1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to preventing fire accidents in buildings, reducing fire hazards and protecting personal and property safety.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the following constructed, renovated and extended buildings:
1 Factory buildings;
2 Storages;
3 Civil buildings;
4 Class A, B, C liquid tanks (tank farm);
5 Combustible and combustion-supporting gas tanks (tank farm);
6 Stackyard for combustibles;
7 City road tunnels.
If special national standards are available, the fire protection design of buildings for civil air defense engineering, petroleum and natural gas engineering, petrochemical engineering, thermal power plants and substations should comply with such standards.
1.0.3 This code is not applicable to the fire protection design of buildings such as factory buildings (storages) for gunpowder, explosive and their products as well as fireworks and firecrackers.
1.0.4 Where occupancies for different purposes are arranged in the same building, fire separation shall be provided between them. The fire protection design for this building and their functional occupancies shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of this code.
1.0.5 The fire protection design of buildings shall comply with the relevant national principles and policies, and guarantee, on the whole, safety and usability, advanced technology as well as economy and rationality according to the characteristics of buildings and fire hazards in them.
1.0.6 In addition to meeting the requirements of this code, the buildings with height larger than 250m shall also be taken with stricter fire prevention measures according to the actual conditions. Their fire protection design shall be submitted to the national fire authorities for subject study and demonstration.
1.0.7 In addition to the requirements of this code, the fire protection design of buildings shall also comply with those specified in the current relevant standards of the nation.
2 Terminologies and Symbols
2.1 Terminologies
2.1.1 High-rise building
The residential buildings with height larger than 27m and the non-single-storey factory buildings, storages and other civil buildings with height larger than 24m.
Note: The calculation of building height shall meet those specified in Appendix A of this code.
2.1.2 Podium
The ancillary building with height not larger than 24m, which is beyond the projection of the main body of high-rise building but is connected with the main body.
2.1.3 Important public building
The public building which may cause heavy casualties, property loss and severe social impact in case of fire.
2.1.4 Commercial facilities
Small business houses such as stores, post offices, savings banks, barbershops located on the first floor or on the first floor and second floor of residential buildings, with the building area of each separated unit not larger than 300m2.
2.1.5 High rack storage
Mechanical or automatic rack storage, with rack height larger than 7m.
2.1.6 Semi-basement
A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor design ground for 1/3~1/2 of the average clear height of such room.
2.1.7 Basement
A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor design ground greater than 1/2 of the average clear height of such room.
2.1.8 Open flame location
A fixed location, indoor or outdoor, with exposed flame or red hot surface, excluding cooking appliance, induction cooker and the like in a civil building.
2.1.9 Sparking site
A fixed location like chimney with spotting fire, or for such operations as outdoor grinding wheel, electric welding, gas welding and gas cutting.
2.1.10 Fire resistance rating
A period starting from the time that the elements, accessories or structures of a building are exposed to fire, under standard fire resistance conditions, to the time that they lose bearing capacity, integrity or insulation, expressed in hours.
2.1.11 Fire partition wall
Non-combustible wall in a building, with fire resistance rating not inferior to relevant requirements, for preventing fire from spreading to adjacent areas.
2.1.12 Fire wall
Non-combustible wall in a building, with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h, for preventing fire from spreading to adjacent buildings or adjacent horizontal fire compartments.
2.1.13 Refuge floor (room)
A floor (room) in a building, for temporarily protecting people from fire and its smoke in case of fire.
2.1.14 Safety exit
Exit and entrance of staircase and external stair for safe evacuation of people or exit directly leading to internal and external safe areas.
2.1.15 Enclosed staircase
Staircase set with a door at its entrance, for preventing fire smoke and heat from entering into it.
2.1.16 Smoke-proof staircase
Staircase set with such facilities as smoke-proof front room, open balcony or concave corridor (collectively called as "front room") at its entrance and with all the doors leading to the front room and staircase of fire doors, for preventing fire smoke and heat from entering into it.
2.1.17 Exit passageway
Passageway which is taken with smoke-proof measures and is also set with fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h on both sides for people to go to outside safely.
2.1.18 Flash point
The lowest temperature (determined by closed cup method) of combustible liquid or solid where the mixture of vapor on their surface and air can flashover once meeting ignition source under specified test conditions.
2.1.19 Lower explosion limit
The minimum concentration where the mixture of combustible vapor, gas or dust with air can explode once meeting ignition source.
2.1.20 Boil-over oil
Water-contained oil products which can produce heat wave during combustion.
2.1.21 Fire separation distance
A spacing distance for preventing a burning building from igniting its adjacent buildings within certain time and facilitating fire control.
Note: The calculation method for fire separation distance shall meet those specified in Appendix B of this code.
2.1.22 Fire compartment
Partial space in a building, separated by fire wall, floor slab and other fire separation facilities and capable of preventing fire from spreading to the rest parts of the building within certain time.
2.1.23 Full water spout
A jet length from hose nozzle to a position where water spout equal to 90% of the jet flow passes through a round hole in diameter of 380mm.
2.2 Symbols
A - the pressure relief area
C - the pressure relief ratio
D - the diameter of storage tank
DN - the nominal diameter of pipe
ΔH - the height difference of buildings
L - the enclosed length of tunnel
N - the number of people
n - the number of seats
K - the characteristic index of explosion
V - the volume of building and stackyard or the volume or capacity of tank and bottle group
W - the capacity of stackyard for combustibles or grain silo, bin and barn
1 General Provisions
2 Terminologies and Symbols
2.1 Terminologies
2.2 Symbols
3 Factory Buildings and Storages
3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards
3.2 Fire Resistance Class of Factory Buildings and Storages
3.3 Storeys, Occupied Area and Plane Arrangement of Factory Buildings and Storages
3.4 Fire Separation Distance of Factory Buildings
3.5 Fire Separation Distance of Storages
3.6 Explosion Prevention of Factory Buildings and Storages
3.7 Safe Evacuation of Factory Buildings
3.8 Safe Evacuation of Storages
4 Class A, B, C Liquid and Gas Tanks (Tank Farm) and Stackyard for Combustibles
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Fire Separation Distance of Class A, B, C Liquid Tanks (Tank Farm)
4.3 Fire Separation Distance of Combustible and Combustion-supporting Gas Tanks (Tank Farm)
4.4 Fire Separation Distance of LPG Tanks (Tank Farm)
4.5 Fire Separation Distance of Stackyard for Combustibles
5 Civil Buildings
5.1 Classification and Fire Resistance Class
5.2 General Layout
5.3 Fire Compartment and Storeys
5.4 Plane Arrangement
5.5 Safe Evacuation and Refuge
6 Building Construction
6.1 Fire Wall
6.2 Building Elements and Pipe Shafts
6.3 Roof, Blind Ceiling and Joints
6.4 Evacuation Staircases and Stairs
6.5 Fire Door, Window and Fire Roller Shutter
6.6 Overpass, Trestle and Pipe Trench
6.7 Building Insulation and Exterior Wall Finish System
7 Fire Fighting and Rescue Facilities
7.1 Fire Lane
7.2 Field for Fire Fighting
7.3 Fire Elevator
7.4 Helicopter Landing Pad
8 Arrangement of Fire-fighting Facilities
8.1 General Requirements
8.2 Indoor Fire Hydrant System
8.3 Automatic Fire Extinguishing System
8.4 Fire Alarm System
8.5 Smoke Control and Smoke Exhaust System
9 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Heating
9.3 Ventilating and Air Conditioning
10 Electric System
10.1 Fire Power Supply and Distribution
10.2 Power Line and Electric Equipment
10.3 Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indicating Sign
11 Timber Buildings
12 City Road Tunnel
12.1 General Requirements
12.2 Fire Water Supply and Fire Extinguishing Equipment
12.3 Ventilating and Smoke Exhaust System
12.4 Fire Alarm System
12.5 Power Supply and Other Requirements
Appendix A Calculation Method of Building Height and Storeys
Appendix B Calculation Method of Fire Separation Distance
Appendix C Temperature-rise Curve for Fire Resistance Rating Test and Performance Criteria of Load-bearing Structure in Tunnel
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to preventing fire accidents in buildings, reducing fire hazards and protecting personal and property safety.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the following constructed, renovated and extended buildings:
1 Factory buildings;
2 Storages;
3 Civil buildings;
4 Class A, B, C liquid tanks (tank farm);
5 Combustible and combustion-supporting gas tanks (tank farm);
6 Stackyard for combustibles;
7 City road tunnels.
If special national standards are available, the fire protection design of buildings for civil air defense engineering, petroleum and natural gas engineering, petrochemical engineering, thermal power plants and substations should comply with such standards.
1.0.3 This code is not applicable to the fire protection design of buildings such as factory buildings (storages) for gunpowder, explosive and their products as well as fireworks and firecrackers.
1.0.4 Where occupancies for different purposes are arranged in the same building, fire separation shall be provided between them. The fire protection design for this building and their functional occupancies shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of this code.
1.0.5 The fire protection design of buildings shall comply with the relevant national principles and policies, and guarantee, on the whole, safety and usability, advanced technology as well as economy and rationality according to the characteristics of buildings and fire hazards in them.
1.0.6 In addition to meeting the requirements of this code, the buildings with height larger than 250m shall also be taken with stricter fire prevention measures according to the actual conditions. Their fire protection design shall be submitted to the national fire authorities for subject study and demonstration.
1.0.7 In addition to the requirements of this code, the fire protection design of buildings shall also comply with those specified in the current relevant standards of the nation.
2 Terminologies and Symbols
2.1 Terminologies
2.1.1 High-rise building
The residential buildings with height larger than 27m and the non-single-storey factory buildings, storages and other civil buildings with height larger than 24m.
Note: The calculation of building height shall meet those specified in Appendix A of this code.
2.1.2 Podium
The ancillary building with height not larger than 24m, which is beyond the projection of the main body of high-rise building but is connected with the main body.
2.1.3 Important public building
The public building which may cause heavy casualties, property loss and severe social impact in case of fire.
2.1.4 Commercial facilities
Small business houses such as stores, post offices, savings banks, barbershops located on the first floor or on the first floor and second floor of residential buildings, with the building area of each separated unit not larger than 300m2.
2.1.5 High rack storage
Mechanical or automatic rack storage, with rack height larger than 7m.
2.1.6 Semi-basement
A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor design ground for 1/3~1/2 of the average clear height of such room.
2.1.7 Basement
A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor design ground greater than 1/2 of the average clear height of such room.
2.1.8 Open flame location
A fixed location, indoor or outdoor, with exposed flame or red hot surface, excluding cooking appliance, induction cooker and the like in a civil building.
2.1.9 Sparking site
A fixed location like chimney with spotting fire, or for such operations as outdoor grinding wheel, electric welding, gas welding and gas cutting.
2.1.10 Fire resistance rating
A period starting from the time that the elements, accessories or structures of a building are exposed to fire, under standard fire resistance conditions, to the time that they lose bearing capacity, integrity or insulation, expressed in hours.
2.1.11 Fire partition wall
Non-combustible wall in a building, with fire resistance rating not inferior to relevant requirements, for preventing fire from spreading to adjacent areas.
2.1.12 Fire wall
Non-combustible wall in a building, with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h, for preventing fire from spreading to adjacent buildings or adjacent horizontal fire compartments.
2.1.13 Refuge floor (room)
A floor (room) in a building, for temporarily protecting people from fire and its smoke in case of fire.
2.1.14 Safety exit
Exit and entrance of staircase and external stair for safe evacuation of people or exit directly leading to internal and external safe areas.
2.1.15 Enclosed staircase
Staircase set with a door at its entrance, for preventing fire smoke and heat from entering into it.
2.1.16 Smoke-proof staircase
Staircase set with such facilities as smoke-proof front room, open balcony or concave corridor (collectively called as "front room") at its entrance and with all the doors leading to the front room and staircase of fire doors, for preventing fire smoke and heat from entering into it.
2.1.17 Exit passageway
Passageway which is taken with smoke-proof measures and is also set with fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h on both sides for people to go to outside safely.
2.1.18 Flash point
The lowest temperature (determined by closed cup method) of combustible liquid or solid where the mixture of vapor on their surface and air can flashover once meeting ignition source under specified test conditions.
2.1.19 Lower explosion limit
The minimum concentration where the mixture of combustible vapor, gas or dust with air can explode once meeting ignition source.
2.1.20 Boil-over oil
Water-contained oil products which can produce heat wave during combustion.
2.1.21 Fire separation distance
A spacing distance for preventing a burning building from igniting its adjacent buildings within certain time and facilitating fire control.
Note: The calculation method for fire separation distance shall meet those specified in Appendix B of this code.
2.1.22 Fire compartment
Partial space in a building, separated by fire wall, floor slab and other fire separation facilities and capable of preventing fire from spreading to the rest parts of the building within certain time.
2.1.23 Full water spout
A jet length from hose nozzle to a position where water spout equal to 90% of the jet flow passes through a round hole in diameter of 380mm.
2.2 Symbols
A - the pressure relief area
C - the pressure relief ratio
D - the diameter of storage tank
DN - the nominal diameter of pipe
ΔH - the height difference of buildings
L - the enclosed length of tunnel
N - the number of people
n - the number of seats
K - the characteristic index of explosion
V - the volume of building and stackyard or the volume or capacity of tank and bottle group
W - the capacity of stackyard for combustibles or grain silo, bin and barn
Contents of GB 50016-2014（2018）
1 General Provisions
2 Terminologies and Symbols
2.1 Terminologies
2.2 Symbols
3 Factory Buildings and Storages
3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards
3.2 Fire Resistance Class of Factory Buildings and Storages
3.3 Storeys, Occupied Area and Plane Arrangement of Factory Buildings and Storages
3.4 Fire Separation Distance of Factory Buildings
3.5 Fire Separation Distance of Storages
3.6 Explosion Prevention of Factory Buildings and Storages
3.7 Safe Evacuation of Factory Buildings
3.8 Safe Evacuation of Storages
4 Class A, B, C Liquid and Gas Tanks (Tank Farm) and Stackyard for Combustibles
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Fire Separation Distance of Class A, B, C Liquid Tanks (Tank Farm)
4.3 Fire Separation Distance of Combustible and Combustion-supporting Gas Tanks (Tank Farm)
4.4 Fire Separation Distance of LPG Tanks (Tank Farm)
4.5 Fire Separation Distance of Stackyard for Combustibles
5 Civil Buildings
5.1 Classification and Fire Resistance Class
5.2 General Layout
5.3 Fire Compartment and Storeys
5.4 Plane Arrangement
5.5 Safe Evacuation and Refuge
6 Building Construction
6.1 Fire Wall
6.2 Building Elements and Pipe Shafts
6.3 Roof, Blind Ceiling and Joints
6.4 Evacuation Staircases and Stairs
6.5 Fire Door, Window and Fire Roller Shutter
6.6 Overpass, Trestle and Pipe Trench
6.7 Building Insulation and Exterior Wall Finish System
7 Fire Fighting and Rescue Facilities
7.1 Fire Lane
7.2 Field for Fire Fighting
7.3 Fire Elevator
7.4 Helicopter Landing Pad
8 Arrangement of Fire-fighting Facilities
8.1 General Requirements
8.2 Indoor Fire Hydrant System
8.3 Automatic Fire Extinguishing System
8.4 Fire Alarm System
8.5 Smoke Control and Smoke Exhaust System
9 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Heating
9.3 Ventilating and Air Conditioning
10 Electric System
10.1 Fire Power Supply and Distribution
10.2 Power Line and Electric Equipment
10.3 Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indicating Sign
11 Timber Buildings
12 City Road Tunnel
12.1 General Requirements
12.2 Fire Water Supply and Fire Extinguishing Equipment
12.3 Ventilating and Smoke Exhaust System
12.4 Fire Alarm System
12.5 Power Supply and Other Requirements
Appendix A Calculation Method of Building Height and Storeys
Appendix B Calculation Method of Fire Separation Distance
Appendix C Temperature-rise Curve for Fire Resistance Rating Test and Performance Criteria of Load-bearing Structure in Tunnel
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards
