1 Scope
This document provides specifications for vibration and balance limits for ventilation fans for all applications, except for ventilation fans specifically designed for air circulation, such as ceiling and table fans, but limited to all types of ventilation fans with an installed capacity of less than 300 kW or motors with a maximum power of 355 kW commercially available (following the R20 series), for ventilation fans with a power exceeding this value, the applicable limits are given in ISO 10816-3; where the power of the ventilator to be installed varies between 300 kW and more and is an item under a single contract, the manufacturer and the purchaser shall agree on the applicable standard, usually by majority opinion of the participating parties.
Vibration data may be required for different applications, as detailed in chapter 5. If the customer is willing to accept lower quality balanced vibration levels see Appendix H.
This document recognises that vibration measurements can be recorded as velocity, acceleration or displacement in absolute units or in decibels based on a reference value; the value of the vibration measurement will be influenced by the actual installation on the balancing machine (see Appendix B), however the preferred parameter is velocity in millimetres per second (mm/s), given in root mean square (r.m.s) and bee-peaks or peaks, given the different customs around the world; It should also be remembered that the ventilator and its components can be considered as a spring-mass system and an understanding of this can help in solving most vibration problems (see Appendix D).
At the same time, it has been taken into account that ventilators are often not connected to the ductwork when tested in the factory, which results in significantly different pneumatic conditions compared to normal operation; also, temporary foundation supports may be used, which have different mass product stiffnesses than those used in the field, and accordingly, such tests provide for vibration measurements in a "narrow band"; field tests The "wide band" is specified, which represents a measure of the overall vibration intensity.
This document covers ventilator equipment with rigid rotors, commonly used in: commercial heating, ventilation and air conditioning, industrial processes, mining/tunnel ventilation and power generation; other areas are not specifically excluded; c applications where severe stresses, shocks or temperature extremes are not included, the use of any part or all of this document or its amendments is subject to agreement between the parties.
The foundation and actual installation of the ventilator equipment is outside the scope of this document, as the foundation design and installation of the ventilator is not normally undertaken by the ventilator manufacturer, and it is fully assumed that the foundation used to install the ventilator will provide the required support and stability to meet the vibration evaluation guidelines for ventilators arriving from the factory.
Other factors, such as impeller cleanliness, aerodynamic condition, background vibration, operating speeds different from those intended, and ventilator maintenance, may affect ventilator vibration levels but are outside the scope of this document.
This document is intended to cover only the balance and vibration of ventilators and does not consider the effects of vibration on personnel, equipment or processes.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document by means of normative references in the text. Among them, note the date of the reference documents, only the date of the corresponding version applies to this document; do not note the date of the reference documents, the latest version (including all the revision of the list) applies to this document.
GB/T9239.1-2006 Mechanical Vibration - Balance Quality Requirements for Stationary (Rigid) Rotors - Part 1: Specification and Inspection of Balance Tolerance (ISO 1940-1; 2003, 1DT)
ISO 254 Belt drives - Pulleys - Quality finish and bal ance
ISO 4863 Flexible shaft couplings - Information to be supplied by users and manufacturers
ISO 5348 Mechanical vibration and shock - Mechanical
GB/T 41973-2022/ISO 14694:2003 mounting of accelerometers)
Note: GB/T 14412-2005 Mechanical Installation of Mechanical Vibration and Impact Accelerometers (ISO 5348:1998, IDT)
ISO 5801 Fans - Performance testing using standardized airways
Note: GB/T 1236-2017 Performance Test of Industrial Fans and Standardized Ducts (ISO 5801: 2007, IDT)
ISO 10816-3 Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration on non rotating parts Part 3: Industrial machines with rated power greater than 15 kW and rated speed between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min measured in the field (Mechanical vibration - Evalua-tion of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts - Part 3: Industrial machines withnominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measuredin situ)
Note: GB/T 6075.3-2011 Mechanical Vibration Measurement and Evaluation of Machine Vibration on Non rotating Parts, Part 3: Industrial Machines with Rated Power greater than 15 kW and Rated Speed between 120 r/min and 15000 r/min Measured on Site (ISO 10816-3.2009.IDT)
ISO 13348 Industrial fans - Tolerances, methods of conversion and technical data presentation
ISO 14695:2003 Industrial fans - Method of measurement off vibration
ISO 21940-11 Mechanical vibration - Rotor balancing - Part 11: Procedures and tolerances for rotors with rigid behavior
Note: GB/T 9239.1-2006 Mechanical Vibration - Balance Quality of Constant (Rigid) Rotors - Part 1: Specification and Inspection of Balance Tolerance (ISO 1940-1, 2003, IDT)
3 Terminology and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
4 Symbols and units
The following symbols apply to this document.
5 Purpose of the test
Before any vibration test is carried out, it is desirable that the information required regarding the purpose of the test is clearly defined and agreed upon by all parties involved.
6 Classification of applications for balance and vibration (category BV)
The design/construction of the ventilator and the circumstances in which it is designed are important criteria for classifying many types of ventilators with respect to their application and meaningful balance quality classes and vibration levels.
The classification is given in Table 1 in a compilation of the application categories of ventilation fans according to the acceptable balance and vibration limits and the purpose for which they may be placed in use.
7 Balancing
7.1 Overview
The manufacturer of the ventilator is responsible for balancing the ventilator-impeller assembly to acceptable commercial standards; this document is based on ISO 21940-11 and is balanced on a special balancing machine with high sensitivity, the accuracy of the balancing machine should be assessed in accordance with the requirements for residual unbalance allowed.
7.2 Balancing quality classes
The following balancing quality classes apply to ventilator impellers. Ventilator manufacturers may add other rotating parts (shafts, couplings, grooved pulleys/pulleys, etc.) to a rotating assembly to be balanced together. Alternatively, balancing of individual components can be requested. The balancing requirements for couplings and pulleys are described in ISO 4863 and ISO 254.
8 Ventilator vibration
8.1 Measurement requirements
8.1.1 Overview
Figures 1 to 4 illustrate some of the possible locations and orientations for taking vibration readings on each ventilator bearing, other locations may be relevant for vibration measurements on the foundation or ventilator flange (see ISO 14695), the values shown in Table 4 are based on readings taken perpendicular to the axis of rotation; the number and location of test readings for factory or field operation are to be determined by the ventilator manufacturer or in consultation with the It is recommended that measurements be taken on the bearings of the impeller shaft or, if this is not feasible, that the signal collector be mounted on the shortest direct mechanical path between the sensor and the bearings; when a continuous mechanical path is not available, the sensor should not be mounted on an unsupported panel, ventilator casing, guard, flange or other part of the ventilator unless it is necessary to give information on the transmission of vibration to the duct and/or foundation (see ISO 14695). (see ISO 14695 and ISO 5348).
Horizontal data should be read in a radial direction at right angles to the ventilator shaft, vertical data should be read at right angles to the ventilator shaft and perpendicular to the horizontal reading, and axial data should be read in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft (rotor's).
9 Other rotating parts
Accessory rotating parts that can affect the vibration level of a ventilator include drive wheels, belts, couplings and motors/drives. When a ventilator is ordered from the manufacturer as a bare unit (i.e. the manufacturer does not supply the drive and/or motor or, if supplied, does not take responsibility for installation), it is not always practical for the manufacturer to carry out a final test run of the vibration level of the complete unit, and therefore, although the manufacturer has carried out impeller balancing, until the drive and/or drive is connected to the ventilator shaft and the unit is tested for vibration level in the start-up condition, the user It is not possible to determine whether the complete ventilator unit is running smoothly.
Balancing adjustments are often required to reduce vibration levels to start-up levels; it is recommended that all new BV-3, BV-4 and BV-5 ventilator units undergo a final complete test run prior to operational commissioning to establish a baseline for future predictive maintenance work.
The manufacturer of the ventilator cannot be held responsible for vibration effects caused by the addition of drive components after the factory test run; for more information on the balance quality class of components or vibration, see the relevant references listed in chapter Peal.
10 Instrumentation and calibration
10.1 Instrumentation
The instrumentation and balancing machine used should meet the requirements of the task and be within the current calibration period, see ISO 1940-1:1986, Chapter 8; the calibration interval of the instrumentation should be determined in accordance with the recommendations of the instrumentation manufacturer and the instrumentation should be in good condition and suitable to perform the required functions for the entire test period.
The person operating the instrument shall be familiar with the instrument and have sufficient experience to detect possible instrument malfunction or degradation in time; when the instrument requires corrective action or calibration, he shall be withdrawn from work until the corrective action has been completed.
10.2 Calibration
All instruments shall be calibrated to known standards, the complexity of which varies from physical inspection to complete calibration; the use of traceable weights that have been calibrated to determine residual unbalance, as described in ISO 1940-1;1986, 8.3, is an accepted method of calibrating instruments.
11 Records
11.1 Balancing
Appendix A (informative) Relationships between vibrational displacement, velocity and acceleration for sinusoidal motion
Appendix B (informative) Assembly guidelines for balancing on a balancing machine
Appendix C (informative) Sources of vibration
Appendix D (informative) Equations of vibration
Appendix E (Informative) Vibration and Support
Appendix F (informative) Unbalance and bearing response
Appendix G (informative) Condition monitoring and diagnostic guidelines
Appendix H (informative) Relief recommendations for specified classes and levels
Bibliography
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terminology and definitions
4 Symbols and units
5 Purpose of the test
6 Classification of applications for balance and vibration (category BV)
7 Balancing
8 Ventilator vibration
9 Other rotating parts
10 Instrumentation and calibration
11 Records
Appendix A (informative) Relationships between vibrational displacement, velocity and acceleration for sinusoidal motion
Appendix B (informative) Assembly guidelines for balancing on a balancing machine
Appendix C (informative) Sources of vibration
Appendix D (informative) Equations of vibration
Appendix E (Informative) Vibration and Support
Appendix F (informative) Unbalance and bearing response
Appendix G (informative) Condition monitoring and diagnostic guidelines
Appendix H (informative) Relief recommendations for specified classes and levels
Bibliography
1 Scope
This document provides specifications for vibration and balance limits for ventilation fans for all applications, except for ventilation fans specifically designed for air circulation, such as ceiling and table fans, but limited to all types of ventilation fans with an installed capacity of less than 300 kW or motors with a maximum power of 355 kW commercially available (following the R20 series), for ventilation fans with a power exceeding this value, the applicable limits are given in ISO 10816-3; where the power of the ventilator to be installed varies between 300 kW and more and is an item under a single contract, the manufacturer and the purchaser shall agree on the applicable standard, usually by majority opinion of the participating parties.
Vibration data may be required for different applications, as detailed in chapter 5. If the customer is willing to accept lower quality balanced vibration levels see Appendix H.
This document recognises that vibration measurements can be recorded as velocity, acceleration or displacement in absolute units or in decibels based on a reference value; the value of the vibration measurement will be influenced by the actual installation on the balancing machine (see Appendix B), however the preferred parameter is velocity in millimetres per second (mm/s), given in root mean square (r.m.s) and bee-peaks or peaks, given the different customs around the world; It should also be remembered that the ventilator and its components can be considered as a spring-mass system and an understanding of this can help in solving most vibration problems (see Appendix D).
At the same time, it has been taken into account that ventilators are often not connected to the ductwork when tested in the factory, which results in significantly different pneumatic conditions compared to normal operation; also, temporary foundation supports may be used, which have different mass product stiffnesses than those used in the field, and accordingly, such tests provide for vibration measurements in a "narrow band"; field tests The "wide band" is specified, which represents a measure of the overall vibration intensity.
This document covers ventilator equipment with rigid rotors, commonly used in: commercial heating, ventilation and air conditioning, industrial processes, mining/tunnel ventilation and power generation; other areas are not specifically excluded; c applications where severe stresses, shocks or temperature extremes are not included, the use of any part or all of this document or its amendments is subject to agreement between the parties.
The foundation and actual installation of the ventilator equipment is outside the scope of this document, as the foundation design and installation of the ventilator is not normally undertaken by the ventilator manufacturer, and it is fully assumed that the foundation used to install the ventilator will provide the required support and stability to meet the vibration evaluation guidelines for ventilators arriving from the factory.
Other factors, such as impeller cleanliness, aerodynamic condition, background vibration, operating speeds different from those intended, and ventilator maintenance, may affect ventilator vibration levels but are outside the scope of this document.
This document is intended to cover only the balance and vibration of ventilators and does not consider the effects of vibration on personnel, equipment or processes.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document by means of normative references in the text. Among them, note the date of the reference documents, only the date of the corresponding version applies to this document; do not note the date of the reference documents, the latest version (including all the revision of the list) applies to this document.
GB/T9239.1-2006 Mechanical Vibration - Balance Quality Requirements for Stationary (Rigid) Rotors - Part 1: Specification and Inspection of Balance Tolerance (ISO 1940-1; 2003, 1DT)
ISO 254 Belt drives - Pulleys - Quality finish and bal ance
ISO 4863 Flexible shaft couplings - Information to be supplied by users and manufacturers
ISO 5348 Mechanical vibration and shock - Mechanical
GB/T 41973-2022/ISO 14694:2003 mounting of accelerometers)
Note: GB/T 14412-2005 Mechanical Installation of Mechanical Vibration and Impact Accelerometers (ISO 5348:1998, IDT)
ISO 5801 Fans - Performance testing using standardized airways
Note: GB/T 1236-2017 Performance Test of Industrial Fans and Standardized Ducts (ISO 5801: 2007, IDT)
ISO 10816-3 Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration on non rotating parts Part 3: Industrial machines with rated power greater than 15 kW and rated speed between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min measured in the field (Mechanical vibration - Evalua-tion of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts - Part 3: Industrial machines withnominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measuredin situ)
Note: GB/T 6075.3-2011 Mechanical Vibration Measurement and Evaluation of Machine Vibration on Non rotating Parts, Part 3: Industrial Machines with Rated Power greater than 15 kW and Rated Speed between 120 r/min and 15000 r/min Measured on Site (ISO 10816-3.2009.IDT)
ISO 13348 Industrial fans - Tolerances, methods of conversion and technical data presentation
ISO 14695:2003 Industrial fans - Method of measurement off vibration
ISO 21940-11 Mechanical vibration - Rotor balancing - Part 11: Procedures and tolerances for rotors with rigid behavior
Note: GB/T 9239.1-2006 Mechanical Vibration - Balance Quality of Constant (Rigid) Rotors - Part 1: Specification and Inspection of Balance Tolerance (ISO 1940-1, 2003, IDT)
3 Terminology and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
4 Symbols and units
The following symbols apply to this document.
5 Purpose of the test
Before any vibration test is carried out, it is desirable that the information required regarding the purpose of the test is clearly defined and agreed upon by all parties involved.
6 Classification of applications for balance and vibration (category BV)
The design/construction of the ventilator and the circumstances in which it is designed are important criteria for classifying many types of ventilators with respect to their application and meaningful balance quality classes and vibration levels.
The classification is given in Table 1 in a compilation of the application categories of ventilation fans according to the acceptable balance and vibration limits and the purpose for which they may be placed in use.
7 Balancing
7.1 Overview
The manufacturer of the ventilator is responsible for balancing the ventilator-impeller assembly to acceptable commercial standards; this document is based on ISO 21940-11 and is balanced on a special balancing machine with high sensitivity, the accuracy of the balancing machine should be assessed in accordance with the requirements for residual unbalance allowed.
7.2 Balancing quality classes
The following balancing quality classes apply to ventilator impellers. Ventilator manufacturers may add other rotating parts (shafts, couplings, grooved pulleys/pulleys, etc.) to a rotating assembly to be balanced together. Alternatively, balancing of individual components can be requested. The balancing requirements for couplings and pulleys are described in ISO 4863 and ISO 254.
8 Ventilator vibration
8.1 Measurement requirements
8.1.1 Overview
Figures 1 to 4 illustrate some of the possible locations and orientations for taking vibration readings on each ventilator bearing, other locations may be relevant for vibration measurements on the foundation or ventilator flange (see ISO 14695), the values shown in Table 4 are based on readings taken perpendicular to the axis of rotation; the number and location of test readings for factory or field operation are to be determined by the ventilator manufacturer or in consultation with the It is recommended that measurements be taken on the bearings of the impeller shaft or, if this is not feasible, that the signal collector be mounted on the shortest direct mechanical path between the sensor and the bearings; when a continuous mechanical path is not available, the sensor should not be mounted on an unsupported panel, ventilator casing, guard, flange or other part of the ventilator unless it is necessary to give information on the transmission of vibration to the duct and/or foundation (see ISO 14695). (see ISO 14695 and ISO 5348).
Horizontal data should be read in a radial direction at right angles to the ventilator shaft, vertical data should be read at right angles to the ventilator shaft and perpendicular to the horizontal reading, and axial data should be read in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft (rotor's).
9 Other rotating parts
Accessory rotating parts that can affect the vibration level of a ventilator include drive wheels, belts, couplings and motors/drives. When a ventilator is ordered from the manufacturer as a bare unit (i.e. the manufacturer does not supply the drive and/or motor or, if supplied, does not take responsibility for installation), it is not always practical for the manufacturer to carry out a final test run of the vibration level of the complete unit, and therefore, although the manufacturer has carried out impeller balancing, until the drive and/or drive is connected to the ventilator shaft and the unit is tested for vibration level in the start-up condition, the user It is not possible to determine whether the complete ventilator unit is running smoothly.
Balancing adjustments are often required to reduce vibration levels to start-up levels; it is recommended that all new BV-3, BV-4 and BV-5 ventilator units undergo a final complete test run prior to operational commissioning to establish a baseline for future predictive maintenance work.
The manufacturer of the ventilator cannot be held responsible for vibration effects caused by the addition of drive components after the factory test run; for more information on the balance quality class of components or vibration, see the relevant references listed in chapter Peal.
10 Instrumentation and calibration
10.1 Instrumentation
The instrumentation and balancing machine used should meet the requirements of the task and be within the current calibration period, see ISO 1940-1:1986, Chapter 8; the calibration interval of the instrumentation should be determined in accordance with the recommendations of the instrumentation manufacturer and the instrumentation should be in good condition and suitable to perform the required functions for the entire test period.
The person operating the instrument shall be familiar with the instrument and have sufficient experience to detect possible instrument malfunction or degradation in time; when the instrument requires corrective action or calibration, he shall be withdrawn from work until the corrective action has been completed.
10.2 Calibration
All instruments shall be calibrated to known standards, the complexity of which varies from physical inspection to complete calibration; the use of traceable weights that have been calibrated to determine residual unbalance, as described in ISO 1940-1;1986, 8.3, is an accepted method of calibrating instruments.
11 Records
11.1 Balancing
Appendix A (informative) Relationships between vibrational displacement, velocity and acceleration for sinusoidal motion
Appendix B (informative) Assembly guidelines for balancing on a balancing machine
Appendix C (informative) Sources of vibration
Appendix D (informative) Equations of vibration
Appendix E (Informative) Vibration and Support
Appendix F (informative) Unbalance and bearing response
Appendix G (informative) Condition monitoring and diagnostic guidelines
Appendix H (informative) Relief recommendations for specified classes and levels
Bibliography
Contents of GB/T 41973-2022
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terminology and definitions
4 Symbols and units
5 Purpose of the test
6 Classification of applications for balance and vibration (category BV)
7 Balancing
8 Ventilator vibration
9 Other rotating parts
10 Instrumentation and calibration
11 Records
Appendix A (informative) Relationships between vibrational displacement, velocity and acceleration for sinusoidal motion
Appendix B (informative) Assembly guidelines for balancing on a balancing machine
Appendix C (informative) Sources of vibration
Appendix D (informative) Equations of vibration
Appendix E (Informative) Vibration and Support
Appendix F (informative) Unbalance and bearing response
Appendix G (informative) Condition monitoring and diagnostic guidelines
Appendix H (informative) Relief recommendations for specified classes and levels
Bibliography
