Standard No.:	GB/T 10230.1-2019
English Name:	Tap-changers—Part 1：Performance requirements and test methods
Chinese Name:	分接开关 第1部分：性能要求和试验方法
Chinese Classification:	K41    Transformer
Professional Classification:	GB    National Standard
Issued by:	SAMR and SAMR
Issued on:	2019-12-31
Implemented on:	2020-7-1
Status:	valid
Superseding:	GB/T 10230.1-2007
Language:	English
File Format:	PDF
Word Count:	40000 words
Price(USD):	1200.0
Delivery:	via email in 1 business day

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. GB/T 10230 consists of the following two parts under the general title Tap-changer: ——Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods; ——Part 2: Application guide. This part is Part 1 of GB/T 10230. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 10230.1-2009 Tap-changers - Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods and the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 10230.1-2007: ——The terms and definitions of vacuum type on-load tap-changer and no arcing on-load tap-changer are added (see clause 3); ——The load test requirements and test methods for vacuum type on-load tap-changer are added (see clause 5); ——The partial discharge test requirements and test methods for tap-changers are modified (see clauses 5 and 7); ——The insulation withstand voltage test values in Tables 3 and 5 are adjusted (see clauses 5 and 7). This part is modified in relation to IEC 60214-1: 2014 Tap-changers - Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods. This part includes technical changes with respect to IEC 60214-1：2014. The clauses and subclauses concerned are identified by a vertical single line (|) located in the blank on its external margin of the page. These technical changes and reasons are listed in Annex A. The following editorial changes have been made in this part: ——3.5 in IEC is adjusted as 3.6 in this part, and the contents of the note are adjusted. ——3.6 in IEC is adjusted as 3.7 in this part, and the contents of the note are adjusted; ——The Note 3 in IEC, Table 1 is deleted; ——The "Note 2: It is unnecessary to subject the tap-changer without separate liquid compartment or gas compartment to tightness test” is added in 5.2.1; ——The "Note 3: Reference may be made to GB/T 14048.1 and GB/T 7251.1 for the selection of test leads” is added in 5.2.2; ——The "Note: The short-circuit current multiple of the on-load tap-changers for distribution transformer is the reciprocal of the short-circuit impedance of the distribution transformer” is added in 5.2.4; ——Table 3 in IEC, 5.2.8.1 is moved to 5.2.8.3; ——"Note: see Annex H for working principle and characteristics of arcing-free tap-changer" is added in 5.2.9; ——The content of note in IEC, 6.1.12 is deleted; ——The second paragraph in IEC, 6.2.1 is changed from the text to the content of the note; ——The "Note: The short-circuit current multiple of the de-energized tap-changers for distribution transformer is the reciprocal of the short-circuit impedance of the distribution transformer” is added in 7.2.3; ——7.3.2 and 7.3.2 of IEC are adjusted as 7.3.2 and 7.3.3 of this part; —— In 8.2.1, the second paragraph of IEC is changed from text to note; and "Note: See Annex J for the technical requirements of controller (or display)” is added; ——Annexes A, B, C, D, and E of IEC are adjusted as Annexes B, C, F, E (with E.4 compensation method and E.5 resonance method added) and D respectively, and Annex G to Annex J are added; ——The bibliography is readjusted. This part was proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association. This part is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 44 National Technical Committee on Transformers of Standardization Administration of China. The previous edition of this part are as follows: ——GB 10230.1-1988 and GB/T 10230.1-2007. Tap-changers - Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods 1 Scope This part of GB/T 10230 specifies the terms and definitions, service conditions, technical requirements for on-load tap-changers, technical requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for on-load tap-changers, technical requirements for de-energized tap-changers, technical requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for de-energized tap-changers, nameplates, de-energized tap-changer warning label, and manufacturers operating instructions. This part applies to on-load tap-changers of both resistor and reactor types, de-energized tap-changers, and their motor-drive mechanisms. This part applies to tap-changers immersed in mineral insulating oil according to GB 2536 but may also be used for tap-changers with air or gas insulation or immersed in other insulating liquids insofar as conditions are applicable. This part applies mainly to on-load tap-changers with arcing contacts but may also be used for no arcing on-load tap-changers (such as electronic switching) insofar as conditions are applicable. This part applies to the tap-changers for power and distribution transformers of all types and also to reactors. This part does not apply to tap-changers for traction transformers and traction reactors, and capacity-regulating tap-changers for capacity-regulating transformers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 1094.7 Power transformers - Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers (GB/T 1094.7-2008; IEC 60076-7: 2005, MOD) GB 2536 Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear (GB 2536-2011; IEC 60296: 2003, MOD) GB/T 2900.95 Electrotechnical terminology - transformers,voltage regulators and reactors (GB/T 2900.95-2015; IEC 60050-421: 1990, NEQ) GB/T 4109 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1,000V (GB/T 4109-2008; IEC 60137 Ed.6.0, MOD) GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure(IP code) (GB/T 4208-2017; IEC 60529: 2013, IDT) GB/T 7354 High-voltage test techniques - Partial discharge measurements (GB/T 7354-2018; IEC 60270: 2000, MOD) GB/T 10230.2 Tap-changers - Part 2: Application guide (GB/T 10230.2-2007; IEC 60214-2: 2004, MOD) GB/T 16927.1 High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements (GB/T 16927.1-2011; IEC 60060-1: 2010, MOD) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.95 and the following apply. 3.1 on-load tap-changer; OLTC device for changing the tap connections of a winding, suitable for operation while the transformer is energized or on load Note: On-load tap-changers are sometimes called load tap-changers (LTC). 3.2 non-vacuum type on-load tap-changer on-load tap-changer with contacts that break and make the load and circulating currents and where the arcing takes place in a liquid or gas, the tap-changer itself being placed in liquid or gas This definition does not apply to no arcing on-load tap-changers. 3.3 vacuum type on-load tap-changer on-load tap-changer where vacuum interrupters (vacuum tube) break and make the load and circulating currents, the tap-changer itself being placed in a different medium such as liquid or gas   3.4 no arcing on-load tap-changer on-load tap-changer without generation of arcing when breaking and making the load and circulating currents (such as electronic type or thyristor mechanical hybrid type), the tap-changer itself being placed in a different medium such as liquid or gas 3.5 tap selector device designed to carry, but not to make or break, current, used in conjunction with a diverter switch to select tap connections 3.6 diverter switch switching device used in conjunction with a tap selector to carry, make and break currents in circuits which have already been selected Note: The tap-changer composed of diverter switch and tap selector is also called combined on-load tap-changer. 3.7 selector switch switching device capable of carrying, making and breaking current, combining the duties of a tap selector and a diverter switch Notes: 1 In non-vacuum type selector switches the selection of tap connections (tap selector duty) and the diversion of the through-current (diverter switch duty) are carried out by the same contacts. 2 In vacuum type selector switches the selection of tap connections (tap selector duty) and the diversion of the through-current (diverter switch duty) are carried out by different contacts. 3 Selector switches are also called compound on-load tap-changers.   3.8 de-energized tap-changer; DETC device for changing the tap connections of a winding, suitable for operation only while the transformer is de-energized Notes: 1 DETC are sometimes called OCTC. 2 DETC are sometimes abbreviated as DTC。 3.9 change-over selector device designed to carry, but not to make or break, current, used in conjunction with the tap selector or selector switch to enable its contacts and the connected taps to be used more than once when moving from one extreme position to the other 3.10 coarse change-over selector change-over selector connecting the tap winding to either the main winding or the coarse winding or parts thereof 3.11 reversing change-over selector change-over selector connecting either end of the tap winding to the main winding 3.12 transition impedance resistor or reactor consisting of one or more units bridging the tap in use and the tap next to be used, for the purpose of transferring load from one tap to the other without interruption or appreciable change in the load current, at the same time limiting the circulating current for the period that both taps are used   Note: For reactor type tap-changers, the transition impedance (reactor) is commonly called a preventive auto transformer. Reactor type tap-changers normally use the bridging position as a service position (mid-point or centre tapped reactor tap-changers) and, therefore, the reactor is designed for continuous operation. 3.13 preventive auto transformer auto transformer (or centre tapped reactor) used in on-load tap-changing and regulating transformers, or step voltage regulators to limit the circulating current when operating on a position in which two adjacent taps are bridged, or during the change of tap between adjacent positions 3.14 equalizer winding winding on the same magnetic circuit as the excitation and tap winding of a reactor type regulating transformer with approximately half the number of turns of each tap section 3.15 drive mechanism means by which the drive to the tap-changer is actuated Note: The mechanism may include an independent means of storing energy to control the operation. 3.16 set of contacts pair of individual fixed and moving contacts or a combination of such pairs operating substantially simultaneously 3.17 diverter switch and selector switch main contacts (resistor type tap-changer) set of through-current carrying contacts which usually by-passes the main switching contact and only commutates any current (sparking often occurs)   3.18 diverter switch and selector switch main switching contacts (resistor type tap-changer) set of contacts which has no transition resistor between the transformer winding and the contacts and makes and breaks current (arcing will occur) Note: In case of vacuum type tap-changers, these contact systems are replaced by vacuum interrupters (vacuum tube). 3.19 diverter switch and selector switch transition contacts (resistor type tap-changer) set of contacts which is connected in series with a transition resistor and makes or breaks current (arcing will occur) Note: In case of vacuum type tap-changers, these contact systems are replaced by vacuum interrupters (vacuum tube). 3.20 transfer contacts (reactor type tap-changer) set of contacts that makes or breaks current Note: Where by-pass contacts are not provided, the transfer contact is a continuous current-carrying contact. 3.21 by-pass contacts (reactor type tap-changer) set of through-current carrying contacts that commutates the current to the transfer contacts without any arc (sparking may occur) 3.22 bridging position position of a reactor type tap-changer with the selector and transfer contacts being on two adjacent taps and with the output terminal being electrically in the middle between two adjacent taps 3.23 non-bridging position position of a reactor type tap-changer with the selector and transfer contacts being on the same tap 3.24 circulating current that part of the current that flows through the transition impedance at the time when two taps are momentarily bridged during a tap-change operation for a resistor type tap-changer or when bridged in an operating position for a reactor type tap-changer Note: The circulating current is due to the voltage difference between the taps. 3.25 switched current prospective current to be broken during switching operation by each set of main switching or transition contacts (resistor type tap-changer) or transfer contacts (reactor type tap-changer) incorporated in the diverter switch or the selector switch 3.26 recovery voltage power-frequency voltage which appears across each set of main switching or transition contacts (resistor type tap-changer) or transfer contacts (reactor type tap-changer) of the diverter switch or selector switch after these contacts have broken the switched current 3.27 tap-change operation complete sequence of events from the initiation to the completion of a tap-change from one service tap position to an adjacent position   3.28 cycle of operation movement of the tap-changer from one end of its range to the other end and then return to its original position 3.29 rated insulation level withstand values of the impulse and applied voltages to earth, and where appropriate between earth and phase, and between those parts where insulation is required 3.30 rated through-current Ir current flowing through a tap-changer towards the external circuit, which the apparatus is capable of transferring from one tap to the other at the relevant rated step voltage and which can be carried continuously while meeting the requirements of this part 3.31 maximum rated through-current Irm highest rated through-current for which the tap-changer is designed for and all the current related tests are based on 3.32 rated step voltage Uir for each value of rated through-current, the highest permissible voltage between terminals which are intended to be connected to successive taps of the transformer   3.33 relevant rated step voltage highest step voltage permitted in connection with a given rated through-current 3.34 maximum rated step voltage Uirm highest value of the rated step voltage for which the tap-changer is designed 3.35 rated frequency frequency of the alternating current for which the tap-changer is designed 3.36 number of inherent tap positions highest number of tap positions for half a cycle of operation for which a tap-changer can be used according to its design Note: The term “tap positions” is generally given as the ± value of the relevant number, for example, ±11 positions. They are in principle also valid for the motor-driven mechanism. When using a “number of tap positions” in connection with a transformer, this always refers to the number of service tap positions of the transformer. 3.37 number of service tap positions number of tap positions for half a cycle of operation for which a tap-changer is used in the transformer Note: The term “tap positions” is generally given as the ± value of the relevant number, for example, ±11 positions. They are in principle also valid for the motor-driven mechanism. When using a “number of tap positions” in connection with a transformer, this always refers to the number of service tap positions of the transformer. 3.38 type test test made on a tap-changer which is representative of other tap-changers, to demonstrate that these tap-changers comply with the specified requirements not covered by the routine tests: a tap-changer is considered to be representative of others if it is built to the same drawings using the same techniques and same materials Notes: 1 In general a type test can be carried out on a tap-changer or the components of a tap-changer or a family of tap-changers or components. 2 A family of tap-changers is a number of tap-changers based on the same design and having the same characteristics, with the exception of the insulation levels to earth and possibly between phases, the number of steps and in the case of OLTCs the value of the transition impedance. 3 Design variations that are clearly irrelevant to a particular type test would not require that type test to be repeated. 4 Design variations that cause a reduction in values and stresses relevant to a particular type test do not require a particular type test if accepted by the purchaser and the manufacturer. 3.39 routine test test to which each individual tap-changer is subjected Note: In general a routine test can be carried out on a tap-changer or the components of a tap-changer. 3.40 motor-drive mechanism driving mechanism which incorporates an electric motor and a control circuit 3.41 step-by-step control of a motor-drive mechanism device for stopping the motor-drive mechanism after completion of a tap-change, independently of the operating sequence of the control switch 3.42 tap position indicator device for indicating the tap position of the tap-changer 3.43 tap-change in progress indicator device for indicating that the motor-drive mechanism is running 3.44 limit switches device for preventing operation of the tap-changer beyond either end position, but allowing operation in the opposite direction 3.45 mechanical end stop device which physically prevents operation of the tap-changer beyond either end position, but allows operation in the opposite direction 3.46 parallel control devices control device to move, in the case of parallel operation of several transformers with taps, all tap-changers to the required position and to avoid divergence of the respective motor-drive mechanisms Note: Such devices would be necessary also in the case of single-phase transformers forming a three-phase bank when each single-phase tap-changer is fitted with its own motor-drive mechanisms. 3.47 emergency tripping device device for stopping the motor-drive mechanism at any time in such a way that a special action has to be performed before the next tap-change operation can be started 3.48 overcurrent blocking device device for preventing or interrupting operation of the motor-drive mechanism for the period in which an overcurrent exceeding a pre-set value is flowing in the transformer winding Note: Where diverter or selector switches are actuated by spring energy systems, interruption of the operation of the motor-drive mechanism will not prevent operation of the diverter or selector switch if the spring release has been actuated. 3.49 restarting device device designed to restart the motor-drive mechanism after an interruption of the supply voltage to complete a tap-change operation already initiated 3.50 operation counter device for indicating the number of tap-changes accomplished 3.51 manual operation of a motor-drive mechanism operation of the tap-changer manually by a device, blocking at the same time operation by the electric motor 3.52 motor-drive cubicle cubicle that houses the motor-drive mechanism   3.53 protective device against running-through device that stops the motor-drive mechanism in case of a failure of the step-by-step control circuit which would cause the motor-drive mechanism to run through several tap positions 3.54 class I tap-changer tap-changer only suitable for use at the neutral point of windings 3.55 class II tap-changer tap-changer suitable for use at any position in the windings other than the neutral point of windings 3.56 in-tank tap-changer tap-changer mounted inside the main transformer tank and immersed in the insulating liquid of the transformer Note: See GB/T 10230.2 for further details. 3.57 compartment type tap-changer tap-changer with its own housing mounted outside the main transformer tank and immersed in its own insulating liquid Note: See GB/T 10230.2 for further details.   3.58 gas immersed tap-changer tap-changer mounted inside the main tank of the gas filled type transformer or in a container outside the main tank and immersed in the insulating gas Note: Usually the insulating gas is SF6 . 3.59 air insulated tap-changer tap-changer where the insulation medium is the air at atmospheric pressure Note: This kind of tap-changer is usually mounted to a dry-type transformer and does not need its own container, which is simply called dry-type tap-changer. 3.60 highest voltage for equipment Um highest r.m.s. phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system for which a tap-changer is designed with respect to its insulation

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Service conditions 5 Technical requirements for on-load tap-changers 6 Requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for on-load tap-changers 7 Technical requirements for de-energized tap-changers 8 Technical requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for de-energized tap-changers 9 Nameplate 10 De-energized tap-changer warning label 11 Manufacturers operating instructions Annex A (Informative) Technical differences between this part and IEC 60214-1: 2014 and their reasons Annex B (Normative) Supplementary information on switching duty relating to resistor type tap-changers Annex C (Normative) Supplementary information on switching duty relating to reactor type tap-changers Annex D (Informative) Example of a synthetic test circuit for service duty test of vacuum type tap-changers Annex E (Informative) Simulated AC test circuits for service duty and breaking capacity tests Annex F (Normative) Method for determining the equivalent temperature of the transition resistor using power pulse current Annex G (Informative) Test voltage levels for on-load tap-changer and off-circuit tap-changer in IEC 60214-1: Annex H (Informative) Working principle of no arcing on-load tap-changers Annex I (Informative) Special tests for on-load tap-changers Annex J (Informative) Performance requirements and test methods for electronic controllers (displays) Bibliography Figure 1 Short-circuit test current (r.m.s. value) as a multiple of the maximum rated through-current (on-load tap-changer) Figure 2 Time sequence for the application of test voltage (on-load tap-changer) Figure 3 Short-circuit test current as a multiple of the maximum rated through-current (de-energized tap-changer) Figure 4 Time sequence for the application of test voltage (de-energized tap-changer) Figure 5 Warning label Figure B.1 Examples of current and voltage vectors for resistor type tap-changers Figure C.1 Operating sequence of reactor type tap-changers with selector switch Figure C.2 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch Figure C.3 Operating sequence of reactor type tap-changers with selector switch and equalizer windings Figure C.4 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch and equalizer windings Figure C.5 Operating sequence of a reactor type tap-changer with diverter switch and tap selector Figure C.6 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with diverter switch and tap selector Figure C.7 Operating sequence of a reactor type tap-changer with vacuum interrupter (vacuum tube) and tap selector Figure C.8 Current and voltage vectors for reactor type tap-changers with vacuum interrupter (vacuum tube) and tap selector Figure D.1 Synthetic test circuit for service duty test of vacuum type tap-changers Figure D.2 Currents of the synthetic test circuit Figure D.3 Example of the synthetic test for a switching operation with equal voltages for breaking and making duty Figure E.1 Simulated test circuit - Transformer method Figure E.2 Simulated test circuit - Resistance method Figure E.3 Simulated test circuit - Opposition method Figure E.4 Simulation of test circuit - Resonance method Figure H.1 Thyristor series voltage regulation device Figure H.2 Working principle diagram of electronic on-load tap-changer Figure H.3 Working principle diagram of thyristor mechanical hybrid on-load tap-changer Figure H.4 Basic circuit of thyristor auxiliary contact Figure H.5 Working principle of double resistance transition thyristor mechanical hybrid on-load tap-changer Table 1 Temperature of tap-changer environment Table 2 Contact temperature-rise limits for on-load tap-changers Table 3 Test voltage levels for on-load tap-changers Table 4 Contact temperature-rise limits for de-energized tap-changers Table 5 Test voltage levels for de-energized tap-changers Table A.1 Technical differences between this part and IEC 60214-1: 2014 and their reasons Table B.1 Duty of main and transition contacts for resistor type tap-changers (non-vacuum type) Table B.2 Effect of load power-factor on circuit-breaking duty for resistor type tap-changers (non-vacuum type) Table B.3 Duty of main contacts and transition contacts of resistor type tap-changers (vacuum type) Table C.1 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch - Switching direction from P1 to P Table C.2 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with selector switch and equalizer windings - Switching direction from P1 to P Table C.3 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with diverter switch and tap selector - Switching direction from P1 to P Table C.4 Duty of switching contacts for reactor type tap-changers with vacuum interrupter and tap selector - Switching direction from P1 to P Table G.1 Test voltage levels for on-load tap-changer and off-circuit tap-changer in IEC 60214-1: Table J.1 Environmental adaptability requirements of controllers (displays) Table J.2 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements of controllers Table J.3 Withstand voltage dig, short interruption and voltage variation requirements Table J.4 Requirements for impulse withstand voltage of controllers (displays) Table J.5 Electrical insulation clearance and creepage distance of controllers (displays)