GB/T 44257.1-2024 Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part 1: Safety requirements
Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part 1: Safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for cells, packs, or systems of traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery, and describes the relevant test methods.
This document is applicable to the manufacturing of traction lithium-ion batteries of electric earth-moving machinery, and may also serve as a reference for the manufacturing of other types of traction batteries.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2423.4 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test method - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12h+12h cycle)
GB/T 2423.17 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ka: Salt mist
GB/T 2423.43 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Mounting of specimens for vibration impact and similar dynamic tests
GB/T 2423.56 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 28046.4-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 4: Climatic loads
GB 38031 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
GB/T 44254 Electric earth-moving machinery - Terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 38031 and GB/T 44254 and the following apply.
3.1
electric earth-moving machinery; EEMM
earth-moving machinery whose operating energy is entirely or partially provided by electrical energy
Note 1: Operating energy refers to the energy required for the operation of earth-moving machinery, including energy input, energy output, and intermediate energy conversion processes.
Note 2: The electrical energy comes from airborne rechargeable energy storage systems, fuel cells, generator devices, external wirings, or other external energy storage devices, etc.
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.1.1]
3.2
battery cell
basic unit device that converts chemical energy and electric energy to each other
Note: It generally consists of electrodes, diaphragms, electrolyte, housing and terminals, and is designed to be rechargeable. It is also known as a battery cell.
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.2.1.3.1]
3.3
battery pack
unit capable of obtaining external electric energy and outputting electric energy outwards
Note: It generally consists of battery cell or module, battery management system (excluding BCU), battery compartment and corresponding accessories (cooling components, connecting cables, etc.).
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.2.1.3.6]
3.4
battery system
energy storage device consisting of one or more battery pack(s) and corresponding accessories (battery management system, high voltage circuit, low voltage circuit, thermal management components, mechanical devices, etc.)
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.2.1.3.8]
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
I1: 1h rate discharge current (A), which is equal to the rated capacity.
I3: 3h rate discharge current (A), which is equal to 1/3 of the rated capacity.
4.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
BCU: battery control unit
FS: full scale
PSD: power spectral density
RMS: root mean square
SOC: state-of-charge
5 Safety requirements
5.1 Safety requirements for battery cell
5.1.1 After being subjected to overdischarge test in accordance with 8.1.2, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.2 After being subjected to overcharge test in accordance with 8.1.3, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.3 After being subjected to external short-circuit test in accordance with 8.1.4, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.4 After being subjected to heating test in accordance with 8.1.5, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.5 After being subjected to temperature cycling test in accordance with 8.1.6, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.6 After being subjected to extrusion test in accordance with 8.1.7, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.2 Safety requirements for battery pack or battery system
5.2.1 After being subjected to vibration test in accordance with 8.2.1, the battery pack or
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviations
5 Safety requirements
6 Test conditions
7 Test preparation
8 Test methods
Annex A (Normative) Thermal propagation test
Annex B (Informative) Typical configurations of battery pack or battery system
Annex C (Normative) Test method for insulation resistance of battery pack or battery system
Bibliography
Figure 1 Schematic diagram for one temperature cycling test
Figure 2 Random vibration test curve for battery pack or battery system of equipment
Figure 3 Schematic diagram for tolerance of mechanical shock pulse
Figure 4 Schematic diagram for tolerance of simulated crash pulse
Figure 5 Schematic diagram for extrusion plate form I
Figure 6 Schematic diagram of extrusion plate form II
Figure 7 Temperature and humidity cycling
Figure 8 Schematic diagram for external fire
Figure 9 Dimension and technical data of fire-resistant partition
Figure 10 Schematic diagram for temperature shock test
Figure 11 Salt mist test cycle
Figure A.1 Schematic diagram for outlet hole position of the battery cell top cover when triggered by internal heating
Figure A.2 Schematic diagram for heating device layout and connecting wire outlet
Figure A.3 Schematic diagram for position of temperature sensor when triggered by needling
Figure A.4 Schematic diagram for position of temperature sensor when triggered by external heating
Figure A.5 Schematic diagram for position of temperature sensor when triggered by internal heating
Figure B.1 Typical configuration of battery pack
Figure B.2 Typical configuration of battery system with integrated BCU
Figure B.3 Typical configuration of battery system with external integrated BCU
Figure C.1 Insulation resistance measurement - Step 1
Figure C.2 Insulation resistance measurement - Step 2
Table 1 Temperature and time for one temperature cycling test
Table 2 Vibration test conditions for battery pack or battery system
Table 3 Mechanical shock test parameters
Table 4 Tolerance of mechanical shock pulse
Table 5 Tolerance of simulated crash pulse
Table A.1 Detailed report of thermal propagation analysis and verification
Table A.2 Power selection of heating device
Table A.3 Specification and user guide for heating plate
GB/T 44257.1-2024 Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part 1: Safety requirements
Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part 1: Safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for cells, packs, or systems of traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery, and describes the relevant test methods.
This document is applicable to the manufacturing of traction lithium-ion batteries of electric earth-moving machinery, and may also serve as a reference for the manufacturing of other types of traction batteries.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2423.4 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test method - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12h+12h cycle)
GB/T 2423.17 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ka: Salt mist
GB/T 2423.43 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Mounting of specimens for vibration impact and similar dynamic tests
GB/T 2423.56 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 28046.4-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 4: Climatic loads
GB 38031 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
GB/T 44254 Electric earth-moving machinery - Terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 38031 and GB/T 44254 and the following apply.
3.1
electric earth-moving machinery; EEMM
earth-moving machinery whose operating energy is entirely or partially provided by electrical energy
Note 1: Operating energy refers to the energy required for the operation of earth-moving machinery, including energy input, energy output, and intermediate energy conversion processes.
Note 2: The electrical energy comes from airborne rechargeable energy storage systems, fuel cells, generator devices, external wirings, or other external energy storage devices, etc.
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.1.1]
3.2
battery cell
basic unit device that converts chemical energy and electric energy to each other
Note: It generally consists of electrodes, diaphragms, electrolyte, housing and terminals, and is designed to be rechargeable. It is also known as a battery cell.
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.2.1.3.1]
3.3
battery pack
unit capable of obtaining external electric energy and outputting electric energy outwards
Note: It generally consists of battery cell or module, battery management system (excluding BCU), battery compartment and corresponding accessories (cooling components, connecting cables, etc.).
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.2.1.3.6]
3.4
battery system
energy storage device consisting of one or more battery pack(s) and corresponding accessories (battery management system, high voltage circuit, low voltage circuit, thermal management components, mechanical devices, etc.)
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.2.1.3.8]
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
I1: 1h rate discharge current (A), which is equal to the rated capacity.
I3: 3h rate discharge current (A), which is equal to 1/3 of the rated capacity.
4.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
BCU: battery control unit
FS: full scale
PSD: power spectral density
RMS: root mean square
SOC: state-of-charge
5 Safety requirements
5.1 Safety requirements for battery cell
5.1.1 After being subjected to overdischarge test in accordance with 8.1.2, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.2 After being subjected to overcharge test in accordance with 8.1.3, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.3 After being subjected to external short-circuit test in accordance with 8.1.4, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.4 After being subjected to heating test in accordance with 8.1.5, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.5 After being subjected to temperature cycling test in accordance with 8.1.6, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.6 After being subjected to extrusion test in accordance with 8.1.7, the battery cell shall not catch fire or explode.
5.2 Safety requirements for battery pack or battery system
5.2.1 After being subjected to vibration test in accordance with 8.2.1, the battery pack or
Contents of GB/T 44257.1-2024
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviations
5 Safety requirements
6 Test conditions
7 Test preparation
8 Test methods
Annex A (Normative) Thermal propagation test
Annex B (Informative) Typical configurations of battery pack or battery system
Annex C (Normative) Test method for insulation resistance of battery pack or battery system
Bibliography
Figure 1 Schematic diagram for one temperature cycling test
Figure 2 Random vibration test curve for battery pack or battery system of equipment
Figure 3 Schematic diagram for tolerance of mechanical shock pulse
Figure 4 Schematic diagram for tolerance of simulated crash pulse
Figure 5 Schematic diagram for extrusion plate form I
Figure 6 Schematic diagram of extrusion plate form II
Figure 7 Temperature and humidity cycling
Figure 8 Schematic diagram for external fire
Figure 9 Dimension and technical data of fire-resistant partition
Figure 10 Schematic diagram for temperature shock test
Figure 11 Salt mist test cycle
Figure A.1 Schematic diagram for outlet hole position of the battery cell top cover when triggered by internal heating
Figure A.2 Schematic diagram for heating device layout and connecting wire outlet
Figure A.3 Schematic diagram for position of temperature sensor when triggered by needling
Figure A.4 Schematic diagram for position of temperature sensor when triggered by external heating
Figure A.5 Schematic diagram for position of temperature sensor when triggered by internal heating
Figure B.1 Typical configuration of battery pack
Figure B.2 Typical configuration of battery system with integrated BCU
Figure B.3 Typical configuration of battery system with external integrated BCU
Figure C.1 Insulation resistance measurement - Step 1
Figure C.2 Insulation resistance measurement - Step 2
Table 1 Temperature and time for one temperature cycling test
Table 2 Vibration test conditions for battery pack or battery system
Table 3 Mechanical shock test parameters
Table 4 Tolerance of mechanical shock pulse
Table 5 Tolerance of simulated crash pulse
Table A.1 Detailed report of thermal propagation analysis and verification
Table A.2 Power selection of heating device
Table A.3 Specification and user guide for heating plate
