1.0.1. This standard is stipulated for the purpose of, during lighting designs of buildings, implementing national laws, codes, technical and economic policies, meeting requirements from buildings’ functions, facilitating production, working, study, life, physical and mental health, realizing technology advanced, feasibility economic, usage reliable and maintenance and administration convenient, as well as actualizing Green Lights.
1.0.2 This Standard is applicable to lighting design of new-built, rebuilt and extended housing, public and industrial buildings.
1.0.3. The lighting design of building, except for abiding by this standard, shall be in accordance with the current national standards and codes related.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Green Lights
“Green Lights” refers to such a kind of lighting as may save energy, protect environment, conduce to the improvement of production, working, learning efficiency and life quality, as well as maintain human spiritual and physical health. 2.0.2 Visual Task
“Visual Task” refers to the process of observing such details and objects as are presented in front of a background. 2.0.3 Luminous Flux
“Luminous Flux” refers to such a photometric receiver as is derived in accordance with the radiation function on observers of standard photometric. For photopic vision, there is:
(2.0.3)
Where,
- The spectral distribution of radiant flux;
- The spectral luminous efficiency;
- The maximum spectral luminous efficacy of radiation; unit: lumen per watt ( ). Under the condition of monochromatic radiation and photopic vision, equals (where , ).
The symbol hereof is , and the unit hereof is lumen ( ), .
2.0.4 Luminous Intensity
“Luminous Intensity” of an illuminant in a certain direction refers to the Luminous Flux per solid angle element ( ) in such a direction. The Luminous Flux per unit solid angle equals to the ratio of dФ to the solid angle element, namely:
(2.0.4)
The symbol hereof is and the unit hereof is candela ( ),
2.0.5 Luminance
It is an amount defined by the formula , that is the luminous intensity per projected area. Its formula is:
(2.0.5)
Where:
- Such Luminous Flux per solid angle (dΩ) as is transmitted by a beam from a set point and in an assigned direction;
- The cross-section area of the beam including the set point;
- The angle between the normal of the beam’s cross-section and the beam’s direction.
The symbol hereof is L and the unit hereof is candela per square meter ( ).
2.0.6 Illuminance
“Illuminance” of a point on a surface equals the quotient of Luminous Flux dф on such a surface element as includes the point to the area of the surface element (dA), namely:
(2.0.6)
The symbol hereof is and the unit hereof is ( ), .
2.0.7 Maintained Average Illuminance
The average Illuminance over a surface is requested not to be less than such a Maintained Average Illuminance as is the average Illuminance over a surface when lighting devices shall be maintained.
2.0.8 Reference Surface
”Reference Surface” refers to such a surface as is the reference during measurement or specification of Illuminance.
2.0.9 Working Plane
”Working Plane” refers to the plane where work will be done.
2.0.10 Luminance Contrast
“Luminance Contrast” equals the ratio of such a Luminance difference as is between the Recognized Objective and the background in the visual field to the background Luminance, namely:
(2.0.10)
Where:
- The Luminance Contrast;
- The Illuminance difference between the Recognized Objective and the background;
- The Luminance of the background.
2.0.11 Recognized Objective
“Recognized Objective” refers to recognized objects and details (e.g., recognized point, line, seam, stain, etc.).
2.0.12 Maintenance Factor
“Maintenance Factor” equals the ratio of such an average Illuminance or average Luminance as is over a surface of such lighting devices as have been used for a certain period of time to the average Illuminance or average Luminance of such new lighting devices as are installed on the same surface under the same conditions.
2.0.13 General Lighting
“General Lighting” refers to such a uniform lighting as is set for whole location.
2.0.14 Localized Lighting
“Localized Lighting” refers to such General Lighting in a certain location, including locations for working, as is with a special Illuminance.
2.0.15 Local Lighting
“Local Lighting” is designed for special visual working and is installed for lightening some local parts.
2.0.16 Mixed Lighting
“Mixed Lighting” consists of the General Lighting and the Local Lighting.
2.0.17 Normal Lighting
“Normal Lighting” refers to such a indoor or outdoor lighting as is utilized under normal conditions.
2.0.18 Emergency Lighting
“Emergency Lighting” refers to the lighting used when the power supply for Normal Lighting interrupts, including the Escape Lighting, the Safety Lighting, and the Stand-by Lighting.
2.0.19 Escape Lighting
As part of the Emergency Lighting, Escape Lighting is designed for effectively identifying and using the evacuation passageway.
2.0.20 Safety Lighting
As part of the Emergency Lighting, Safety Lighting is designed for ensuring the personal security when potential risks exist.
2.0.21 Stand-by Lighting
As part of the Emergency Lighting, Stand-by Lighting is designed for the proceeding of normal activities.
2.0.22 On-duty Lighting
“On-duty Lighting” is used during and designed for the on-duty.
2.0.23 Security Lighting
“Security Lighting” is designed for vigilance.
2.0.24 Obstacle Lighting
“Obstacle Lighting” refers to such sign lights as are installed on buildings or constructional works potentially endangering the safety of navigation.
2.0.25 Stroboscopic Effect
“Stroboscopic Effect” refers to the phenomenon that objects' activities are different from their actual activities observed under the irradiation of such a light as is changing at a certain frequency.
2.0.26 Distribution of Luminous Intensity
“Distribution of Luminous Intensity” of Luminous Intensity refers to such Luminous Intensity values of a light source or luminaire in each direction in the space as are expressed by curves or forms. It is also called distribution of light.
2.0.27 Luminous Effect of a Source
“Luminous Effect of a Source” equals the quotient of the Luminous Flux of the source to the power hereof. The unit hereof is lumen per watt ( ).
2.0.28 Luminaire Efficiency
“Luminaire Efficiency” refers to the ratio of such a total Luminous Flux of a luminaire to such a total Luminous Flux of all light sources in the luminaire as are all under the same working conditions, and the efficiency in question is also called luminaire light output ratio.
2.0.29 Uniformity Ratio of Illuminance
“Uniformity Ratio of Illuminance” refers to the ratio of the minimum Illuminance to the average Illuminance over a surface.
2.0.30 Glare
“Glare” refers to such a visual observation as may bring about uncomfortable feelings or reduce such an ability to observe details or objectives as is due to the improper Luminance distribution or Luminance range in the visual field.
2.0.31 Direct Glare
“Direct Glare” refers to the Glare caused by the illuminant in the visual field, especially close to the visual direction.
2.0.32 Discomfort Glare
“Discomfort Glare” refers to such a Glare as may bring about uncomfortable feelings, but may not reduce the visibility of visual objects. 2.0.33 Unified Glare Rating (UGR)
“Unified Glare Rating (UGR)” refers to such a kind of psychological parameters as are used to measure the discomfort of human eyes caused by the light of lighting devices in the visual environment; the value hereof may be calculated based on CIE Unified Glare Rating formula.
2.0.34 Glare Rating (GR)
“Glare Rating (GR)” refers to such a kind of parameters as are used to measure the discomfort of human eyes caused by lighting devices in outdoor sports fields and other fields; the value hereof may be calculated based on CIE Unified Glare Rating formula.
2.0.35 Glare by Reflection
“Glare by Reflection” refers to the Glare caused by reflection in the visual field, especially such Glare as forms on seeing reflection images and close to the visual direction.
2.0.36 Veiling Reflection
“Veiling Reflection” refers to the specular reflection of visual objects and may reduce the comparison between visual objects in turn causing details partly or completely indistinguishable. 2.0.37 Shielding Angle of Luminaire
“Shielding Angle of Luminaire” refers to the angle between the connecting line (from the farthest point of a light source to the luminaire outlet) and the horizontal line. 2.0.38 Color Rendering
“Color Rendering” refers to such an influence of a light source on the object color table as forms during the conscious or unconscious comparison, by observers, between the color table in question and such a color table as is under a compared light source. 2.0.39 Color Rendering Index
“Color Rendering Index” is used to investigate, under the condition of such a chromatic adaptation as is with rational admissible deviations, the degree of conformity of psychophysical color of the measured light source to the compared light source during lighting the same color sample. The sign hereof is R.
2.0.40 Special Color Rendering Index
“Special Color Rendering Index” is used to investigate, under the condition of such a chromatic adaptation as is with rational admissible deviations, the degree of conformity of psychophysical color of the measured light source to the compared light source during lighting the same CIE color sample for CIE test. The sign hereof is R. 2.0.41 General Color Rendering Index
“General Color Rendering Index” refers to the average value of CIE1974 special Color Rendering indices of the eight color samples in a group, and the general designation hereof is Color Rendering Index. The sign hereof is Ra.
2.0.42 Color Temperature
“Color Temperature” refers to the temperature of a full radiator (blackbody) where the chroma of a light source (thermal radiation source) equals the chroma of the full radiator (blackbody) under a certain temperature. The sign hereof is Tc. and the unit hereof is karat ( ). 2.0.43 Correlated Color Temperature
“Correlated Color Temperature” refers to the temperature of a full radiator (blackbody) where the chroma of a light source (gas-discharge source) nearly equals the chroma of the full radiator (blackbody) under a certain temperature. The sign hereof is and the unit hereof is karat ( ).
2.0.44 Luminous Flux Maintenance
“Luminous Flux Maintenance” refers to the ratio of the Luminous Flux before and after the ignition time of a luminaire is set.
2.0.45 Reflectance
“Reflectance” refers to the ratio of the reflex radiant flux or Luminous Flux to the incident radiant flux when the spectrum structure, polarization state and geometric distribution of incident radiation are certain. The sign hereof is . 2.0.46 Lighting Power Density (LPD)
“Lighting Power Density (LPD)” refers to the lighting installation power (including light source, ballast or transformer) per unit area, and the unit hereof is watt per square meter ( ).
2.0.47 Room Index
“Room Index” is designed to express the geometric structure of a room. Its calculation formula as follows:
1 General Provisions
1.0.1. This standard is stipulated for the purpose of, during lighting designs of buildings, implementing national laws, codes, technical and economic policies, meeting requirements from buildings’ functions, facilitating production, working, study, life, physical and mental health, realizing technology advanced, feasibility economic, usage reliable and maintenance and administration convenient, as well as actualizing Green Lights.
1.0.2 This Standard is applicable to lighting design of new-built, rebuilt and extended housing, public and industrial buildings.
1.0.3. The lighting design of building, except for abiding by this standard, shall be in accordance with the current national standards and codes related.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Green Lights
“Green Lights” refers to such a kind of lighting as may save energy, protect environment, conduce to the improvement of production, working, learning efficiency and life quality, as well as maintain human spiritual and physical health. 2.0.2 Visual Task
“Visual Task” refers to the process of observing such details and objects as are presented in front of a background. 2.0.3 Luminous Flux
“Luminous Flux” refers to such a photometric receiver as is derived in accordance with the radiation function on observers of standard photometric. For photopic vision, there is:
(2.0.3)
Where,
- The spectral distribution of radiant flux;
- The spectral luminous efficiency;
- The maximum spectral luminous efficacy of radiation; unit: lumen per watt ( ). Under the condition of monochromatic radiation and photopic vision, equals (where , ).
The symbol hereof is , and the unit hereof is lumen ( ), .
2.0.4 Luminous Intensity
“Luminous Intensity” of an illuminant in a certain direction refers to the Luminous Flux per solid angle element ( ) in such a direction. The Luminous Flux per unit solid angle equals to the ratio of dФ to the solid angle element, namely:
(2.0.4)
The symbol hereof is and the unit hereof is candela ( ),
2.0.5 Luminance
It is an amount defined by the formula , that is the luminous intensity per projected area. Its formula is:
(2.0.5)
Where:
- Such Luminous Flux per solid angle (dΩ) as is transmitted by a beam from a set point and in an assigned direction;
- The cross-section area of the beam including the set point;
- The angle between the normal of the beam’s cross-section and the beam’s direction.
The symbol hereof is L and the unit hereof is candela per square meter ( ).
2.0.6 Illuminance
“Illuminance” of a point on a surface equals the quotient of Luminous Flux dф on such a surface element as includes the point to the area of the surface element (dA), namely:
(2.0.6)
The symbol hereof is and the unit hereof is ( ), .
2.0.7 Maintained Average Illuminance
The average Illuminance over a surface is requested not to be less than such a Maintained Average Illuminance as is the average Illuminance over a surface when lighting devices shall be maintained.
2.0.8 Reference Surface
”Reference Surface” refers to such a surface as is the reference during measurement or specification of Illuminance.
2.0.9 Working Plane
”Working Plane” refers to the plane where work will be done.
2.0.10 Luminance Contrast
“Luminance Contrast” equals the ratio of such a Luminance difference as is between the Recognized Objective and the background in the visual field to the background Luminance, namely:
(2.0.10)
Where:
- The Luminance Contrast;
- The Illuminance difference between the Recognized Objective and the background;
- The Luminance of the background.
2.0.11 Recognized Objective
“Recognized Objective” refers to recognized objects and details (e.g., recognized point, line, seam, stain, etc.).
2.0.12 Maintenance Factor
“Maintenance Factor” equals the ratio of such an average Illuminance or average Luminance as is over a surface of such lighting devices as have been used for a certain period of time to the average Illuminance or average Luminance of such new lighting devices as are installed on the same surface under the same conditions.
2.0.13 General Lighting
“General Lighting” refers to such a uniform lighting as is set for whole location.
2.0.14 Localized Lighting
“Localized Lighting” refers to such General Lighting in a certain location, including locations for working, as is with a special Illuminance.
2.0.15 Local Lighting
“Local Lighting” is designed for special visual working and is installed for lightening some local parts.
2.0.16 Mixed Lighting
“Mixed Lighting” consists of the General Lighting and the Local Lighting.
2.0.17 Normal Lighting
“Normal Lighting” refers to such a indoor or outdoor lighting as is utilized under normal conditions.
2.0.18 Emergency Lighting
“Emergency Lighting” refers to the lighting used when the power supply for Normal Lighting interrupts, including the Escape Lighting, the Safety Lighting, and the Stand-by Lighting.
2.0.19 Escape Lighting
As part of the Emergency Lighting, Escape Lighting is designed for effectively identifying and using the evacuation passageway.
2.0.20 Safety Lighting
As part of the Emergency Lighting, Safety Lighting is designed for ensuring the personal security when potential risks exist.
2.0.21 Stand-by Lighting
As part of the Emergency Lighting, Stand-by Lighting is designed for the proceeding of normal activities.
2.0.22 On-duty Lighting
“On-duty Lighting” is used during and designed for the on-duty.
2.0.23 Security Lighting
“Security Lighting” is designed for vigilance.
2.0.24 Obstacle Lighting
“Obstacle Lighting” refers to such sign lights as are installed on buildings or constructional works potentially endangering the safety of navigation.
2.0.25 Stroboscopic Effect
“Stroboscopic Effect” refers to the phenomenon that objects' activities are different from their actual activities observed under the irradiation of such a light as is changing at a certain frequency.
2.0.26 Distribution of Luminous Intensity
“Distribution of Luminous Intensity” of Luminous Intensity refers to such Luminous Intensity values of a light source or luminaire in each direction in the space as are expressed by curves or forms. It is also called distribution of light.
2.0.27 Luminous Effect of a Source
“Luminous Effect of a Source” equals the quotient of the Luminous Flux of the source to the power hereof. The unit hereof is lumen per watt ( ).
2.0.28 Luminaire Efficiency
“Luminaire Efficiency” refers to the ratio of such a total Luminous Flux of a luminaire to such a total Luminous Flux of all light sources in the luminaire as are all under the same working conditions, and the efficiency in question is also called luminaire light output ratio.
2.0.29 Uniformity Ratio of Illuminance
“Uniformity Ratio of Illuminance” refers to the ratio of the minimum Illuminance to the average Illuminance over a surface.
2.0.30 Glare
“Glare” refers to such a visual observation as may bring about uncomfortable feelings or reduce such an ability to observe details or objectives as is due to the improper Luminance distribution or Luminance range in the visual field.
2.0.31 Direct Glare
“Direct Glare” refers to the Glare caused by the illuminant in the visual field, especially close to the visual direction.
2.0.32 Discomfort Glare
“Discomfort Glare” refers to such a Glare as may bring about uncomfortable feelings, but may not reduce the visibility of visual objects. 2.0.33 Unified Glare Rating (UGR)
“Unified Glare Rating (UGR)” refers to such a kind of psychological parameters as are used to measure the discomfort of human eyes caused by the light of lighting devices in the visual environment; the value hereof may be calculated based on CIE Unified Glare Rating formula.
2.0.34 Glare Rating (GR)
“Glare Rating (GR)” refers to such a kind of parameters as are used to measure the discomfort of human eyes caused by lighting devices in outdoor sports fields and other fields; the value hereof may be calculated based on CIE Unified Glare Rating formula.
2.0.35 Glare by Reflection
“Glare by Reflection” refers to the Glare caused by reflection in the visual field, especially such Glare as forms on seeing reflection images and close to the visual direction.
2.0.36 Veiling Reflection
“Veiling Reflection” refers to the specular reflection of visual objects and may reduce the comparison between visual objects in turn causing details partly or completely indistinguishable. 2.0.37 Shielding Angle of Luminaire
“Shielding Angle of Luminaire” refers to the angle between the connecting line (from the farthest point of a light source to the luminaire outlet) and the horizontal line. 2.0.38 Color Rendering
“Color Rendering” refers to such an influence of a light source on the object color table as forms during the conscious or unconscious comparison, by observers, between the color table in question and such a color table as is under a compared light source. 2.0.39 Color Rendering Index
“Color Rendering Index” is used to investigate, under the condition of such a chromatic adaptation as is with rational admissible deviations, the degree of conformity of psychophysical color of the measured light source to the compared light source during lighting the same color sample. The sign hereof is R.
2.0.40 Special Color Rendering Index
“Special Color Rendering Index” is used to investigate, under the condition of such a chromatic adaptation as is with rational admissible deviations, the degree of conformity of psychophysical color of the measured light source to the compared light source during lighting the same CIE color sample for CIE test. The sign hereof is R. 2.0.41 General Color Rendering Index
“General Color Rendering Index” refers to the average value of CIE1974 special Color Rendering indices of the eight color samples in a group, and the general designation hereof is Color Rendering Index. The sign hereof is Ra.
2.0.42 Color Temperature
“Color Temperature” refers to the temperature of a full radiator (blackbody) where the chroma of a light source (thermal radiation source) equals the chroma of the full radiator (blackbody) under a certain temperature. The sign hereof is Tc. and the unit hereof is karat ( ). 2.0.43 Correlated Color Temperature
“Correlated Color Temperature” refers to the temperature of a full radiator (blackbody) where the chroma of a light source (gas-discharge source) nearly equals the chroma of the full radiator (blackbody) under a certain temperature. The sign hereof is and the unit hereof is karat ( ).
2.0.44 Luminous Flux Maintenance
“Luminous Flux Maintenance” refers to the ratio of the Luminous Flux before and after the ignition time of a luminaire is set.
2.0.45 Reflectance
“Reflectance” refers to the ratio of the reflex radiant flux or Luminous Flux to the incident radiant flux when the spectrum structure, polarization state and geometric distribution of incident radiation are certain. The sign hereof is . 2.0.46 Lighting Power Density (LPD)
“Lighting Power Density (LPD)” refers to the lighting installation power (including light source, ballast or transformer) per unit area, and the unit hereof is watt per square meter ( ).
2.0.47 Room Index
“Room Index” is designed to express the geometric structure of a room. Its calculation formula as follows:
(2.0.47)
Where:
– The Room Index;
– The room width;
– The room height;
– The calculated height of a luminaire.
