Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles Part 2: Heavy-duty commercial vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for energy consumption and range of battery electric vehicles.
This document is applicable to battery electric vehicles with a maximum design total mass exceeding 3,500 kg, including trucks, semi-trailer towing vehicles, buses, dump trucks and city-buses. For dump trucks, the relevant measurement methods of concrete mixer trucks may be referenced, and for other special transport vehicles, the relevant measurement methods of trucks may be referenced.
This document does not apply to special goods vehicles, including special goods vans, special goods tankers, special goods trippers, special goods stake trucks, special goods cranes and special construction vehicles, etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute indispensable requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 7258 Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB/T 12534 Motor vehicles — General rules of road test method
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6)
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 27840 Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles
GB/T 38146.2-2019 China automotive test cycle — Part 2: Light-duty vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 7258, GB/T 19596, GB 18352.6-2016 and GB/T 38146.2-2019 apply.
4 Test conditions
4.1 Environmental conditions
4.1.1 Ambient temperature (23 ± 5)°C is recommended. The ambient temperature range may be expanded to 5°C~35°C upon being suggested by the automobile manufacturer and confirmed by the inspection agency. During the test and at the beginning and end of the test, the temperature shall not exceed such range, and the actual ambient temperature shall be indicated in the test report.
4.1.2 The relative humidity shall less than 95%.
4.1.3 The atmospheric pressure shall be 91 kPa~104 kPa.
4.2 Measuring parameters, units and accuracy
4.2.1 The test equipment for test shall meet the relevant requirements of CD.1, CD.2 and CD.5 in GB 18352.6-2016.
4.2.2 Table 1 specifies the measuring parameters, units and accuracy in the test.
Table 1 Requirements of measuring parameters, units and accuracy
4.3 Test vehicle
4.3.1 Mass of test vehicle
4.3.1.1 City-buses shall be tested at 65% of the maximum design loading mass. The setting of road load shall refer to the coasting test specified in GB/T 27840. Suggested by the vehicle manufacturer and confirmed by the inspection agency, the setting of road load may also be calculated using the interpolation method of the recommended scheme for the driving resistance coefficient specified in GB/T 27840, or, in case of testing at the state of maximum design total mass, the setting of road load may refer to the recommended scheme for coasting test or driving resistance coefficient specified in GB/T 27840; other heavy-duty commercial vehicles shall be tested at the state of maximum design total mass, and the road load shall be set with reference to the recommended scheme for coasting test or driving resistance coefficient specified in GB/T 27840.
4.3.1.2 The occupant weight and load distribution requirements shall be in accordance with GB/T 12534.
Note: For semi-trailer tractors, the maximum design total mass in this standard refers to the maximum mass of automobile or train.
4.3.2 Vehicle conditions
4.3.2.1 The test vehicles shall be loaded according to the technical specifications for each test.
4.3.2.2 The tyres shall be of a type served as an original accessory by the vehicle manufacturer and be inflated with the tyre inflation pressure corresponding to the maximum test load and speed, as recommended by the manufacturer. The viscosity of oil for the mechanical moving parts shall conform to the specification of the vehicle manufacturer.
4.3.2.3 The vehicle-mounted lighting, signaling and auxiliary devices shall be off, except those required for test and day-time operation.
4.3.2.4 All energy storage systems available other than those for driving purposes (electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) shall be charged up to their maximum level specified by the manufacturer.
4.3.2.5 The test driver shall follow the procedure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer to keep the REESS operating within its normal operating temperature.
4.3.2.6 Before test, the test vehicle shall run at least 300 km with the REESS installed in the test vehicle.
4.3.2.7 If the test vehicle has the function of braking energy recovery, the same control strategy for the road vehicle when testing on the chassis dynamometer shall be applied. If a vehicle is equipped with an antilock brake system (ABS), a traction control system (TCS), or an electronic braking system (EBS) and is tested on a single-axle driven chassis dynamometer, non-rotating wheels that are not mounted on the drum and wheel hub may be mistakenly considered as faulty systems in these systems, which shall be shielded for normal system operation.
4.3.3 Setting of road load
For driving resistance determination and simulation on a chassis dynamometer, refer to GB/T 27840. The braking energy recovery system shall be shielded during the road and chassis dynamometer coasting tests. Other accessories of the vehicle shall be in the same state (e.g. the air conditioner is turned off) in the road and chassis dynamometer coasting tests.
4.4 Test cycle
4.4.1 The energy consumption and range of the test vehicle shall be measured according to the CHTC specified in Annex A of GB/T 38146.2-2019. Among which, the city-buses adopt CHTC-B; buses (excluding city-buses) adopt CHTC-C; trucks (excluding dump trucks) adopt CHTC-LT (GVW ≤ 5,500 kg) or CHTC-HT (GVW > 5,500 kg); dump trucks adopt CHTC-D; semi-trailer towing vehicles adopt CHTC-TT.
4.4.2 If the maximum speed of the vehicle is less than that of CHTC, the test cycle shall be corrected in accordance with the provisions of CA.5 of GB 18352.6-2016 if the target speed is greater than the maximum speed of the vehicle.
5 Test procedure
5.1 Overall requirements
Foreword I Introduction III 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Test conditions 4.1 Environmental conditions 4.2 Measuring parameters, units and accuracy 4.3 Test vehicle 4.4 Test cycle 5 Test procedure 5.1 Overall requirements 5.2 Tolerances 5.3 Conditions for terminating the test 5.4 Initial charging of REESS 5.5 Range test 5.6 REESS charging and energy measurement 6 Calculation method of range and energy consumption 6.1 General 6.2 Energy consumption 6.3 Range of vehicles 7 Driving mode 7.1 General 7.2 Selection of driving mode Annex A (Nominative) Determination of REESS current and voltage
Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles Part 2: Heavy-duty commercial vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for energy consumption and range of battery electric vehicles.
This document is applicable to battery electric vehicles with a maximum design total mass exceeding 3,500 kg, including trucks, semi-trailer towing vehicles, buses, dump trucks and city-buses. For dump trucks, the relevant measurement methods of concrete mixer trucks may be referenced, and for other special transport vehicles, the relevant measurement methods of trucks may be referenced.
This document does not apply to special goods vehicles, including special goods vans, special goods tankers, special goods trippers, special goods stake trucks, special goods cranes and special construction vehicles, etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute indispensable requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 7258 Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB/T 12534 Motor vehicles — General rules of road test method
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6)
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 27840 Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles
GB/T 38146.2-2019 China automotive test cycle — Part 2: Light-duty vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 7258, GB/T 19596, GB 18352.6-2016 and GB/T 38146.2-2019 apply.
4 Test conditions
4.1 Environmental conditions
4.1.1 Ambient temperature (23 ± 5)°C is recommended. The ambient temperature range may be expanded to 5°C~35°C upon being suggested by the automobile manufacturer and confirmed by the inspection agency. During the test and at the beginning and end of the test, the temperature shall not exceed such range, and the actual ambient temperature shall be indicated in the test report.
4.1.2 The relative humidity shall less than 95%.
4.1.3 The atmospheric pressure shall be 91 kPa~104 kPa.
4.2 Measuring parameters, units and accuracy
4.2.1 The test equipment for test shall meet the relevant requirements of CD.1, CD.2 and CD.5 in GB 18352.6-2016.
4.2.2 Table 1 specifies the measuring parameters, units and accuracy in the test.
Table 1 Requirements of measuring parameters, units and accuracy
4.3 Test vehicle
4.3.1 Mass of test vehicle
4.3.1.1 City-buses shall be tested at 65% of the maximum design loading mass. The setting of road load shall refer to the coasting test specified in GB/T 27840. Suggested by the vehicle manufacturer and confirmed by the inspection agency, the setting of road load may also be calculated using the interpolation method of the recommended scheme for the driving resistance coefficient specified in GB/T 27840, or, in case of testing at the state of maximum design total mass, the setting of road load may refer to the recommended scheme for coasting test or driving resistance coefficient specified in GB/T 27840; other heavy-duty commercial vehicles shall be tested at the state of maximum design total mass, and the road load shall be set with reference to the recommended scheme for coasting test or driving resistance coefficient specified in GB/T 27840.
4.3.1.2 The occupant weight and load distribution requirements shall be in accordance with GB/T 12534.
Note: For semi-trailer tractors, the maximum design total mass in this standard refers to the maximum mass of automobile or train.
4.3.2 Vehicle conditions
4.3.2.1 The test vehicles shall be loaded according to the technical specifications for each test.
4.3.2.2 The tyres shall be of a type served as an original accessory by the vehicle manufacturer and be inflated with the tyre inflation pressure corresponding to the maximum test load and speed, as recommended by the manufacturer. The viscosity of oil for the mechanical moving parts shall conform to the specification of the vehicle manufacturer.
4.3.2.3 The vehicle-mounted lighting, signaling and auxiliary devices shall be off, except those required for test and day-time operation.
4.3.2.4 All energy storage systems available other than those for driving purposes (electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) shall be charged up to their maximum level specified by the manufacturer.
4.3.2.5 The test driver shall follow the procedure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer to keep the REESS operating within its normal operating temperature.
4.3.2.6 Before test, the test vehicle shall run at least 300 km with the REESS installed in the test vehicle.
4.3.2.7 If the test vehicle has the function of braking energy recovery, the same control strategy for the road vehicle when testing on the chassis dynamometer shall be applied. If a vehicle is equipped with an antilock brake system (ABS), a traction control system (TCS), or an electronic braking system (EBS) and is tested on a single-axle driven chassis dynamometer, non-rotating wheels that are not mounted on the drum and wheel hub may be mistakenly considered as faulty systems in these systems, which shall be shielded for normal system operation.
4.3.3 Setting of road load
For driving resistance determination and simulation on a chassis dynamometer, refer to GB/T 27840. The braking energy recovery system shall be shielded during the road and chassis dynamometer coasting tests. Other accessories of the vehicle shall be in the same state (e.g. the air conditioner is turned off) in the road and chassis dynamometer coasting tests.
4.4 Test cycle
4.4.1 The energy consumption and range of the test vehicle shall be measured according to the CHTC specified in Annex A of GB/T 38146.2-2019. Among which, the city-buses adopt CHTC-B; buses (excluding city-buses) adopt CHTC-C; trucks (excluding dump trucks) adopt CHTC-LT (GVW ≤ 5,500 kg) or CHTC-HT (GVW > 5,500 kg); dump trucks adopt CHTC-D; semi-trailer towing vehicles adopt CHTC-TT.
4.4.2 If the maximum speed of the vehicle is less than that of CHTC, the test cycle shall be corrected in accordance with the provisions of CA.5 of GB 18352.6-2016 if the target speed is greater than the maximum speed of the vehicle.
5 Test procedure
5.1 Overall requirements
Contents of GB/T 18386.2-2022
Foreword I
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test conditions
4.1 Environmental conditions
4.2 Measuring parameters, units and accuracy
4.3 Test vehicle
4.4 Test cycle
5 Test procedure
5.1 Overall requirements
5.2 Tolerances
5.3 Conditions for terminating the test
5.4 Initial charging of REESS
5.5 Range test
5.6 REESS charging and energy measurement
6 Calculation method of range and energy consumption
6.1 General
6.2 Energy consumption
6.3 Range of vehicles
7 Driving mode
7.1 General
7.2 Selection of driving mode
Annex A (Nominative) Determination of REESS current and voltage
