1.1 This standard specifies general requirements of metallic heat exchangers as well as materials, design, fabrication, inspection, acceptance, installation and use requirements of tube-shell heat exchangers.
1.2 General requirements of this standard are applicable to the tube-shell heat exchangers and the heat exchangers in other structural types. All the provisions of this standard are applicable to tube-shell heat exchangers.
1.3 The design pressure to which this standard applies:
a) Design pressure of tube-shell heat exchangers is not greater than 35MPa;
b) Design pressure of the heat exchangers in other structural types shall be determined according to the corresponding normative references.
1.4 The design temperature to which this standard applies:
a) Steel shall not exceed the permissible service temperature range of the materials listed in GB 150.2-2011;
b) Design temperatures of other metal materials shall be determined according to the permissible service temperature of the materials listed in corresponding normative references.
1.5 In this standard, applicable nominal diameters of tube-shell heat exchangers shall not be greater than 4,000mm, and the product of design pressure (MPa) multiplied by nominal diameter (mm) shall not be greater than 2.7×104.
1.6 The tube-shell heat exchangers beyond the scope of 1.5 may be fabricated and constructed by reference to this standard.
1.7 This standard does not apply to the following heat exchangers:
a) Direct fired heat exchangers;
b) Flue-type exhaust (waste) heat boiler;
c) Heat exchangers with failure risk due to neutron damage in the nuclear-energy plant;
d) Non-metallic heat exchangers;
e) Heat exchangers otherwise specified in the national standards or professional standards in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
1.8 Defined range of heat exchanger;
a) Connection between the heat exchanger and the external pipe:
1) The first welded groove end face of girth joint;
2) The first threaded end face of threaded joint;
3) The first flange seal surface of flange connection;
4) The first seal surface of special connecting piece or pipe fittings connection.
b) Pressure head, flat-cover and its fasteners of connecting pipe, manhole, and handhole, etc.;
c) Attachment weld between non-pressure components and pressure components;
d) Non-pressure components directly connected to the heat exchangers, e.g. support and subplate;
e) Overpressure relief devices mounted to the heat exchangers.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the dated edition is applicable to this document. For undated references, the latest editions of the normative documents (including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB 150.1-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 1: General Requirements
GB 150.2-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 2: Materials
GB 150.3-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 3: Design
GB 150.4-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance
GB/T 1527-2006 Drawn Tube of Copper and Copper Alloys
GB/T 1804 General Tolerances-Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimensions without Individual Tolerance Indications
GB/T 2882-2013 Nickel and Nickel Alloys Tube
GB/T 3625-2007 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tube for Condensers and Heat Exchangers
GB 5310 Seamless Steel Tubes and Pipes for High Pressure Boiler
GB/T 5313-2010 Steel Plate with Through-thickness Characteristics
GB 6479 Seamless Steel Tubes for High-pressure Chemical Fertilizer Equipments
GB/T 6893-2010 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Cold Drawn (Rolled)Seamless Tubes
GB/T 8890-2007 Seamless Copper Alloy Tube for Heat-exchanger
GB 9948 Seamless Steel Tubes for Petroleum Cracking
GB 13296 Seamless Stainless Steel Tubes for Boiler and Heat Exchanger
GB 16749 Bellows Expansion Joints for Pressure Vessel
GB/T 21832 Austenitic - Ferritic (Duplex) Grade Stainless Steel Welded Tubes and Pipes
GB/T 21833 Austenitic - Ferritic (Duplex) Grade Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes and Pipes
GB/T 24590 Enhanced Tubes for Efficient Heat Exchanger
GB/T 24593 Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes for Boiler and Heat-exchanger
GB/T 26283-2010 Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Seamless Tubes
GB/T 26929 Terminology for Pressure Vessels
GB/T 28713 (All Parts) Enhanced Heat Transfer Elements Used in Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
GB/T 29463 (All Parts) Gaskets Used in Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
GB/T 29465 Shell Flange-rear Head End of Floating Heat Exchangers
NB/T 47002 (All Parts) Explosion Welded Clad Plate for Pressure Vessels
NB/T 47003.1 (JB/T 4735.1) Steel Welded Atmospheric Pressure Vessels
NB/T 47004 (JB/T 4752) Plate Heat Exchangers
NB/T 47006 (JB/T 4757) Aluminum Plate-fin Heat Exchanger
NB/T 47007 (JB/T 4758) Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
NB/T 47011 Zirconium Pressure Vessels
NB/T 47013.10 (JB/T 4730.10) Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 10: Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction Technique
NB/T 47014 (JB/T 4708) Welding Procedure Qualification for Pressure Equipment
NB/T 47019 (All Parts) Purchase Technical Specifications for Boiler & Heater Exchanger Tubes/Pipes
NB/T 47020 (JB/T 4700) Type and Specification for Pressure Vessel Flanges
NB/T 47021 (JB/T 4701) A-type Socket-weld Flange
NB/T 47022 (JB/T 4702) B-type Socket-weld Flange
NB/T 47023 (JB/T 4703) Welding Neck Flange
NB/T 47024 (JB/T 4704) Nonmetallic Gaskets
NB/T 47025 (JB/T 4705) Spiral Wound Gaskets
NB/T 47026 (JB/T 4706) Double-jacketed Gaskets
NB/T 47027 (JB/T 4707) Fasteners for Pressure Vessel Flanges
NB/T 47041-2014 (JB/T 4710) Steel Vertical Vessels Supported by Skirt
JB/T 4711 Coating and Packing for Pressure Vessels Transport
JB/T 4712.1 Vessel Supports - part 1: Saddle Support
JB/T 4712.3 Vessel Supports - Part 3: Lug Support
JB/T 4730 (All Parts) Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment
JB 4732-1995 Steel Pressure Vessels-Design by Analysis (Confirmed in 2005)
JB/T 4734 Aluminum Welded Vessels
JB/T 4745 Titanium Welded Vessels
JB/T 4751 Spiral Heat Exchanger
JB/T 4755 Copper Pressure Vessels
JB/T 4756 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pressure Vessels
HG/T 20592 Steel Pipe Flanges (PN Designated)
HG/T 20615 Steel Pipe Flanges (Class Designated)
TSG R0004-2009 Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions defined in GB 150.1-2011 and GB/T 26929 and the following ones apply.
3.1
Nominal diameter
DN
a) As for the rolled and the forged cylinder, the inner diameter (mm) is regarded as the nominal diameter of tube-shell heat exchangers.
b) As for the tube cylinder, the outer diameter (mm) is regarded as the nominal diameter of tube-shell heat exchangers.
c) As for the kettle-type reboiler, the inner (or outer) diameter (mm) of the header is regarded as the nominal diameter.
3.2
Heat transfer area
A
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General Requirements
4.1 General Rules
4.2 Qualifications and Responsibilities
4.3 Process Calculation
4.4 General Design Requirements
4.5 Permissible Stress
4.6 Classification and Coefficient of Welded Joints
4.7 Pressure-tight Test
4.8 Leakage Test
5 Materials
5.1 General Provisions
5.2 Cylinder and Head
5.3 Tube Sheet, Header Flat-cover and Flange
5.4 Heat Exchange Tube
5.5 Steel Bar for Stud (Including Bolt) and Nut
6 Structural Design
6.1 Main Components and Parts of Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
6.2 Model of Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
6.3 Tubeside
6.4 Heat Exchange Tube
6.5 Tube Sheet
6.6 Connection between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet
6.7 Welding Connection between Tube Sheet and Header or Shell
6.8 Shellside
6.9 Split Ring Floating Head
6.10 Shell
6.11 Stuffing Box
6.12 Expansion Joint
6.13 Connecting Pipe and Other Openings
6.14 Equipment Flange and Nozzle Flange
6.15 Sealing and Gasket
6.16 Support
6.17 Accessories
7 Design Calculation
7.1 Pressure-bearing Shell and Partition
7.2 Floating Head and Split Ring
7.3 Heat Exchange Tube
7.4 Tube Sheet
8 Fabrication, Inspection and Acceptance
8.1 General Rules
8.2 Cylinder
8.3 Heat Exchange Tube
8.4 Tube Sheet and Header Flat-cover
8.5 Baffle and Supporting Plate
8.6 Other Parts
8.7 Tube Bundle Assembly
8.8 Connection between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet
8.9 Weld
8.10 Heat Treatment
8.11 Assembling
8.12 Dimension Deviation
8.13 Pressure-tight Test and Leakage Test
8.14 Delivery Information
8.15 Nameplate
8.16 Coating and Transport Package
9 Installation, Operation and Maintenance
9.1 Site Installation
9.2 Test Run and Operation
9.3 Maintenance
Appendix A (Normative) Declaration of Standard Conformity and Revision
Appendix B (Informative) Heat Transfer Calculations of Tube-shell Heat Exchanger
Appendix C (Informative) Vibration Caused by Fluid
Appendix D (Informative) Physical Property Data of Common Fluids
Appendix E (Informative) Fouling Resistance
Appendix F (Informative) Heat Conductivity Coefficients of Metals
Appendix G (Informative) List for Properties of Heat Exchange Tubes
Appendix H (Informative) Weld Types of Welded Joints between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet
Appendix I (Informative) Welded Connection of Tube Sheet to Header and Shell
Appendix J (Informative) Calculation for the Area of Inlet and Outlet of Shell and Tube Bundle
Appendix K (Informative) Tube Sheet for Heat Exchanger with Corrugated Tubes
Appendix L (Informative) Bracing Tube Sheet
Appendix M (Informative) Flexible Tube Sheet
1.1 This standard specifies general requirements of metallic heat exchangers as well as materials, design, fabrication, inspection, acceptance, installation and use requirements of tube-shell heat exchangers.
1.2 General requirements of this standard are applicable to the tube-shell heat exchangers and the heat exchangers in other structural types. All the provisions of this standard are applicable to tube-shell heat exchangers.
1.3 The design pressure to which this standard applies:
a) Design pressure of tube-shell heat exchangers is not greater than 35MPa;
b) Design pressure of the heat exchangers in other structural types shall be determined according to the corresponding normative references.
1.4 The design temperature to which this standard applies:
a) Steel shall not exceed the permissible service temperature range of the materials listed in GB 150.2-2011;
b) Design temperatures of other metal materials shall be determined according to the permissible service temperature of the materials listed in corresponding normative references.
1.5 In this standard, applicable nominal diameters of tube-shell heat exchangers shall not be greater than 4,000mm, and the product of design pressure (MPa) multiplied by nominal diameter (mm) shall not be greater than 2.7×104.
1.6 The tube-shell heat exchangers beyond the scope of 1.5 may be fabricated and constructed by reference to this standard.
1.7 This standard does not apply to the following heat exchangers:
a) Direct fired heat exchangers;
b) Flue-type exhaust (waste) heat boiler;
c) Heat exchangers with failure risk due to neutron damage in the nuclear-energy plant;
d) Non-metallic heat exchangers;
e) Heat exchangers otherwise specified in the national standards or professional standards in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
1.8 Defined range of heat exchanger;
a) Connection between the heat exchanger and the external pipe:
1) The first welded groove end face of girth joint;
2) The first threaded end face of threaded joint;
3) The first flange seal surface of flange connection;
4) The first seal surface of special connecting piece or pipe fittings connection.
b) Pressure head, flat-cover and its fasteners of connecting pipe, manhole, and handhole, etc.;
c) Attachment weld between non-pressure components and pressure components;
d) Non-pressure components directly connected to the heat exchangers, e.g. support and subplate;
e) Overpressure relief devices mounted to the heat exchangers.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the dated edition is applicable to this document. For undated references, the latest editions of the normative documents (including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB 150.1-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 1: General Requirements
GB 150.2-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 2: Materials
GB 150.3-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 3: Design
GB 150.4-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance
GB/T 1527-2006 Drawn Tube of Copper and Copper Alloys
GB/T 1804 General Tolerances-Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimensions without Individual Tolerance Indications
GB/T 2882-2013 Nickel and Nickel Alloys Tube
GB/T 3625-2007 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tube for Condensers and Heat Exchangers
GB 5310 Seamless Steel Tubes and Pipes for High Pressure Boiler
GB/T 5313-2010 Steel Plate with Through-thickness Characteristics
GB 6479 Seamless Steel Tubes for High-pressure Chemical Fertilizer Equipments
GB/T 6893-2010 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Cold Drawn (Rolled)Seamless Tubes
GB/T 8890-2007 Seamless Copper Alloy Tube for Heat-exchanger
GB 9948 Seamless Steel Tubes for Petroleum Cracking
GB 13296 Seamless Stainless Steel Tubes for Boiler and Heat Exchanger
GB 16749 Bellows Expansion Joints for Pressure Vessel
GB/T 21832 Austenitic - Ferritic (Duplex) Grade Stainless Steel Welded Tubes and Pipes
GB/T 21833 Austenitic - Ferritic (Duplex) Grade Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes and Pipes
GB/T 24590 Enhanced Tubes for Efficient Heat Exchanger
GB/T 24593 Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes for Boiler and Heat-exchanger
GB/T 26283-2010 Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Seamless Tubes
GB/T 26929 Terminology for Pressure Vessels
GB/T 28713 (All Parts) Enhanced Heat Transfer Elements Used in Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
GB/T 29463 (All Parts) Gaskets Used in Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
GB/T 29465 Shell Flange-rear Head End of Floating Heat Exchangers
NB/T 47002 (All Parts) Explosion Welded Clad Plate for Pressure Vessels
NB/T 47003.1 (JB/T 4735.1) Steel Welded Atmospheric Pressure Vessels
NB/T 47004 (JB/T 4752) Plate Heat Exchangers
NB/T 47006 (JB/T 4757) Aluminum Plate-fin Heat Exchanger
NB/T 47007 (JB/T 4758) Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
NB/T 47011 Zirconium Pressure Vessels
NB/T 47013.10 (JB/T 4730.10) Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments - Part 10: Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction Technique
NB/T 47014 (JB/T 4708) Welding Procedure Qualification for Pressure Equipment
NB/T 47019 (All Parts) Purchase Technical Specifications for Boiler & Heater Exchanger Tubes/Pipes
NB/T 47020 (JB/T 4700) Type and Specification for Pressure Vessel Flanges
NB/T 47021 (JB/T 4701) A-type Socket-weld Flange
NB/T 47022 (JB/T 4702) B-type Socket-weld Flange
NB/T 47023 (JB/T 4703) Welding Neck Flange
NB/T 47024 (JB/T 4704) Nonmetallic Gaskets
NB/T 47025 (JB/T 4705) Spiral Wound Gaskets
NB/T 47026 (JB/T 4706) Double-jacketed Gaskets
NB/T 47027 (JB/T 4707) Fasteners for Pressure Vessel Flanges
NB/T 47041-2014 (JB/T 4710) Steel Vertical Vessels Supported by Skirt
JB/T 4711 Coating and Packing for Pressure Vessels Transport
JB/T 4712.1 Vessel Supports - part 1: Saddle Support
JB/T 4712.3 Vessel Supports - Part 3: Lug Support
JB/T 4730 (All Parts) Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment
JB 4732-1995 Steel Pressure Vessels-Design by Analysis (Confirmed in 2005)
JB/T 4734 Aluminum Welded Vessels
JB/T 4745 Titanium Welded Vessels
JB/T 4751 Spiral Heat Exchanger
JB/T 4755 Copper Pressure Vessels
JB/T 4756 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pressure Vessels
HG/T 20592 Steel Pipe Flanges (PN Designated)
HG/T 20615 Steel Pipe Flanges (Class Designated)
TSG R0004-2009 Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions defined in GB 150.1-2011 and GB/T 26929 and the following ones apply.
3.1
Nominal diameter
DN
a) As for the rolled and the forged cylinder, the inner diameter (mm) is regarded as the nominal diameter of tube-shell heat exchangers.
b) As for the tube cylinder, the outer diameter (mm) is regarded as the nominal diameter of tube-shell heat exchangers.
c) As for the kettle-type reboiler, the inner (or outer) diameter (mm) of the header is regarded as the nominal diameter.
3.2
Heat transfer area
A
Contents of GB/T 151-2014
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General Requirements
4.1 General Rules
4.2 Qualifications and Responsibilities
4.3 Process Calculation
4.4 General Design Requirements
4.5 Permissible Stress
4.6 Classification and Coefficient of Welded Joints
4.7 Pressure-tight Test
4.8 Leakage Test
5 Materials
5.1 General Provisions
5.2 Cylinder and Head
5.3 Tube Sheet, Header Flat-cover and Flange
5.4 Heat Exchange Tube
5.5 Steel Bar for Stud (Including Bolt) and Nut
6 Structural Design
6.1 Main Components and Parts of Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
6.2 Model of Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
6.3 Tubeside
6.4 Heat Exchange Tube
6.5 Tube Sheet
6.6 Connection between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet
6.7 Welding Connection between Tube Sheet and Header or Shell
6.8 Shellside
6.9 Split Ring Floating Head
6.10 Shell
6.11 Stuffing Box
6.12 Expansion Joint
6.13 Connecting Pipe and Other Openings
6.14 Equipment Flange and Nozzle Flange
6.15 Sealing and Gasket
6.16 Support
6.17 Accessories
7 Design Calculation
7.1 Pressure-bearing Shell and Partition
7.2 Floating Head and Split Ring
7.3 Heat Exchange Tube
7.4 Tube Sheet
8 Fabrication, Inspection and Acceptance
8.1 General Rules
8.2 Cylinder
8.3 Heat Exchange Tube
8.4 Tube Sheet and Header Flat-cover
8.5 Baffle and Supporting Plate
8.6 Other Parts
8.7 Tube Bundle Assembly
8.8 Connection between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet
8.9 Weld
8.10 Heat Treatment
8.11 Assembling
8.12 Dimension Deviation
8.13 Pressure-tight Test and Leakage Test
8.14 Delivery Information
8.15 Nameplate
8.16 Coating and Transport Package
9 Installation, Operation and Maintenance
9.1 Site Installation
9.2 Test Run and Operation
9.3 Maintenance
Appendix A (Normative) Declaration of Standard Conformity and Revision
Appendix B (Informative) Heat Transfer Calculations of Tube-shell Heat Exchanger
Appendix C (Informative) Vibration Caused by Fluid
Appendix D (Informative) Physical Property Data of Common Fluids
Appendix E (Informative) Fouling Resistance
Appendix F (Informative) Heat Conductivity Coefficients of Metals
Appendix G (Informative) List for Properties of Heat Exchange Tubes
Appendix H (Informative) Weld Types of Welded Joints between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet
Appendix I (Informative) Welded Connection of Tube Sheet to Header and Shell
Appendix J (Informative) Calculation for the Area of Inlet and Outlet of Shell and Tube Bundle
Appendix K (Informative) Tube Sheet for Heat Exchanger with Corrugated Tubes
Appendix L (Informative) Bracing Tube Sheet
Appendix M (Informative) Flexible Tube Sheet
