Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
In order to adapt to the general rules of international technical regulations and technical standards, since 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has successively issued documents such as Opinions on furthering the reform of standardization of engineering construction, which put forward the long-term goal for the government to develop mandatory standards and for social organizations to develop voluntary standards and define the reform task of gradually replacing the mandatory provisions scattered in current standards with full-text mandatory engineering construction codes, gradually forming a "technical regulations" system composed of technical provisions in laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules and full-text mandatory engineering construction codes.
About the types of codes. The mandatory engineering construction code system covers all kinds of construction projects in the field of engineering construction, namely, engineering project codes (hereinafter referred to as project codes) and general technical codes (hereinafter referred to as general codes). A project code takes the whole engineering construction project as the object, with five major factors, namely, project scale, layout, function, performance and key technical measures, as the main content. A general code takes the general technology of each discipline to meet the function and performance requirements of the engineering construction project as the object, with the general technical requirements such as survey, design, construction, repair and maintenance as the main content. In the full-text mandatory engineering construction code system, the project codes are the core, while the general codes specify the common and general professional key technical measures for all kinds of projects.
About the five major factor indicators. The factors in the mandatory engineering construction codes are the basic provisions to ensure the systematization and efficiency improvement of urban and rural infrastructure construction, and the basic requirements to support the high-quality development of urban and rural construction. The scale requirements for a project mainly stipulate that a construction project shall have complete production or service capacity and shall adapt to the level of economic and social development. The layout requirements for the project mainly stipulate the industrial layout, site selection, overall design, general layout and integrated technical requirements coordinated with the scale for the construction project. Reasonable distribution of supply capacity shall be considered to improve the overall level of related facilities construction. The function requirements for the project mainly stipulate the composition and purpose of the project and clarify the basic components of the project, which are the guarantee for the project to play its expected role. The performance requirements for the project mainly stipulate the construction level or technical level of the construction project, reflect the applicability of the construction project, and define the basic levels that the project shall achieve in the aspects of quality, safety, energy conservation, environmental protection, livable environment and sustainable development. Key technical measures are the basic technical regulations for realizing the function and performance requirements of a construction project, and they are the basic guarantee for achieving the development goals of urban and rural construction such as safety, green, resilience, wisdom, livability, fairness and efficiency.
About the implementation of codes. Mandatory engineering construction codes have mandatory binding force, which specify the control requirements and bottom lines for ensuring people's life and property safety, personal health, engineering safety, ecological environment safety, public rights and interests as well as promoting energy and resource conservation and meeting economic and social management, and they must be strictly implemented in the whole process of construction activities such as survey, design, construction, acceptance, repair, maintenance and demolition of engineering construction projects. For existing building renovation projects (where existing use functions are not changed), the stringency of the code implemented shall not be inferior to that implemented in construction if the conditions are not available and it is really difficult to implement the current codes. The voluntary engineering construction standards matching with the mandatory engineering construction codes are mature technical measures that have been tested by practice and guarantee to meet the requirements of the mandatory codes, and they shall also be implemented under normal circumstances. On the premise of meeting the project function and performance requirements and key technical measures stipulated in mandatory engineering construction codes, relevant group standards and enterprise standards may be reasonably selected to optimize the project function and performance or improve their levels. Voluntary engineering construction standards, group standards and enterprise standards shall be coordinated and match with mandatory engineering construction codes, and all technical requirements shall not be lower than the relevant technical levels of mandatory engineering construction codes.
After the implementation of a mandatory engineering construction code, the mandatory provisions in the current national standards and professional standards related to engineering construction shall be abolished at the same time. The mandatory provisions in the current provincial standards for engineering construction shall be revised in time, and shall not be less stringent than the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes. If the relevant provisions in current engineering construction standards (including mandatory and voluntary ones) are inconsistent with those of the mandatory engineering construction codes, the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes shall prevail.
Contents
1 General provisions 1
2 Basic provisions 2
2.1 Basic requirements 2
2.2 Safety level and design service life 3
2.3 Analysis of structure 5
2.4 Actions and action combination 5
2.5 Material and geotechnical properties and geometric parameters of structure 7
3 Design of structure 8
3.1 Partial factor design method for limit state 8
3.2 Other design methods 13
4 Actions of structure 14
4.1 Permanent action 14
4.2 Live loads on floors and roofs 14
4.3 Pedestrian load 20
4.4 Crane load 20
4.5 Snow load and ice load 21
4.6 Wind load 22
4.7 Temperature action 23
4.8 Accidental action 24
4.9 Water flow force and ice pressure 25
4.10 Actions in specialized fields 25
Annex A Symbols 28
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to implementing the building policies in engineering construction, ensuring the safety, applicability and durability of engineering structures, and meeting the needs of normal use and green development of construction projects.
1.0.2 For engineering structures, this code must be implemented.
1.0.3 Whether the technical methods and measures adopted in the engineering construction meet the requirements of this code shall be judged by the relevant responsibility subjects. Innovative technical methods and measures shall be demonstrated and meet the performance requirements in this code.
2 Basic provisions
2.1 Basic requirements
2.1.1 The structure must meet the following requirements during its design service life:
1 The structure shall be able to withstand various actions that may occur in normal construction and normal use;
2 The structure shall be ensured to meet the requirements for the intended use of the structure and its members;
3 The structure shall be ensured to meet adequate durability requirements.
2.1.2 The structural system shall have a reasonable force transmission path, which can transfer all kinds of actions that the structure may bear from the action points to the resisting members.
2.1.3 In case of an accidental event such as explosion, impact and rare earthquake or human error, the structure shall maintain overall stability, and be free from the consequences of failure that are disproportionate to the cause. In case of a fire, the structure shall be able to maintain load-bearing capacity and overall stability within the specified time.
2.1.4 According to the influence of environmental conditions on durability, corresponding protective measures shall be taken for the structural materials.
2.1.5 The design of the structure shall include the following:
1 Structural scheme;
2 Determination of actions and analysis of action effects;
3 Design and checking calculation of the structure and its members;
4 Construction and connection measures of the structure and its members;
5 Durability design of the structure;
6 Construction feasibility.
2.1.6 The structure shall be constructed in accordance with the design documents. Technical measures and management measures to ensure construction quality and safety shall be taken during construction.
2.1.7 The structure shall be used according to the purpose specified in the design, and shall be checked regularly for the structural condition so as to take necessary maintenance and repair. The following behaviors affecting the use safety of the structure are strictly prohibited:
1 Unauthorized change in the purpose or use environment of the structure without technical appraisal or design permission;
2 Damage to or unauthorized change of the structural system and seismic facilities;
3 Increase in the service load of the structure without authorization;
4 Damage to the foundation;
5 Illegal storage of explosive, toxic, radioactive, corrosive and other dangerous articles;
6 Structural transformation and construction that affect the use safety of adjacent structures.
2.1.8 Before demolition of the structure or its components, a detailed demolition plan and scheme shall be made, and an emergency plan shall be made for the contingencies, if any, that may occur in the demolition process. The demolition of the structure shall follow the principles of reduction, resource utilization and recycling.
2.2 Safety level and design service life
2.2.1 In the design of the structure, different safety levels shall be adopted according to the severity of possible consequences caused by structural failure. The classification of safety level of structures shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 2.2.1. The safety level of the structure and its components shall not be lower than Level III.
Table 2.2.1 Classification of safety level
Safety level Consequence of failure Safety level Consequence of failure Safety level Consequence of failure
Level I Very serious Level II Serious Level III Not serious
2.2.2 In the design of the structure, the design service life shall be specified according to the factors such as the use function, construction, use and maintenance cost and environmental impact of the engineering, which shall meet the following requirements:
1 The design service life of housing building structures shall not be less than those specified in Table 2.2.2-1.
Table 2.2.2-1 Design service life of housing building structures
Category Design service life (years)
Temporary building structures 5
Common buildings and structures 50
Particularly important building structures 100
2 The design service life of highway engineering structures shall not be less than those specified in Table 2.2.2-2.
Table 2.2.2-2 Design service life of highway engineering structures (years)
Highway class
Structure category Expressway and Class I highway Class II highway Class III highway Class IV highway
Pavement Asphalt concrete pavement 15 12 10 8
Cement concrete pavement 30 20 15 10
Bridge and culvert Major structure Grand bridge and large bridge 100 100 100 100
Medium bridge 100 50 50 50
Small bridge and culvert 50 30 30 30
Replaceable components Stay cable, sling, tie bar, etc. 20 20 20 20
Railing, telescopic device, bearing, etc. 15 15 15 15
Tunnel Major structure Extra-long tunnel 100 100 100 100
Long tunnel 100 100 100 50
Medium tunnel 100 100 100 50
Short tunnel 100 100 50 50
Replaceable and repairable members Extra-long, long, medium and short tunnels 30 30 30 30
3 The design service life of permanent port building structures shall not be less than 50 years.
2.2.3 The design service life of ancillary facilities such as waterproof layer, electricity and pipeline of the structure shall be determined according to the design service life of the major structure and the factors such as material, construction and use requirements of the ancillary facilities.
1 General provisions
2 Basic provisions
2.1 Basic requirements
2.2 Safety level and design service life
2.3 Analysis of structure
2.4 Actions and action combination
2.5 Material and geotechnical properties and geometric parameters of structure
3 Design of structure
3.1 Partial factor design method for limit state
3.2 Other design methods
4 Actions of structure
4.1 Permanent action
4.2 Live loads on floors and roofs
4.3 Pedestrian load
4.4 Crane load
4.5 Snow load and ice load
4.6 Wind load
4.7 Temperature action
4.8 Accidental action
4.9 Water flow force and ice pressure
4.10 Actions in specialized fields
Annex A Symbols
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
In order to adapt to the general rules of international technical regulations and technical standards, since 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has successively issued documents such as Opinions on furthering the reform of standardization of engineering construction, which put forward the long-term goal for the government to develop mandatory standards and for social organizations to develop voluntary standards and define the reform task of gradually replacing the mandatory provisions scattered in current standards with full-text mandatory engineering construction codes, gradually forming a "technical regulations" system composed of technical provisions in laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules and full-text mandatory engineering construction codes.
About the types of codes. The mandatory engineering construction code system covers all kinds of construction projects in the field of engineering construction, namely, engineering project codes (hereinafter referred to as project codes) and general technical codes (hereinafter referred to as general codes). A project code takes the whole engineering construction project as the object, with five major factors, namely, project scale, layout, function, performance and key technical measures, as the main content. A general code takes the general technology of each discipline to meet the function and performance requirements of the engineering construction project as the object, with the general technical requirements such as survey, design, construction, repair and maintenance as the main content. In the full-text mandatory engineering construction code system, the project codes are the core, while the general codes specify the common and general professional key technical measures for all kinds of projects.
About the five major factor indicators. The factors in the mandatory engineering construction codes are the basic provisions to ensure the systematization and efficiency improvement of urban and rural infrastructure construction, and the basic requirements to support the high-quality development of urban and rural construction. The scale requirements for a project mainly stipulate that a construction project shall have complete production or service capacity and shall adapt to the level of economic and social development. The layout requirements for the project mainly stipulate the industrial layout, site selection, overall design, general layout and integrated technical requirements coordinated with the scale for the construction project. Reasonable distribution of supply capacity shall be considered to improve the overall level of related facilities construction. The function requirements for the project mainly stipulate the composition and purpose of the project and clarify the basic components of the project, which are the guarantee for the project to play its expected role. The performance requirements for the project mainly stipulate the construction level or technical level of the construction project, reflect the applicability of the construction project, and define the basic levels that the project shall achieve in the aspects of quality, safety, energy conservation, environmental protection, livable environment and sustainable development. Key technical measures are the basic technical regulations for realizing the function and performance requirements of a construction project, and they are the basic guarantee for achieving the development goals of urban and rural construction such as safety, green, resilience, wisdom, livability, fairness and efficiency.
About the implementation of codes. Mandatory engineering construction codes have mandatory binding force, which specify the control requirements and bottom lines for ensuring people's life and property safety, personal health, engineering safety, ecological environment safety, public rights and interests as well as promoting energy and resource conservation and meeting economic and social management, and they must be strictly implemented in the whole process of construction activities such as survey, design, construction, acceptance, repair, maintenance and demolition of engineering construction projects. For existing building renovation projects (where existing use functions are not changed), the stringency of the code implemented shall not be inferior to that implemented in construction if the conditions are not available and it is really difficult to implement the current codes. The voluntary engineering construction standards matching with the mandatory engineering construction codes are mature technical measures that have been tested by practice and guarantee to meet the requirements of the mandatory codes, and they shall also be implemented under normal circumstances. On the premise of meeting the project function and performance requirements and key technical measures stipulated in mandatory engineering construction codes, relevant group standards and enterprise standards may be reasonably selected to optimize the project function and performance or improve their levels. Voluntary engineering construction standards, group standards and enterprise standards shall be coordinated and match with mandatory engineering construction codes, and all technical requirements shall not be lower than the relevant technical levels of mandatory engineering construction codes.
After the implementation of a mandatory engineering construction code, the mandatory provisions in the current national standards and professional standards related to engineering construction shall be abolished at the same time. The mandatory provisions in the current provincial standards for engineering construction shall be revised in time, and shall not be less stringent than the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes. If the relevant provisions in current engineering construction standards (including mandatory and voluntary ones) are inconsistent with those of the mandatory engineering construction codes, the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes shall prevail.
Contents
1 General provisions 1
2 Basic provisions 2
2.1 Basic requirements 2
2.2 Safety level and design service life 3
2.3 Analysis of structure 5
2.4 Actions and action combination 5
2.5 Material and geotechnical properties and geometric parameters of structure 7
3 Design of structure 8
3.1 Partial factor design method for limit state 8
3.2 Other design methods 13
4 Actions of structure 14
4.1 Permanent action 14
4.2 Live loads on floors and roofs 14
4.3 Pedestrian load 20
4.4 Crane load 20
4.5 Snow load and ice load 21
4.6 Wind load 22
4.7 Temperature action 23
4.8 Accidental action 24
4.9 Water flow force and ice pressure 25
4.10 Actions in specialized fields 25
Annex A Symbols 28
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to implementing the building policies in engineering construction, ensuring the safety, applicability and durability of engineering structures, and meeting the needs of normal use and green development of construction projects.
1.0.2 For engineering structures, this code must be implemented.
1.0.3 Whether the technical methods and measures adopted in the engineering construction meet the requirements of this code shall be judged by the relevant responsibility subjects. Innovative technical methods and measures shall be demonstrated and meet the performance requirements in this code.
2 Basic provisions
2.1 Basic requirements
2.1.1 The structure must meet the following requirements during its design service life:
1 The structure shall be able to withstand various actions that may occur in normal construction and normal use;
2 The structure shall be ensured to meet the requirements for the intended use of the structure and its members;
3 The structure shall be ensured to meet adequate durability requirements.
2.1.2 The structural system shall have a reasonable force transmission path, which can transfer all kinds of actions that the structure may bear from the action points to the resisting members.
2.1.3 In case of an accidental event such as explosion, impact and rare earthquake or human error, the structure shall maintain overall stability, and be free from the consequences of failure that are disproportionate to the cause. In case of a fire, the structure shall be able to maintain load-bearing capacity and overall stability within the specified time.
2.1.4 According to the influence of environmental conditions on durability, corresponding protective measures shall be taken for the structural materials.
2.1.5 The design of the structure shall include the following:
1 Structural scheme;
2 Determination of actions and analysis of action effects;
3 Design and checking calculation of the structure and its members;
4 Construction and connection measures of the structure and its members;
5 Durability design of the structure;
6 Construction feasibility.
2.1.6 The structure shall be constructed in accordance with the design documents. Technical measures and management measures to ensure construction quality and safety shall be taken during construction.
2.1.7 The structure shall be used according to the purpose specified in the design, and shall be checked regularly for the structural condition so as to take necessary maintenance and repair. The following behaviors affecting the use safety of the structure are strictly prohibited:
1 Unauthorized change in the purpose or use environment of the structure without technical appraisal or design permission;
2 Damage to or unauthorized change of the structural system and seismic facilities;
3 Increase in the service load of the structure without authorization;
4 Damage to the foundation;
5 Illegal storage of explosive, toxic, radioactive, corrosive and other dangerous articles;
6 Structural transformation and construction that affect the use safety of adjacent structures.
2.1.8 Before demolition of the structure or its components, a detailed demolition plan and scheme shall be made, and an emergency plan shall be made for the contingencies, if any, that may occur in the demolition process. The demolition of the structure shall follow the principles of reduction, resource utilization and recycling.
2.2 Safety level and design service life
2.2.1 In the design of the structure, different safety levels shall be adopted according to the severity of possible consequences caused by structural failure. The classification of safety level of structures shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 2.2.1. The safety level of the structure and its components shall not be lower than Level III.
Table 2.2.1 Classification of safety level
Safety level Consequence of failure Safety level Consequence of failure Safety level Consequence of failure
Level I Very serious Level II Serious Level III Not serious
2.2.2 In the design of the structure, the design service life shall be specified according to the factors such as the use function, construction, use and maintenance cost and environmental impact of the engineering, which shall meet the following requirements:
1 The design service life of housing building structures shall not be less than those specified in Table 2.2.2-1.
Table 2.2.2-1 Design service life of housing building structures
Category Design service life (years)
Temporary building structures 5
Common buildings and structures 50
Particularly important building structures 100
2 The design service life of highway engineering structures shall not be less than those specified in Table 2.2.2-2.
Table 2.2.2-2 Design service life of highway engineering structures (years)
Highway class
Structure category Expressway and Class I highway Class II highway Class III highway Class IV highway
Pavement Asphalt concrete pavement 15 12 10 8
Cement concrete pavement 30 20 15 10
Bridge and culvert Major structure Grand bridge and large bridge 100 100 100 100
Medium bridge 100 50 50 50
Small bridge and culvert 50 30 30 30
Replaceable components Stay cable, sling, tie bar, etc. 20 20 20 20
Railing, telescopic device, bearing, etc. 15 15 15 15
Tunnel Major structure Extra-long tunnel 100 100 100 100
Long tunnel 100 100 100 50
Medium tunnel 100 100 100 50
Short tunnel 100 100 50 50
Replaceable and repairable members Extra-long, long, medium and short tunnels 30 30 30 30
3 The design service life of permanent port building structures shall not be less than 50 years.
2.2.3 The design service life of ancillary facilities such as waterproof layer, electricity and pipeline of the structure shall be determined according to the design service life of the major structure and the factors such as material, construction and use requirements of the ancillary facilities.
Contents of GB 55001-2021
1 General provisions
2 Basic provisions
2.1 Basic requirements
2.2 Safety level and design service life
2.3 Analysis of structure
2.4 Actions and action combination
2.5 Material and geotechnical properties and geometric parameters of structure
3 Design of structure
3.1 Partial factor design method for limit state
3.2 Other design methods
4 Actions of structure
4.1 Permanent action
4.2 Live loads on floors and roofs
4.3 Pedestrian load
4.4 Crane load
4.5 Snow load and ice load
4.6 Wind load
4.7 Temperature action
4.8 Accidental action
4.9 Water flow force and ice pressure
4.10 Actions in specialized fields
Annex A Symbols
