Standard No.:	GB/T 151-2026
English Name:	Heat exchangers
Chinese Name:	热交换器
Chinese Classification:	J75    Heat-exchange equipment
Professional Classification:	GB    National Standard
ICS Classification:	71.120.30 71.120.30    Heat exchangers 71.120.30
Source Content Issued by:	SAMR, SAC
Issued on:	2026-01-28
Implemented on:	2026-8-1
Status:	valid
Superseding:	GB/T 151-2014 Heat Exchanger
Target Language:	English
File Format:	PDF
Word Count:	155000 words
Translation Price(USD):	4650.0
Delivery:	via email in 1~10 business day

1.1　本文件规定了金属制热交换器的通用要求，并规定了管壳式热交换器材料、设计、制造、检验、验收及其安装、使用的要求。1.2　本文件的通用要求适用于管壳式热交换器及其他结构型式热交换器，本文件的所有内容适用于管壳式热交换器。1.3　本文件适用的设计压力为：a)　管壳式热交换器的设计压力不大于35 MPa；b)　其他结构型式热交换器的设计压力按相应引用产品标准确定。1.4　本文件适用的设计温度为：a)　钢制热交换器设计温度范围按GB/T 150.2—2024中列入材料的允许使用温度范围；b)　有色金属制热交换器设计温度按相应引用标准中列入的材料允许使用温度确定。1.5　本文件适用于设计压力（MPa)与公称直径（mm)的乘积不大于4.05×10 4的管壳式热交换器，其中不可抽管束管壳式热交换器公称直径不大于6 000 mm，可抽管束管壳式热交换器公称直径不大于2 600 mm。1.6　超出1.5范围的管壳式热交换器，参照本文件进行建造。1.7　本文件不适用于下列热交换器：a)　直接火焰加热的热交换器；b)　烟道式余（废)热锅炉；c)　核能装置中存在中子辐射损伤失效风险的热交换器；d)　非金属制热交换器；e)　制冷空调行业中另有国家标准或行业标准的热交换器。1.8　热交换器界定范围如下。a)　热交换器与外部管道连接：1)　焊接连接的第一道环向接头坡口端面；2)　螺纹连接的第一个螺纹接头端面；3)　法兰连接的第一个法兰密封面；4)　专用连接件或管件连接的第一个密封面。b)　接管、人孔、手孔等的承压封头、平盖及其紧固件。c)　非受压元件与受压元件的连接焊缝。d)　直接连接在热交换器上的非受压元件如支座、垫板等。e)　安装在热交

Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Failure modes 5 General requirements 5.1 General 5.2 Qualification and responsibilities 5.3 Process calculation 5.4 General design specifications 5.5 Permissible stress 5.6 Welding joint classification and welding joint coefficients 5.7 Pressure test 5.8 Leakage test 5.9 Welding joint structure design 5.10 Overpressure relief device 6 Materials 6.1 General 6.2 Cylinder and head 6.3 Tube sheet, header cover, and flange 6.4 Heat exchange tube 6.5 Steel rods for screws (including bolts) and nuts 7 Structural design 7.1 Main components and names of shell and tube heat exchanger 7.2 Model of shell and tube heat exchanger 7.3 Tubeside 7.4 Heat exchange tube 7.5 Tube sheet 7.6 Connection of heat exchange tube and tube sheet 7.7 Welding connection of tube sheet and header, shell 7.8 Shellside 7.9 Hooked head type floating head 7.10 Shell 7.11 Packing box 7.12 Expansion joint 7.13 Pipe connection and other openings 7.14 Equipment and pipe connection flange 7.15 Sealing and gasket 7.16 Support 7.17 Accessory 8 Design calculation 8.1 Shell, head and partition 8.2 Floating head cover and hook 8.3 Heat exchange tube 8.4 Tube sheet calculation 9 Fabrication, inspection and acceptance 9.1 General 9.2 Cylinder 9.3 Heat exchange tube 9.4 Tube sheet, header cover 9.5 Baffle plate, support plate 9.6 Other components 9.7 Assembly of bundle 9.8 Connection of heat exchange tube and tube sheet 9.9 Welding 9.10 Non-destructive testing 9.11 Heat treatment 9.12 Assembly 9.13 Dimensional tolerance 9.14 Pressure test and leakage test 9.15 Delivery documentation 9.16 Nameplate 9.17 Coating and transportation packaging 10 Installation, operation and maintenance 10.1 On-site installation 10.2 Commissioning and operation 10.3 Maintenance Annex A (Normative) Declaration of conformity and amendment of standard Annex B (Informative) Heat transfer calculation of shell and tube heat exchanger B.1 General B.2 Calculation process B.3 Design conditions B.4 Design results B.5 Data table B.6 Basic heat transfer equation B.7 Total heat transfer coefficient B.8 Effective average temperature difference B.9 Qualitative temperature of fluid B.10 Wall temperature calculation B.11 Fouling thermal resistance B.12 Methods for testing and evaluation of energy efficiency of shell and tube heat exchanger Annex C (Informative) Fluid-induced vibration C.1 Calculation of fluid-induced vibration C.2 Natural frequency of heat exchange tube C.3 Logarithmic decrement rate C.4 Vibration amplitude C.5 Criteria for vibration C.6 Anti-vibration measures C.7 Examples Annex D (Informative) Physical properties data of common fluids D.1 Fluid density D.2 Specific heat D.3 Enthalpy D.4 Thermal conductivity D.5 Viscosity D.6 Critical temperature and critical pressure D.7 Properties of gas and vapor mixtures Annex E (Informative) Fouling thermal resistance E.1 General E.2 Fouling thermal resistance of water E.3 Fouling thermal resistance of industrial fluids (10-5m²·K/W) E.4 Fouling thermal resistance of chemical process fluids (10-5m²·K/W) E.5 Fouling thermal resistance of gasoline-processed natural gas fluids (10-5m²·K/W) E.6 Fouling thermal resistance of petroleum refining process liquids (10-5m²·K/W) Annex F (Informative) Thermal conductivity of metals F.1 Thermal conductivity of iron-based metals F.2 Thermal conductivity of other metals Annex G (Informative) Characteristic table of heat exchange tube Annex H (Normative) Process qualification of expansion joint for heat exchange tube and tube sheet H.1 General H.2 Common processes and structures for expansion joint H.3 Variation factors for process qualification of expansion joint H.4 Test specimens and rules H.5 Inspection requirements and result evaluation H.6 Reduction of inspection requirements for process qualification of expansion joint H.7 Report of process qualification of expansion joint Annex I (Normative) Pull-off test of connection joint between heat exchange tube and tube sheet I.1 General I.2 Test specimen I.3 Test procedure I.4 Result evaluation Annex J (Normative) Supplementary requirements for process qualification of welding of heat exchange tube and tube sheet J.1 General J.2 Supplementary requirements for welding process qualification factors and rules J.3 Test specimens and evaluation methods J.4 Inspection requirements and result evaluation J.5 Welding process qualification report Annex K (Informative) Welding joint of heat exchange tube and tube sheet with welding form Annex L (Informative) Welding connection of tube sheet, header and shell L.1 General L.2 Tube sheet with extended part acting as flange L.3 Tube sheet not acting as flange L.4 Connection of double tube sheets and shell Annex M (Informative) Calculation of import or export area of shell and bundle M.1 General M.2 Import or export area of shell, As M.3 Import or export area of bundle, At Annex N (Informative) Seismic design calculation of overlapping heat exchangers N.1 General N.2 Seismic action and seismic verification Annex O (Informative) Tube sheet design of corrugated heat exchanger tube O.1 General O.2 Structural design O.3 Symbols O.4 Axial stiffness of corrugated tube O.5 Allowable pressure of corrugated tube O.6 Allowable stress of stable pressure of corrugated tube O.4 Calculation of tube sheet Annex P (Informative) Support tube sheet P.1 General P.2 Structural design P.3 Design calculation P.4 Fabrication Annex Q (Informative) Flexible tube sheet Q.1 General Q.2 Structural design Q.3 Design calculation Q.4 Fabrication Annex R (Normative) NEN type fixed tube sheet heat exchanger tube sheet design R.1 General R.2 Symbols R.3 Calculation conditions R.4 Calculation procedure R.5 Mechanical model and internal force analysis of NEN type heat exchanger R.6 Stress calculation of tube sheet R.7 Stress of heat exchanger tube and connection tensile force of tube sheet R.8 Axial stress of shell R.9 Mechanical model and stress calculation under action of gravity force of components related to tube sheet Annex S (Informative) Design of tube sheet with special structures S.1 General S.2 Symbols S.3 Calculation conditions S.4 Calculation procedure Bibliography