1 Scope
This part of GB/T 10230 specifies the terms and definitions, service conditions, technical requirements for on-load tap-changers, technical requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for on-load tap-changers, technical requirements for de-energized tap-changers, technical requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for de-energized tap-changers, nameplates, de-energized tap-changer warning label, and manufacturers operating instructions.
This part applies to on-load tap-changers of both resistor and reactor types, de-energized tap-changers, and their motor-drive mechanisms.
This part applies to tap-changers immersed in mineral insulating oil according to GB 2536 but may also be used for tap-changers with air or gas insulation or immersed in other insulating liquids insofar as conditions are applicable.
This part applies mainly to on-load tap-changers with arcing contacts but may also be used for no arcing on-load tap-changers (such as electronic switching) insofar as conditions are applicable.
This part applies to the tap-changers for power and distribution transformers of all types and also to reactors.
This part does not apply to tap-changers for traction transformers and traction reactors, and capacity-regulating tap-changers for capacity-regulating transformers.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1094.7 Power transformers - Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers (GB/T 1094.7-2008; IEC 60076-7: 2005, MOD)
GB 2536 Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear (GB 2536-2011; IEC 60296: 2003, MOD)
GB/T 2900.95 Electrotechnical terminology - transformers,voltage regulators and reactors (GB/T 2900.95-2015; IEC 60050-421: 1990, NEQ)
GB/T 4109 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1,000V (GB/T 4109-2008; IEC 60137 Ed.6.0, MOD)
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure(IP code) (GB/T 4208-2017; IEC 60529: 2013, IDT)
GB/T 7354 High-voltage test techniques - Partial discharge measurements (GB/T 7354-2018; IEC 60270: 2000, MOD)
GB/T 10230.2 Tap-changers - Part 2: Application guide (GB/T 10230.2-2007; IEC 60214-2: 2004, MOD)
GB/T 16927.1 High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements (GB/T 16927.1-2011; IEC 60060-1: 2010, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.95 and the following apply.
3.1
on-load tap-changer; OLTC
device for changing the tap connections of a winding, suitable for operation while the transformer is energized or on load
Note: On-load tap-changers are sometimes called load tap-changers (LTC).
3.2
non-vacuum type on-load tap-changer
on-load tap-changer with contacts that break and make the load and circulating currents and where the arcing takes place in a liquid or gas, the tap-changer itself being placed in liquid or gas
This definition does not apply to no arcing on-load tap-changers.
3.3
vacuum type on-load tap-changer
on-load tap-changer where vacuum interrupters (vacuum tube) break and make the load and circulating currents, the tap-changer itself being placed in a different medium such as liquid or gas
3.4
no arcing on-load tap-changer
on-load tap-changer without generation of arcing when breaking and making the load and circulating currents (such as electronic type or thyristor mechanical hybrid type), the tap-changer itself being placed in a different medium such as liquid or gas
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Service conditions
5 Technical requirements for on-load tap-changers
6 Requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for on-load tap-changers
7 Technical requirements for de-energized tap-changers
8 Technical requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for de-energized tap-changers
9 Nameplate
10 De-energized tap-changer warning label
11 Manufacturers operating instructions
Annex A (Informative) Technical differences between this part and IEC 60214-1: 2014 and their reasons
Annex B (Normative) Supplementary information on switching duty relating to resistor type tap-changers
Annex C (Normative) Supplementary information on switching duty relating to reactor type tap-changers
Annex D (Informative) Example of a synthetic test circuit for service duty test of vacuum type tap-changers
Annex E (Informative) Simulated AC test circuits for service duty and breaking capacity tests
Annex F (Normative) Method for determining the equivalent temperature of the transition resistor using power pulse current
Annex G (Informative) Test voltage levels for on-load tap-changer and off-circuit tap-changer in IEC 60214-1: 2014
Annex H (Informative) Working principle of no arcing on-load tap-changers
Annex I (Informative) Special tests for on-load tap-changers
Annex J (Informative) Performance requirements and test methods for electronic controllers (displays)
Bibliography
Figure 1 Short-circuit test current (r.m.s. value) as a multiple of the maximum rated through-current (on-load tap-changer)
Figure 2 Time sequence for the application of test voltage (on-load tap-changer)
Figure 3 Short-circuit test current as a multiple of the maximum rated through-current (de-energized tap-changer)
Figure 4 Time sequence for the application of test voltage (de-energized tap-changer)
Figure 5 Warning label
Figure B.1 Examples of current and voltage vectors for resistor type tap-changers
Figure C.1 Operating sequence of reactor type tap-changers with selector switch
Figure C.2 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch
Figure C.3 Operating sequence of reactor type tap-changers with selector switch and equalizer windings
Figure C.4 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch and equalizer windings
Figure C.5 Operating sequence of a reactor type tap-changer with diverter switch and tap selector
Figure C.6 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with diverter switch and tap selector
Figure C.7 Operating sequence of a reactor type tap-changer with vacuum interrupter (vacuum tube) and tap selector
Figure C.8 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with vacuum interrupter (vacuum tube) and tap selector
Figure D.1 Synthetic test circuit for service duty test of vacuum type tap-changers
Figure D.2 Currents of the synthetic test circuit
Figure D.3 Example of the synthetic test for a switching operation with equal voltages for breaking and making duty
Figure E.1 Simulated test circuit - Transformer method
Figure E.2 Simulated test circuit - Resistance method
Figure E.3 Simulated test circuit - Opposition method
Figure E.4 Simulation of test circuit - Resonance method
Figure H.1 Thyristor series voltage regulation device
Figure H.2 Working principle diagram of electronic on-load tap-changer
Figure H.3 Working principle diagram of thyristor mechanical hybrid on-load tap-changer
Figure H.4 Basic circuit of thyristor auxiliary contact
Figure H.5 Working principle of double resistance transition thyristor mechanical hybrid on-load tap-changer
Table 1 Temperature of tap-changer environment
Table 2 Contact temperature-rise limits for on-load tap-changers
Table 3 Test voltage levels for on-load tap-changers
Table 4 Contact temperature-rise limits for de-energized tap-changers
Table 5 Test voltage levels for de-energized tap-changers
Table A.1 Technical differences between this part and IEC 60214-1: 2014 and their reasons
Table B.1 Duty of main and transition contacts for resistor type tap-changers (non-vacuum type)
Table B.2 Effect of load power-factor on circuit-breaking duty for resistor type tap-changers (non-vacuum type)
Table B.3 Duty of main contacts and transition contacts of resistor type tap-changers (vacuum type)
Table C.1 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch - Switching direction from P1 to P5
Table C.2 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch and equalizer windings - Switching direction from P1 to P5
Table C.3 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with diverter switch and tap selector - Switching direction from P1 to P7
Table C.4 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with vacuum interrupter and tap selector - Switching direction from P1 to P11
Table G.1 Test voltage levels for on-load tap-changer and off-circuit tap-changer in IEC 60214-1: 2014
Table J.1 Environmental adaptability requirements of controllers (displays)
Table J.2 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements of controllers
Table J.3 Withstand voltage dig, short interruption and voltage variation requirements
Table J.4 Requirements for impulse withstand voltage of controllers (displays)
Table J.5 Electrical insulation clearance and creepage distance of controllers (displays)
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 10230 specifies the terms and definitions, service conditions, technical requirements for on-load tap-changers, technical requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for on-load tap-changers, technical requirements for de-energized tap-changers, technical requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for de-energized tap-changers, nameplates, de-energized tap-changer warning label, and manufacturers operating instructions.
This part applies to on-load tap-changers of both resistor and reactor types, de-energized tap-changers, and their motor-drive mechanisms.
This part applies to tap-changers immersed in mineral insulating oil according to GB 2536 but may also be used for tap-changers with air or gas insulation or immersed in other insulating liquids insofar as conditions are applicable.
This part applies mainly to on-load tap-changers with arcing contacts but may also be used for no arcing on-load tap-changers (such as electronic switching) insofar as conditions are applicable.
This part applies to the tap-changers for power and distribution transformers of all types and also to reactors.
This part does not apply to tap-changers for traction transformers and traction reactors, and capacity-regulating tap-changers for capacity-regulating transformers.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1094.7 Power transformers - Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers (GB/T 1094.7-2008; IEC 60076-7: 2005, MOD)
GB 2536 Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear (GB 2536-2011; IEC 60296: 2003, MOD)
GB/T 2900.95 Electrotechnical terminology - transformers,voltage regulators and reactors (GB/T 2900.95-2015; IEC 60050-421: 1990, NEQ)
GB/T 4109 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1,000V (GB/T 4109-2008; IEC 60137 Ed.6.0, MOD)
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure(IP code) (GB/T 4208-2017; IEC 60529: 2013, IDT)
GB/T 7354 High-voltage test techniques - Partial discharge measurements (GB/T 7354-2018; IEC 60270: 2000, MOD)
GB/T 10230.2 Tap-changers - Part 2: Application guide (GB/T 10230.2-2007; IEC 60214-2: 2004, MOD)
GB/T 16927.1 High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements (GB/T 16927.1-2011; IEC 60060-1: 2010, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.95 and the following apply.
3.1
on-load tap-changer; OLTC
device for changing the tap connections of a winding, suitable for operation while the transformer is energized or on load
Note: On-load tap-changers are sometimes called load tap-changers (LTC).
3.2
non-vacuum type on-load tap-changer
on-load tap-changer with contacts that break and make the load and circulating currents and where the arcing takes place in a liquid or gas, the tap-changer itself being placed in liquid or gas
This definition does not apply to no arcing on-load tap-changers.
3.3
vacuum type on-load tap-changer
on-load tap-changer where vacuum interrupters (vacuum tube) break and make the load and circulating currents, the tap-changer itself being placed in a different medium such as liquid or gas
3.4
no arcing on-load tap-changer
on-load tap-changer without generation of arcing when breaking and making the load and circulating currents (such as electronic type or thyristor mechanical hybrid type), the tap-changer itself being placed in a different medium such as liquid or gas
Contents of GB/T 10230.1-2019
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Service conditions
5 Technical requirements for on-load tap-changers
6 Requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for on-load tap-changers
7 Technical requirements for de-energized tap-changers
8 Technical requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for de-energized tap-changers
9 Nameplate
10 De-energized tap-changer warning label
11 Manufacturers operating instructions
Annex A (Informative) Technical differences between this part and IEC 60214-1: 2014 and their reasons
Annex B (Normative) Supplementary information on switching duty relating to resistor type tap-changers
Annex C (Normative) Supplementary information on switching duty relating to reactor type tap-changers
Annex D (Informative) Example of a synthetic test circuit for service duty test of vacuum type tap-changers
Annex E (Informative) Simulated AC test circuits for service duty and breaking capacity tests
Annex F (Normative) Method for determining the equivalent temperature of the transition resistor using power pulse current
Annex G (Informative) Test voltage levels for on-load tap-changer and off-circuit tap-changer in IEC 60214-1: 2014
Annex H (Informative) Working principle of no arcing on-load tap-changers
Annex I (Informative) Special tests for on-load tap-changers
Annex J (Informative) Performance requirements and test methods for electronic controllers (displays)
Bibliography
Figure 1 Short-circuit test current (r.m.s. value) as a multiple of the maximum rated through-current (on-load tap-changer)
Figure 2 Time sequence for the application of test voltage (on-load tap-changer)
Figure 3 Short-circuit test current as a multiple of the maximum rated through-current (de-energized tap-changer)
Figure 4 Time sequence for the application of test voltage (de-energized tap-changer)
Figure 5 Warning label
Figure B.1 Examples of current and voltage vectors for resistor type tap-changers
Figure C.1 Operating sequence of reactor type tap-changers with selector switch
Figure C.2 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch
Figure C.3 Operating sequence of reactor type tap-changers with selector switch and equalizer windings
Figure C.4 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch and equalizer windings
Figure C.5 Operating sequence of a reactor type tap-changer with diverter switch and tap selector
Figure C.6 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with diverter switch and tap selector
Figure C.7 Operating sequence of a reactor type tap-changer with vacuum interrupter (vacuum tube) and tap selector
Figure C.8 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with vacuum interrupter (vacuum tube) and tap selector
Figure D.1 Synthetic test circuit for service duty test of vacuum type tap-changers
Figure D.2 Currents of the synthetic test circuit
Figure D.3 Example of the synthetic test for a switching operation with equal voltages for breaking and making duty
Figure E.1 Simulated test circuit - Transformer method
Figure E.2 Simulated test circuit - Resistance method
Figure E.3 Simulated test circuit - Opposition method
Figure E.4 Simulation of test circuit - Resonance method
Figure H.1 Thyristor series voltage regulation device
Figure H.2 Working principle diagram of electronic on-load tap-changer
Figure H.3 Working principle diagram of thyristor mechanical hybrid on-load tap-changer
Figure H.4 Basic circuit of thyristor auxiliary contact
Figure H.5 Working principle of double resistance transition thyristor mechanical hybrid on-load tap-changer
Table 1 Temperature of tap-changer environment
Table 2 Contact temperature-rise limits for on-load tap-changers
Table 3 Test voltage levels for on-load tap-changers
Table 4 Contact temperature-rise limits for de-energized tap-changers
Table 5 Test voltage levels for de-energized tap-changers
Table A.1 Technical differences between this part and IEC 60214-1: 2014 and their reasons
Table B.1 Duty of main and transition contacts for resistor type tap-changers (non-vacuum type)
Table B.2 Effect of load power-factor on circuit-breaking duty for resistor type tap-changers (non-vacuum type)
Table B.3 Duty of main contacts and transition contacts of resistor type tap-changers (vacuum type)
Table C.1 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch - Switching direction from P1 to P5
Table C.2 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch and equalizer windings - Switching direction from P1 to P5
Table C.3 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with diverter switch and tap selector - Switching direction from P1 to P7
Table C.4 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with vacuum interrupter and tap selector - Switching direction from P1 to P11
Table G.1 Test voltage levels for on-load tap-changer and off-circuit tap-changer in IEC 60214-1: 2014
Table J.1 Environmental adaptability requirements of controllers (displays)
Table J.2 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements of controllers
Table J.3 Withstand voltage dig, short interruption and voltage variation requirements
Table J.4 Requirements for impulse withstand voltage of controllers (displays)
Table J.5 Electrical insulation clearance and creepage distance of controllers (displays)
