1 General
1.0.1 This specification is established to standardize and guide the design of underwater tunnels for highways.
1.0.2 This specification applies to new road underwater tunnels constructed by the drill and blast, shield, immersed tube and weir methods.
1.0.3 The overall design of a road underwater tunnel shall be based on its function, construction method and construction conditions, including horizontal and vertical layout, drainage and disaster prevention and rescue, and shall take into account factors such as tunnel construction and operational safety, construction risks, construction costs and operating costs.
1.0.4 The durability of the underwater tunnel structure shall be designed according to the design life and the level of environmental effects, and the design life of the main tunnel structure shall not be less than 100 years.
1.0.5 The tunnel design should implement relevant national technical and economic policies, do a good job in environmental protection, and actively and carefully adopt new technologies, materials, equipment and techniques.
1.0.6 In addition to the provisions of this Code, the design of road underwater tunnels shall conform to the provisions of the relevant national and industry standards in force.
2 Terminology and symbols
2.1 Terminology
3 Survey and measurement
3.1 General provisions
3.1.1 The survey and measurement of an underwater tunnel shall include data collection and investigation, surveying, geological survey and survey of the adjacent environmental conditions.
3.1.2 The survey phase of an underwater tunnel may be divided into pre-survey, engineering survey, preliminary survey and detailed survey, and the survey may be divided into pre-survey, preliminary survey and final survey. The division and depth requirements of the survey and measurement phases should be adapted to the design. Special surveys may be carried out for complex site conditions, special geological conditions and special requirements in the construction process during each survey stage.
3.1.3 The sub-sections shall be surveyed according to the following requirements, based on the geological conditions of the tunnel, the terrain, the adjacent environmental conditions and their relationship to the tunnel location:
1 The length of the sub-section shall be determined on the basis of the survey stage, the site conditions and the adjacent environmental conditions.
2 The classification of the site conditions and the classification of the adjacent environmental conditions shall be determined in accordance with Appendix A of this specification.
3 The length of the sub-section of the engineering survey shall be 1000-2000m, the preliminary survey shall be 500-1000m and the detailed survey shall be 100-500m.
3.1.4 The survey programme shall be developed according to the survey stage, tunnel method, geological conditions and site conditions classification, etc. The survey results shall meet the needs of the tunnel design.
3.2 Data collection and investigation
3.2.1 The content of the data collection and survey shall be determined according to the design stage, construction method and site conditions of the tunnel, and shall include information on socio-economic development, meteorological data, topographical data, geological data, hydrological data and information on the environmental conditions of the construction.
4 Construction materials
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 Construction materials for underwater tunnels shall be selected according to the type of structure, stress conditions, construction techniques, use requirements and the environment in which they are located, and shall meet the requirements of reliability, durability and economy, with concrete, reinforced concrete materials and steel preferred for the main stress structures, and other metallic or composite materials when restricted by conditions or special needs.
4.1.2 The choice of concrete raw materials and their proportions, minimum strength levels, impermeability indicators, etc. shall meet durability requirements and shall satisfy the need for crack, seepage, frost and corrosion resistance. The minimum strength grade of concrete for the main structure of the tunnel under general environmental conditions shall comply with the provisions of Table 4.1.2.
5 General design
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 The general design of the underwater tunnel shall consist mainly of the following elements:
1 Selection of the tunnel axis and the location of the cavern entrance.
2 design of the horizontal and vertical alignment of the tunnel and the connecting lines at both ends
3 Design of the cross-section of the tunnel.
4 Drainage system.
5 Ancillary works.
6 Selection of tunneling method.
7 Design of the tunnel for disaster prevention and rescue.
8 Tunnel construction planning.
6 Structural design
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 The structural design of the tunnel shall take into account the construction method, cross-sectional layout, geological conditions, construction techniques, burial depth, conditions of use and environmental conditions, and shall follow the principles of safety, durability, reliability, advanced technology and economic rationality in selecting the structural form and determining the structural parameters through engineering analogies and structural analysis calculations.
6.1.2 The structural solution shall be determined in accordance with the construction method and geological conditions of the underwater tunnel and shall comply with the following provisions:
1 Drill and blast tunnels shall be constructed with curved sidewall arch sections and concealed construction sections shall be lined with composite lining. The lining shall be provided with a back arch when the surrounding rock is graded as IV-VI or when the water seepage is large.
2 Shield tunnels should use circular sections; reinforced concrete prefabricated pipe sheets should be used, and steel pipe sheets should be used for special parts such as cross passage intersections.
3 Rectangular sections are preferred for immersed tube tunnels; prefabricated reinforced concrete pipe sections are preferred. 4 Cast-in-place reinforced concrete rectangular sections are preferred for weir-built tunnels.
6.1.3 The design of the underwater tunnel structure should reduce the adverse effects on the surrounding environment during the construction of the tunnel and after completion, and should take into account the effect of changes in the tunnel surroundings on the tunnel structure.
6.1.4 The calculation of the structure of an underwater tunnel should be based on the limit-state-based subfactor method, with strength, stiffness and stability calculated for the construction phase and the service phase respectively, and the deformation and crack width should be checked for the service phase.
7 Drill and blast tunnels
7.1 General provisions
7.1.1 Drill and blast tunnels shall be lined with a composite lining, the design parameters of which shall be determined on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the use requirements, geological conditions, depth of tunnel embedment, structural forces during construction and operation, environmental action levels, water seepage control requirements during operation, etc.
7.1.2 The design of the drainage prevention and control of drill and blast tunnels shall be based on the principle of "blocking as the main objective, limiting drainage as a supplement, multi-protection and comprehensive management" to ensure the normal use of the tunnel structure and operating equipment and the safety of traffic.
7.1.3 The size of the water pressure acting on the tunnel lining structure shall be determined by taking into account the depth of burial, geological conditions and the type of lining structure.
7.1.4 Reliable auxiliary construction measures shall be designed for drill and blast tunnels, and construction safety measures and emergency plans shall be designed for the risks that may arise during construction.
7.1.5 Underwater drill and blast tunnels should be designed with a pre-determined geological forecast based on pre-determined drilling and a comprehensive monitoring and measurement programme.
7.1.6 It is advisable to select representative sections of drill and blast tunnels for long-term monitoring of loads, environmental parameters, structural internal forces and deformations, and section outflows affecting structural safety to assess structural safety conditions.
8 Shield tunnels
8.1 General provisions
8.1.1 Shield tunnels should be reasonably determined in accordance with topographical, geological and environmental conditions, combined with the relevant technical requirements for tunnel construction, to determine the starting and arrival positions and the burial depth.
8.1.2 The level and longitudinal surface of the shield tunnel shall be drawn up in accordance with the topographical and geological conditions and hydrological conditions of the area, combined with the excavation method and mechanical performance of the shield equipment.
8.1.3 The waterproofing design of shield tunnels should take into account the structural characteristics, assembly methods and maintenance and replacement conditions of the tube pieces to determine the appropriate standard, reliable measures and economical and reasonable waterproofing design solutions, while meeting the structural durability requirements.
8.1.4 The layout of the shield tunnel workings and subsequent open cut sections shall be designed to meet the needs of the shield machine for lifting, assembly, initiation, boring, arrival and disassembly, and shall take into account the impact of the construction process on the surrounding environment.
8.1.5 It is advisable to adopt foundation reinforcement and water stopping measures in the vicinity of the shield tunnel start and arrival to ensure the stability of the digging attitude and excavation surface of the shield start and arrival section.
8.1.6 The shield equipment should be selected to meet the requirements of the tunnel stratigraphic conditions, the construction environment and the technical characteristics of the project, and specific technical requirements for the shield equipment should be put forward in relation to the project characteristics.
9 Immersed tube tunnels
9.1 General provisions
9.1.1 The planimetric and longitudinal design of the immersed tube tunnel shall take into account the mode of ventilation for tunnel operation, the type of tube section structure, the drainage prevention scheme, the joint construction, the foundation and foundation treatment, the connection structure with the two banks, the operational disaster prevention and rescue, the prefabrication and floating of the tube sections, etc., to meet the requirements of overall coordination and structural safety and durability.
10 Weir-built tunnels
10.1 General provisions
10.1.1 The burial depth and backfill design of weir tunnels shall take into account factors such as water depth, current status of the waterway, waterway planning, water conservation planning, water scour, structural flotation resistance, connection at both ends and project scale. The design of the open cut section of other method tunnels shall be in accordance with this chapter.
11 Ancillary works
12 Drainage systems
13 Traffic engineering facilities and disaster prevention and relief
14 Risk analysis
15 Structural safety monitoring
Appendix A Classification of Construction Conditions for Road Underwater Tunnels
Appendix B Environmental Action Grades for Road Underwater Tunnels
Appendix C Crack width calculations for reinforced concrete structural members
Appendix D Limit state calculations for load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete structural members
Appendix E Waterproofing classification of road underwater tunnel structures and requirements for protection
Appendix F Fire Fighting and Monitoring Facilities in Underwater Road Tunnels
Appendix G Criteria for determining the level of risk event losses
1 General
2 Terminology and symbols
3 Survey and measurement
4 Construction materials
5 General design
6 Structural design
7 Drill and blast tunnels
8 Shield tunnels
9 Immersed tube tunnels
10 Weir-built tunnels
11 Ancillary works
12 Drainage systems
13 Traffic engineering facilities and disaster prevention and relief
14 Risk analysis
15 Structural safety monitoring
Appendix A Classification of Construction Conditions for Road Underwater Tunnels
Appendix B Environmental Action Grades for Road Underwater Tunnels
Appendix C Crack width calculations for reinforced concrete structural members
Appendix D Limit state calculations for load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete structural members
Appendix E Waterproofing classification of road underwater tunnel structures and requirements for protection
Appendix F Fire Fighting and Monitoring Facilities in Underwater Road Tunnels
Appendix G Criteria for determining the level of risk event losses
Standard
JTG/T 3371-2022 Specifications for Design of Highway Underwater Tunnel (English Version)
Standard No.
JTG/T 3371-2022
Status
valid
Language
English
File Format
PDF
Word Count
112000 words
Price(USD)
3360.0
Implemented on
2022-6-1
Delivery
via email in 1~5 business day
Detail of JTG/T 3371-2022
Standard No.
JTG/T 3371-2022
English Name
Specifications for Design of Highway Underwater Tunnel
1 General
1.0.1 This specification is established to standardize and guide the design of underwater tunnels for highways.
1.0.2 This specification applies to new road underwater tunnels constructed by the drill and blast, shield, immersed tube and weir methods.
1.0.3 The overall design of a road underwater tunnel shall be based on its function, construction method and construction conditions, including horizontal and vertical layout, drainage and disaster prevention and rescue, and shall take into account factors such as tunnel construction and operational safety, construction risks, construction costs and operating costs.
1.0.4 The durability of the underwater tunnel structure shall be designed according to the design life and the level of environmental effects, and the design life of the main tunnel structure shall not be less than 100 years.
1.0.5 The tunnel design should implement relevant national technical and economic policies, do a good job in environmental protection, and actively and carefully adopt new technologies, materials, equipment and techniques.
1.0.6 In addition to the provisions of this Code, the design of road underwater tunnels shall conform to the provisions of the relevant national and industry standards in force.
2 Terminology and symbols
2.1 Terminology
3 Survey and measurement
3.1 General provisions
3.1.1 The survey and measurement of an underwater tunnel shall include data collection and investigation, surveying, geological survey and survey of the adjacent environmental conditions.
3.1.2 The survey phase of an underwater tunnel may be divided into pre-survey, engineering survey, preliminary survey and detailed survey, and the survey may be divided into pre-survey, preliminary survey and final survey. The division and depth requirements of the survey and measurement phases should be adapted to the design. Special surveys may be carried out for complex site conditions, special geological conditions and special requirements in the construction process during each survey stage.
3.1.3 The sub-sections shall be surveyed according to the following requirements, based on the geological conditions of the tunnel, the terrain, the adjacent environmental conditions and their relationship to the tunnel location:
1 The length of the sub-section shall be determined on the basis of the survey stage, the site conditions and the adjacent environmental conditions.
2 The classification of the site conditions and the classification of the adjacent environmental conditions shall be determined in accordance with Appendix A of this specification.
3 The length of the sub-section of the engineering survey shall be 1000-2000m, the preliminary survey shall be 500-1000m and the detailed survey shall be 100-500m.
3.1.4 The survey programme shall be developed according to the survey stage, tunnel method, geological conditions and site conditions classification, etc. The survey results shall meet the needs of the tunnel design.
3.2 Data collection and investigation
3.2.1 The content of the data collection and survey shall be determined according to the design stage, construction method and site conditions of the tunnel, and shall include information on socio-economic development, meteorological data, topographical data, geological data, hydrological data and information on the environmental conditions of the construction.
4 Construction materials
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 Construction materials for underwater tunnels shall be selected according to the type of structure, stress conditions, construction techniques, use requirements and the environment in which they are located, and shall meet the requirements of reliability, durability and economy, with concrete, reinforced concrete materials and steel preferred for the main stress structures, and other metallic or composite materials when restricted by conditions or special needs.
4.1.2 The choice of concrete raw materials and their proportions, minimum strength levels, impermeability indicators, etc. shall meet durability requirements and shall satisfy the need for crack, seepage, frost and corrosion resistance. The minimum strength grade of concrete for the main structure of the tunnel under general environmental conditions shall comply with the provisions of Table 4.1.2.
5 General design
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 The general design of the underwater tunnel shall consist mainly of the following elements:
1 Selection of the tunnel axis and the location of the cavern entrance.
2 design of the horizontal and vertical alignment of the tunnel and the connecting lines at both ends
3 Design of the cross-section of the tunnel.
4 Drainage system.
5 Ancillary works.
6 Selection of tunneling method.
7 Design of the tunnel for disaster prevention and rescue.
8 Tunnel construction planning.
6 Structural design
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 The structural design of the tunnel shall take into account the construction method, cross-sectional layout, geological conditions, construction techniques, burial depth, conditions of use and environmental conditions, and shall follow the principles of safety, durability, reliability, advanced technology and economic rationality in selecting the structural form and determining the structural parameters through engineering analogies and structural analysis calculations.
6.1.2 The structural solution shall be determined in accordance with the construction method and geological conditions of the underwater tunnel and shall comply with the following provisions:
1 Drill and blast tunnels shall be constructed with curved sidewall arch sections and concealed construction sections shall be lined with composite lining. The lining shall be provided with a back arch when the surrounding rock is graded as IV-VI or when the water seepage is large.
2 Shield tunnels should use circular sections; reinforced concrete prefabricated pipe sheets should be used, and steel pipe sheets should be used for special parts such as cross passage intersections.
3 Rectangular sections are preferred for immersed tube tunnels; prefabricated reinforced concrete pipe sections are preferred. 4 Cast-in-place reinforced concrete rectangular sections are preferred for weir-built tunnels.
6.1.3 The design of the underwater tunnel structure should reduce the adverse effects on the surrounding environment during the construction of the tunnel and after completion, and should take into account the effect of changes in the tunnel surroundings on the tunnel structure.
6.1.4 The calculation of the structure of an underwater tunnel should be based on the limit-state-based subfactor method, with strength, stiffness and stability calculated for the construction phase and the service phase respectively, and the deformation and crack width should be checked for the service phase.
7 Drill and blast tunnels
7.1 General provisions
7.1.1 Drill and blast tunnels shall be lined with a composite lining, the design parameters of which shall be determined on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the use requirements, geological conditions, depth of tunnel embedment, structural forces during construction and operation, environmental action levels, water seepage control requirements during operation, etc.
7.1.2 The design of the drainage prevention and control of drill and blast tunnels shall be based on the principle of "blocking as the main objective, limiting drainage as a supplement, multi-protection and comprehensive management" to ensure the normal use of the tunnel structure and operating equipment and the safety of traffic.
7.1.3 The size of the water pressure acting on the tunnel lining structure shall be determined by taking into account the depth of burial, geological conditions and the type of lining structure.
7.1.4 Reliable auxiliary construction measures shall be designed for drill and blast tunnels, and construction safety measures and emergency plans shall be designed for the risks that may arise during construction.
7.1.5 Underwater drill and blast tunnels should be designed with a pre-determined geological forecast based on pre-determined drilling and a comprehensive monitoring and measurement programme.
7.1.6 It is advisable to select representative sections of drill and blast tunnels for long-term monitoring of loads, environmental parameters, structural internal forces and deformations, and section outflows affecting structural safety to assess structural safety conditions.
8 Shield tunnels
8.1 General provisions
8.1.1 Shield tunnels should be reasonably determined in accordance with topographical, geological and environmental conditions, combined with the relevant technical requirements for tunnel construction, to determine the starting and arrival positions and the burial depth.
8.1.2 The level and longitudinal surface of the shield tunnel shall be drawn up in accordance with the topographical and geological conditions and hydrological conditions of the area, combined with the excavation method and mechanical performance of the shield equipment.
8.1.3 The waterproofing design of shield tunnels should take into account the structural characteristics, assembly methods and maintenance and replacement conditions of the tube pieces to determine the appropriate standard, reliable measures and economical and reasonable waterproofing design solutions, while meeting the structural durability requirements.
8.1.4 The layout of the shield tunnel workings and subsequent open cut sections shall be designed to meet the needs of the shield machine for lifting, assembly, initiation, boring, arrival and disassembly, and shall take into account the impact of the construction process on the surrounding environment.
8.1.5 It is advisable to adopt foundation reinforcement and water stopping measures in the vicinity of the shield tunnel start and arrival to ensure the stability of the digging attitude and excavation surface of the shield start and arrival section.
8.1.6 The shield equipment should be selected to meet the requirements of the tunnel stratigraphic conditions, the construction environment and the technical characteristics of the project, and specific technical requirements for the shield equipment should be put forward in relation to the project characteristics.
9 Immersed tube tunnels
9.1 General provisions
9.1.1 The planimetric and longitudinal design of the immersed tube tunnel shall take into account the mode of ventilation for tunnel operation, the type of tube section structure, the drainage prevention scheme, the joint construction, the foundation and foundation treatment, the connection structure with the two banks, the operational disaster prevention and rescue, the prefabrication and floating of the tube sections, etc., to meet the requirements of overall coordination and structural safety and durability.
10 Weir-built tunnels
10.1 General provisions
10.1.1 The burial depth and backfill design of weir tunnels shall take into account factors such as water depth, current status of the waterway, waterway planning, water conservation planning, water scour, structural flotation resistance, connection at both ends and project scale. The design of the open cut section of other method tunnels shall be in accordance with this chapter.
11 Ancillary works
12 Drainage systems
13 Traffic engineering facilities and disaster prevention and relief
14 Risk analysis
15 Structural safety monitoring
Appendix A Classification of Construction Conditions for Road Underwater Tunnels
Appendix B Environmental Action Grades for Road Underwater Tunnels
Appendix C Crack width calculations for reinforced concrete structural members
Appendix D Limit state calculations for load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete structural members
Appendix E Waterproofing classification of road underwater tunnel structures and requirements for protection
Appendix F Fire Fighting and Monitoring Facilities in Underwater Road Tunnels
Appendix G Criteria for determining the level of risk event losses
Contents of JTG/T 3371-2022
1 General
2 Terminology and symbols
3 Survey and measurement
4 Construction materials
5 General design
6 Structural design
7 Drill and blast tunnels
8 Shield tunnels
9 Immersed tube tunnels
10 Weir-built tunnels
11 Ancillary works
12 Drainage systems
13 Traffic engineering facilities and disaster prevention and relief
14 Risk analysis
15 Structural safety monitoring
Appendix A Classification of Construction Conditions for Road Underwater Tunnels
Appendix B Environmental Action Grades for Road Underwater Tunnels
Appendix C Crack width calculations for reinforced concrete structural members
Appendix D Limit state calculations for load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete structural members
Appendix E Waterproofing classification of road underwater tunnel structures and requirements for protection
Appendix F Fire Fighting and Monitoring Facilities in Underwater Road Tunnels
Appendix G Criteria for determining the level of risk event losses
