall thickness greater than 600 mm, if there are no special requirements, reference may be made to this document.
This document is not applicable to austenitic steel and austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel. Reference may be made to this document for martensitic stainless steel.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 9445 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (GB/T 9445-2015, ISO 9712:2012, IDT)
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing (GB/T 12064.1-2020, ISO 5577:2017, MOD)
GB/T 19799.1 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Calibration block No.1 (GB/T 19799.1-2015, ISO 2400:2012, IDT)
GB/T 19799.2 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Calibration block No.2 (GB/T 19799.2-2012, ISO 7963:2006, IDT)
GB/T 27664.1 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments (GB/T 27664.1-2011, EN 12668-1:2000, MOD)
GB/T 27664.2 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes (GB/T 27664.2-2011, EN 12668-2:2001, MOD)
GB/T 27664.3 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 3: Combined equipment (GB/T 27664.3-2012, EN 12668-3:2000, MOD)
GB/T 39239 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Characterization and sizing of discontinuities (GB/T 39239-2020, ISO 16827:2012, MOD)
GB/T 39240 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - General principles (GB/T 39240-2020, ISO 16810:2012, MOD)
GB/T 39242 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and range setting (GB/T 39242-2020, ISO 16811:2012, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
3.1
point-like defect
defect, the dimensions of which are smaller than or equal to the sound-beam width
Note: Dimensions in this document relate to length, width and dimension in the through-wall direction.
3.2
extended defect
defect, the dimensions of which are larger than the sound-beam width
Note: Dimensions in this document relate to length, width and dimension in the through-wall direction.
3.3
planar defect
defects with two-dimensional measurable dimensions
3.4
volumetric defect
defects with three-dimensionally measurable dimensions
3.5
rim zone
1/3 the through-wall thickness from the surface with a maximum of 30 mm
3.6
non-measurable dimension
dimension of a defect that is smaller than the beam width, which depends on the probe size and the frequency used
3.7
repair welding
welding carried out to ensure that the steel casting reaches its required quality
4 General requirements
4.1 Order information
The following information shall be available at the time of order:
a) the areas of the casting and the number or percentage of castings to which the requirements of ultrasonic testing apply;
b) the quality grade of each testing area of the steel casting;
c) requirements for test procedure;
d) additional requirements for the test procedure, see 5.5.1.
4.2 Extent of testing
The casting shall be tested so that the agreed areas are covered (insofar as this is possible from the shape of the casting) by the use of the best applicable test technique.
4.3 Maximum acceptable size of defects
4.3.1 General
Single defects in core zone extending into the rim zone shall be evaluated as rim zone.
4.3.2 Acceptance levels for planar defects mainly orientated perpendicular to the surface
4.3.2.1 The acceptance levels for planar defects are given in Figure 1.
Contents
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Testing
Annex A (Informative) Structural changes between this document and ISO 4992-1:2020
Annex B (Informative) Technical differences between this document and ISO 4992-1:2020 and their justifications
Annex C (Informative) Sound-beam diameters
Annex D (Informative) Types of indications generated by typical defects
GB/T 7233.1-2023 Steel castings – Ultrasonic testing - Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes
1 Scope
This document specifies the general requirements and testing method for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings for general purposes.
This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings for general purposes which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For steel castings with wall thickness greater than 600 mm, if there are no special requirements, reference may be made to this document.
This document is not applicable to austenitic steel and austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel. Reference may be made to this document for martensitic stainless steel.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 9445 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (GB/T 9445-2015, ISO 9712:2012, IDT)
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing (GB/T 12064.1-2020, ISO 5577:2017, MOD)
GB/T 19799.1 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Calibration block No.1 (GB/T 19799.1-2015, ISO 2400:2012, IDT)
GB/T 19799.2 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Calibration block No.2 (GB/T 19799.2-2012, ISO 7963:2006, IDT)
GB/T 27664.1 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments (GB/T 27664.1-2011, EN 12668-1:2000, MOD)
GB/T 27664.2 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes (GB/T 27664.2-2011, EN 12668-2:2001, MOD)
GB/T 27664.3 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 3: Combined equipment (GB/T 27664.3-2012, EN 12668-3:2000, MOD)
GB/T 39239 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Characterization and sizing of discontinuities (GB/T 39239-2020, ISO 16827:2012, MOD)
GB/T 39240 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - General principles (GB/T 39240-2020, ISO 16810:2012, MOD)
GB/T 39242 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and range setting (GB/T 39242-2020, ISO 16811:2012, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
3.1
point-like defect
defect, the dimensions of which are smaller than or equal to the sound-beam width
Note: Dimensions in this document relate to length, width and dimension in the through-wall direction.
3.2
extended defect
defect, the dimensions of which are larger than the sound-beam width
Note: Dimensions in this document relate to length, width and dimension in the through-wall direction.
3.3
planar defect
defects with two-dimensional measurable dimensions
3.4
volumetric defect
defects with three-dimensionally measurable dimensions
3.5
rim zone
1/3 the through-wall thickness from the surface with a maximum of 30 mm
3.6
non-measurable dimension
dimension of a defect that is smaller than the beam width, which depends on the probe size and the frequency used
3.7
repair welding
welding carried out to ensure that the steel casting reaches its required quality
4 General requirements
4.1 Order information
The following information shall be available at the time of order:
a) the areas of the casting and the number or percentage of castings to which the requirements of ultrasonic testing apply;
b) the quality grade of each testing area of the steel casting;
c) requirements for test procedure;
d) additional requirements for the test procedure, see 5.5.1.
4.2 Extent of testing
The casting shall be tested so that the agreed areas are covered (insofar as this is possible from the shape of the casting) by the use of the best applicable test technique.
4.3 Maximum acceptable size of defects
4.3.1 General
Single defects in core zone extending into the rim zone shall be evaluated as rim zone.
4.3.2 Acceptance levels for planar defects mainly orientated perpendicular to the surface
4.3.2.1 The acceptance levels for planar defects are given in Figure 1.
Contents of GB/T 7233.1-2023
Contents
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Testing
Annex A (Informative) Structural changes between this document and ISO 4992-1:2020
Annex B (Informative) Technical differences between this document and ISO 4992-1:2020 and their justifications
Annex C (Informative) Sound-beam diameters
Annex D (Informative) Types of indications generated by typical defects
