Detail of GB/T 8190.4-2023

Introduction of GB/T 8190.4-2023

GB/T 8190.4-2023 Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 4: Steady-state and transient test cycles for different engine applications 1 Scope This document specifies the test cycles, the test procedures and the evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines coupled to a dynamometer. With certain restrictions, this document can also be used for measurements at site. The tests are carried out under steady-state and transient operation using test cycles which are representative of given applications. This document is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for on-road transport of passengers and goods. It can be applied to engines for non-road use, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 8190.1-2023 Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 1: Test-bed measurement systems of gaseous and particulate emissions (ISO 8178-1:2020, IDT) ISO 8178-5 Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 5: Test fuels Note: GB/T 8190.5-2019, Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 5: Test fuels (ISO 8178-5:2015, IDT) ASTM E29–06b Standard practice for using significant digits in test data to determine conformance with specifications 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 adjustment factors additive (upward adjustment factor and downward adjustment factor) or multiplicative factors to be used for engines equipped with emission controls, that are regenerated on an infrequent (periodic) basis 3.2 applicable emission limit emission limit to which an engine is subject 3.3 aqueous condensation precipitation of water-containing constituents from a gas phase to a liquid phase Note: Aqueous condensation is a function of humidity, pressure, temperature, and concentrations of other constituents such as sulphuric acid. These parameters vary as a function of engine intake-air humidity, dilution-air humidity, engine air-to-fuel ratio, and fuel composition - including the amount of hydrogen and sulphur in the fuel. 3.4 atmospheric pressure wet, absolute, atmospheric static pressure Note: If the atmospheric pressure is measured in a duct, negligible pressure losses shall be ensured between the atmosphere and the measurement location, and changes in the duct's static pressure resulting from the flow shall be accounted for. 3.5 calibration process of setting a measurement system's response so that its output agrees with a range of reference signals Note: Contrast with verification (3.78). 3.6 calibration gas purified gas mixture used to calibrate gas analysers meeting the specifications of GB/T 8190.1-2023, 9.2 Note: Calibration gases and span gases (3.65) are qualitatively the same, but differ in terms of their primary function. Various performance verification (3.78) checks for gas analysers and sample handling components might refer to either calibration gases or span gases. 3.7 certification process of obtaining a certificate of conformity 3.8 compression ignition engine CI engine engine that works on the compression-ignition principle 3.9 constant-speed engine engine whose type approval (3.76) or certification (3.7) is limited to constant-speed operation (3.10) Note: Engines whose constant-speed governor (3.29) function is removed or disabled are no longer constant-speed engines. 3.10 constant-speed operation engine operation with a governor (3.29) that automatically controls the operator demand (3.47) to maintain engine speed, even under changing load Note: Governors do not always maintain speed exactly constant. Typically, speed can decrease 0.1 % to 10 % below the speed at zero load, such that the minimum speed occurs near the engine's point of maximum power (3.39). 3.11 continuous regeneration regeneration process of an exhaust after-treatment system that occurs either in a sustained manner or at least once over the applicable transient test cycle or ramped-modal cycle; in contrast to infrequent (periodic) regeneration (3.33) 3.12 conversion efficiency of non-methane cutter conversion efficiency of NMC E efficiency of the conversion of an NMC that is used for the removal of the non-methane hydrocarbons from the sample gas by oxidizing all hydrocarbons (3.30) except methane Note: Ideally, the conversion for methane is 0 % (ECH4 = 0) and for the other hydrocarbons represented by ethane 100 % (EC2H6 = 100 %). For the accurate measurement of NMHC (3.44), the two efficiencies shall be determined and used for the calculation of the NMHC emission mass flow rate for methane and ethane. Contrast with penetration fraction (3.52). 3.13 delay time difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response of 10 % of the final reading (t10) with the sampling probe (3.54) being defined as the reference point Note: For the gaseous components, this is the transport time of the measured component from the sampling probe to the detector (see Figure 1). 3.14 deNOx system exhaust after-treatment system (3.22) designed to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) (3.48) Example: Passive and active lean NOx catalysts, NOx adsorbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. 3.15 dew point measure of humidity stated as the equilibrium temperature at which water condenses under a given pressure from moist air with a given absolute humidity Note: Dew point is specified as a temperature in °C or K, and is valid only for the pressure at which it is measured. 3.16 drift difference between a zero or calibration (3.5) signal and the respective value reported by a measurement instrument immediately after it was used in an emission test, as long as the instrument was zeroed (3.79) and spanned (3.64) just before the test 3.17 dual-fuel engine engine system that is designed to simultaneously operate with liquid fuel (3.36) and a gaseous fuel (3.26), both fuels being metered separately, where the consumed amount of one of the fuels relative to the other one may vary depending on the operation 3.18 emission-control system device, system, or element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine 3.19 engine family manufacturers grouping of engines which, through their design as defined in ISO 8178-7, have similar exhaust emission characteristics Note: All members of the family shall comply with the applicable emission limit (3.2) values. 3.20 engine governed speed engine operating speed when it is controlled by the installed governor (3.29) 3.21 engine type category of engines which do not differ in essential engine characteristics 3.22 exhaust after-treatment system catalyst, particulate filter, deNOx system (3.14), combined deNO x particulate filter or any other emission-reducing device that is installed downstream of the engine Note: This definition excludes exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) (3.23) and turbochargers, which are considered an integral part of the engine. 3.23 exhaust-gas recirculation EGR technology that reduces emissions by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or during combustion

Contents of GB/T 8190.4-2023