This document specifies the spectral characteristics of various imperfections found during visual testing of industrial endoscopy (hereinafter referred to as endoscopy).
This document is applicable for the evaluation of the internal structure and inner surface morphology features of metallic or non-metallic components of industrial products, and the indirect visual surface imperfections using endoscopy reference atlas.
Note: The atlas provided in this document serves as a reference for evaluating imperfection images. By comparing example photos with reference atlas, the morphology of imperfections is analyzed and evaluated.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
4 Composition of atlas
The atlas provides the imperfection morphology on the inner surface of raw materials, high-temperature pipelines, pressure vessels, gearboxes, mechanical processing, welds, operating conditions of in-service equipment and test faults.
The atlas provides 78 images of 34 different features of 5 types, as shown in Table 1, according to morphology features of such imperfections including surface conditions of raw materials, such as peeling, wrinkling, folding, draw marks, scratches, scuff marks, scoring, pits, bulges and cracks; the excess, rust mark, rust, corrosion, spots, burrs, flanging, tool marks, gear marks, boring and milling cutters, and oxide scales of machined parts; the weld surface conditions (uneven weld formation, welding spatter, welding overlap, arc damage, misalignment, incomplete penetration, porosity, and welding slag), the surface conditions of the brazing weld, weld oxidation, weld cracks; abrasion, fracture, coating loss and coating shedding of in-service equipment; the overburning, burning through, ablation, coating oxidation, coating curling, etc., of the test fault parts.
5 Typical imperfection atlas
5.1 Peeling
When illuminated by the beam, the peeling shows sheet bulges with obvious white reflective bright spots compared with the substrate surface around the tested piece, and there is clear boundary shadow between the peeling area and the surrounding substrate. See Figure 1 for the reference atlas for transverse peeling, and Figure 2 for the reference atlas for longitudinal peeling.
5.2 Wrinkling
When illuminated by the beam, the peeling shows irregular white reflective bulges compared with the substrate surface around the tested piece, and there is clear boundary shadow between the wrinkling area and the surrounding substrate. See Figure 3 for the reference atlas for annular wrinkling and Figure 4 for the reference atlas for short-line wrinkling.
5.3 Folding
Foreword i Introduction ii 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Composition of atlas 5 Typical imperfection atlas Bibliography
Non-destructive testing - Industrial endoscopy visual testing - Part 2: Atlas
1 Scope
This document specifies the spectral characteristics of various imperfections found during visual testing of industrial endoscopy (hereinafter referred to as endoscopy).
This document is applicable for the evaluation of the internal structure and inner surface morphology features of metallic or non-metallic components of industrial products, and the indirect visual surface imperfections using endoscopy reference atlas.
Note: The atlas provided in this document serves as a reference for evaluating imperfection images. By comparing example photos with reference atlas, the morphology of imperfections is analyzed and evaluated.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
4 Composition of atlas
The atlas provides the imperfection morphology on the inner surface of raw materials, high-temperature pipelines, pressure vessels, gearboxes, mechanical processing, welds, operating conditions of in-service equipment and test faults.
The atlas provides 78 images of 34 different features of 5 types, as shown in Table 1, according to morphology features of such imperfections including surface conditions of raw materials, such as peeling, wrinkling, folding, draw marks, scratches, scuff marks, scoring, pits, bulges and cracks; the excess, rust mark, rust, corrosion, spots, burrs, flanging, tool marks, gear marks, boring and milling cutters, and oxide scales of machined parts; the weld surface conditions (uneven weld formation, welding spatter, welding overlap, arc damage, misalignment, incomplete penetration, porosity, and welding slag), the surface conditions of the brazing weld, weld oxidation, weld cracks; abrasion, fracture, coating loss and coating shedding of in-service equipment; the overburning, burning through, ablation, coating oxidation, coating curling, etc., of the test fault parts.
5 Typical imperfection atlas
5.1 Peeling
When illuminated by the beam, the peeling shows sheet bulges with obvious white reflective bright spots compared with the substrate surface around the tested piece, and there is clear boundary shadow between the peeling area and the surrounding substrate. See Figure 1 for the reference atlas for transverse peeling, and Figure 2 for the reference atlas for longitudinal peeling.
5.2 Wrinkling
When illuminated by the beam, the peeling shows irregular white reflective bulges compared with the substrate surface around the tested piece, and there is clear boundary shadow between the wrinkling area and the surrounding substrate. See Figure 3 for the reference atlas for annular wrinkling and Figure 4 for the reference atlas for short-line wrinkling.
5.3 Folding
Contents of GB/T 41856.2-2022
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Composition of atlas
5 Typical imperfection atlas
Bibliography
