Foreword
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
Guidelines for safety design of lithium ion batteries
1 Scope
This document provides guidance related to the safety characteristics in the design of lithium ion batteries, and gives suggestions to improve the safety characteristics of products from the aspects of cells, protection circuits, materials and components, thermal design, fire protection and installation.
This document is applicable to the design of lithium ion batteries, without distinguishing between application fields.
2 Normative references
No normative reference is listed in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
cell manufacturer
manufacturer of lithium ion cell
3.2
battery manufacturer
manufacturer that assembles cells into batteries
Note: In some cases, the battery manufacturer may also be a cell manufacturer.
3.3
lithium ion cell
device that realizes mutual conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy by lithium ion moving between positive and negative electrodes, and is designed to be rechargeable
Note 1: The device usually includes electrodes, diaphragms, electrolytes, containers and terminals.
Note 2: Hereinafter referred to as cell.
3.4
module
configuration in which multiple cells are connected in series or in parallel and for which protective devices [such as fuses or positive temperature coefficient thermistors (PTC)] and monitoring circuits may or may not be provided
[Source: IEC 62619:2017, 3.9]
3.5
battery protection circuit module; PCM
battery management unit; BMU
battery management system; BMS
circuit board, circuit module or electronic system to protect the safety of cells whose core function is to control the charge and discharge behavior of batteries
Note 1: Usually, in the application field of simple portable products, a separate battery protection circuit module is used to protect cells, while in the component modules of complex battery systems, a battery management unit is used to manage cells in modules, and a battery management system is used to manage and protect cells in complex battery systems such as power batteries of new energy vehicles.
Note 2: Complex battery management system may include battery voltage, temperature and current measurement, energy balance, SOC calculation and display, abnormal alarm, charge and discharge management, communication, etc.
4 General rules of design
Product designers shall first consider the safety of products when carrying out the overall design of products, that is, provide acceptable protection measures for maintenance personnel or users, so as to avoid personal injury or property loss caused by expected use or reasonable foreseeable misuse by maintenance personnel or users. In case of a conflict between other factors of the product, such as safety and economic benefits, safety requirements are given priority. The hazards caused by the lithium ion cells and batteries are: leakage, fire, explosion, etc.
In determining the design of a cell or battery, the following priorities need to be followed:
——Firstly, if possible, give priority to materials with high safety performance and avoid materials prone to thermal runaway;
——Secondly, if the above-mentioned principle cannot be implemented, it is necessary to design protective devices to reduce or eliminate the possibility of hazards;
——Finally, if the above schemes and other measures cannot completely avoid the occurrence of hazards, marks and instructions shall be adopted for the residual hazards.
When necessary, double protection or even multilevel protection is used for electrical safety protection of cells (over voltage charge, over current charge, low voltage discharge, overload, external short circuit, etc.).
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General rules of design
5 Marking and warning instructions
5.1 Marking requirements and warning instructions
5.2 Durability
6 Cell
6.1 Selection of cell
6.2 Selection of cell capacity
6.3 Uniformity of cells
6.4 Number of cells
6.5 Cell gap
6.6 Cell safety
6.7 Cell appearance
7 Protective circuit
7.1 General
7.2 Voltage management
7.3 Current management
7.4 Temperature management
7.5 Uniformity management
7.6 Multilevel protection
7.7 Protection reliability
7.8 Other considerations
8 Components and materials
8.1 Installation of overcharge and overdischarge protection device
8.2 Connection of connectors/connecting pieces
8.3 Terminal and connection design
8.4 Fastener
8.5 Temperature sensor
8.6 Wiring
8.7 Material
9 Thermal design for safety
9.1 Thermal protection design
9.2 Position of cell in battery
9.3 Position of battery in equipment
10 Fire protection design
10.1 Flame retardance of material
10.2 Fire spread protection design
11 Installation
11.1 Prevention of mechanical damage
11.2 Prevention of fall damage
11.3 Embedded in other equipment
11.4 Installation direction
Bibliography
Standard
GB/T 42728-2023 Guidelines for safety design of lithium ion batteries (English Version)
Standard No.
GB/T 42728-2023
Status
valid
Language
English
File Format
PDF
Word Count
7500 words
Price(USD)
190.0
Implemented on
2024-3-1
Delivery
via email in 1~3 business day
Detail of GB/T 42728-2023
Standard No.
GB/T 42728-2023
English Name
Guidelines for safety design of lithium ion batteries
Foreword
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
Guidelines for safety design of lithium ion batteries
1 Scope
This document provides guidance related to the safety characteristics in the design of lithium ion batteries, and gives suggestions to improve the safety characteristics of products from the aspects of cells, protection circuits, materials and components, thermal design, fire protection and installation.
This document is applicable to the design of lithium ion batteries, without distinguishing between application fields.
2 Normative references
No normative reference is listed in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
cell manufacturer
manufacturer of lithium ion cell
3.2
battery manufacturer
manufacturer that assembles cells into batteries
Note: In some cases, the battery manufacturer may also be a cell manufacturer.
3.3
lithium ion cell
device that realizes mutual conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy by lithium ion moving between positive and negative electrodes, and is designed to be rechargeable
Note 1: The device usually includes electrodes, diaphragms, electrolytes, containers and terminals.
Note 2: Hereinafter referred to as cell.
3.4
module
configuration in which multiple cells are connected in series or in parallel and for which protective devices [such as fuses or positive temperature coefficient thermistors (PTC)] and monitoring circuits may or may not be provided
[Source: IEC 62619:2017, 3.9]
3.5
battery protection circuit module; PCM
battery management unit; BMU
battery management system; BMS
circuit board, circuit module or electronic system to protect the safety of cells whose core function is to control the charge and discharge behavior of batteries
Note 1: Usually, in the application field of simple portable products, a separate battery protection circuit module is used to protect cells, while in the component modules of complex battery systems, a battery management unit is used to manage cells in modules, and a battery management system is used to manage and protect cells in complex battery systems such as power batteries of new energy vehicles.
Note 2: Complex battery management system may include battery voltage, temperature and current measurement, energy balance, SOC calculation and display, abnormal alarm, charge and discharge management, communication, etc.
4 General rules of design
Product designers shall first consider the safety of products when carrying out the overall design of products, that is, provide acceptable protection measures for maintenance personnel or users, so as to avoid personal injury or property loss caused by expected use or reasonable foreseeable misuse by maintenance personnel or users. In case of a conflict between other factors of the product, such as safety and economic benefits, safety requirements are given priority. The hazards caused by the lithium ion cells and batteries are: leakage, fire, explosion, etc.
In determining the design of a cell or battery, the following priorities need to be followed:
——Firstly, if possible, give priority to materials with high safety performance and avoid materials prone to thermal runaway;
——Secondly, if the above-mentioned principle cannot be implemented, it is necessary to design protective devices to reduce or eliminate the possibility of hazards;
——Finally, if the above schemes and other measures cannot completely avoid the occurrence of hazards, marks and instructions shall be adopted for the residual hazards.
When necessary, double protection or even multilevel protection is used for electrical safety protection of cells (over voltage charge, over current charge, low voltage discharge, overload, external short circuit, etc.).
Contents of GB/T 42728-2023
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General rules of design
5 Marking and warning instructions
5.1 Marking requirements and warning instructions
5.2 Durability
6 Cell
6.1 Selection of cell
6.2 Selection of cell capacity
6.3 Uniformity of cells
6.4 Number of cells
6.5 Cell gap
6.6 Cell safety
6.7 Cell appearance
7 Protective circuit
7.1 General
7.2 Voltage management
7.3 Current management
7.4 Temperature management
7.5 Uniformity management
7.6 Multilevel protection
7.7 Protection reliability
7.8 Other considerations
8 Components and materials
8.1 Installation of overcharge and overdischarge protection device
8.2 Connection of connectors/connecting pieces
8.3 Terminal and connection design
8.4 Fastener
8.5 Temperature sensor
8.6 Wiring
8.7 Material
9 Thermal design for safety
9.1 Thermal protection design
9.2 Position of cell in battery
9.3 Position of battery in equipment
10 Fire protection design
10.1 Flame retardance of material
10.2 Fire spread protection design
11 Installation
11.1 Prevention of mechanical damage
11.2 Prevention of fall damage
11.3 Embedded in other equipment
11.4 Installation direction
Bibliography
