Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles
1 Scope
This document specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly, and testing of bicycles and sub-assemblies having saddle height as given in Table 1, and lays down guidelines for manufacturer’s instructions on the use and care of such bicycles.
This document applies to young adult bicycles with maximum saddle height of 635mm or more and less than 750mm, city and trekking bicycles, mountain bicycles, and racing bicycles that have a maximum saddle height of 635mm or more including folding bicycles (see Table 1 and Figure 1) and sharing bicycles.
This document does not apply to specialized types of bicycle, such as delivery bicycles, recumbent bicycles, tandems, BMX bicycles, and bicycles designed and equipped for use in severe applications such as sanctioned competition events, stunting, or aerobatic manoeuvres.
Note: For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435mm or less, see GB 6675.2, and with a maximum saddle height of more than 435mm and less than 635mm, see GB 14746.
Table 1 Maximum saddle height
In mm
Bicycle type City and trekking bicycles Young adult bicycles Mountain bicycles Racing bicycles
Maximum saddle height ≥635 ≥635 and<750 ≥635 ≥6
Key:
H——maximum saddle height;
1——minimum insertion-depth mark;
2——ground plane.
Figure 1 Maximum saddle height
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3565.1-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 1: Terms and definitions (ISO 4210-1: 2014, MOD)
GB/T 3565.3-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 3: Common test methods (ISO 4210-3: 2014, IDT)
GB/T 3565.4-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4: Braking test methods (ISO 4210-4: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.4-2022 and that from ISO 4210-4: 2014.
GB/T 3565.5-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 5: Steering test methods (ISO 4210-5: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.5-2022 and that from ISO 4210-5: 2014.
GB/T 3565.6-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 6:Frame and fork test methods (ISO 4210-6: 2015, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.6-2022 and that from ISO 4210-6: 2015.
GB/T 3565.7-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 7: Wheel and rim test methods (ISO 4210-7: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.7-2022 and that from ISO 4210-7: 2014.
GB/T 3565.8-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 8: Pedal and drive system test methods (ISO 4210-8: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.8-2022 and that from ISO 4210-8: 2014.
GB/T 3565.9-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 9: Saddle and seat-post test methods (ISO 4210-9: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.9-2022 and that from ISO 4210-9: 2014.
GB/T 3579 Cycle chains - Characteristics and test methods (GB/T 3579-2006, ISO 9633: 2001, IDT)
GB 6675.1
Toys safety - Part 1: Basic code
GB 6675.4 Safety of toys - Part 4: Migration of certain elements
GB/T 9749-2008 Performance testing method for cycle tyres
GB/T 22048 Determination of certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products
GB/T 22790 Cycles - Luggage carriers (GB/T 22790-2008, ISO 11243: 1994, IDT)
GB/T 23263
Determination of asbestos in products
GB/T 31887.1 Cycles - Lighting and retro-reflective devices - Part 1: Lighting and light signalling devices (GB/T 31887.1-2019, ISO 6742-1: 2015, MOD)
GB/T 31887.2 Cycles - Lighting and retro-reflective devices - Part 2: Retro-reflective devices (GB/T 31887.2-2019, ISO 6742-2: 2015, MOD)
GB/T 31887.3
Cycles - Lighting and retro-reflective devices - Part 3:Installation and use of lighting and retro-reflective devices (ISO 6742-3: 2015, IDT)
ISO 14878 Cycles - Audible warning devices - Technical specifications and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 3565.1-2022 apply.
4 Requirements
4.1 Harmful substance
Any components in close contact with the rider, such as paint and polymer coating on the frame, saddle surface, handlebar grip and brake lever, shall meet the limits of migration elements (other toy materials) and plasticizers (all products including those that can be put in the mouth) specified in GB 6675.1.
The limits of migration elements in components are measured according to the method described in GB 6675.4, and the content of plasticizers is measured according to the method described in GB/T 22048.
4.2 Sharp edges
Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider’s hands, legs, etc., during normal riding or normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp, e.g. deburred, broken, rolled, or processed with comparable techniques.
Note: See GB/T 19096-2003.
4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners
4.3.1 Security of screws
Any screws used in the assembly of damping mechanism, brackets attached to electric generators, brake mechanisms and mudguards to the frame or fork shall be provided with suitable locking devices, e.g. lock-washers, lock-nuts, thread locking compound, or stiff nuts. Fasteners used to assemble hub and disc brakes shall have heat-resistant locking devices.
Note 1: The screws used to attach the hub generator are not included.
Note 2: For example, mechanical and physical properties of bolts are specified in GB/T 3098.1.
4.3.2 Minimum failure torque
The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handle bars, handlebar stems, bar ends, saddle and seat-posts shall be at least 20% greater than the manufacturer’s recommended tightening torque.
Note: If the manufacturer's recommended tightening torque has a range, the recommended maximum tightening torque shall be used.
4.3.3 Folding bicycle mechanism
If folding bicycle mechanism is provided, it shall be designed so that the bicycle can be locked for use in a simple, stable, safe way, and when folded, no damage shall occur to any cables. No locking mechanism shall contact the wheels or tyres during riding, and it shall be impossible to unintentionally loosen or unlock the folding mechanisms during riding.
4.4 Crack detection methods
Standardized methods shall be used to emphasize the presence of cracks where visible cracks are specified as criteria of failure in tests specified in this document.
Foreword i
Introduction v
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements
4.1 Harmful substance
4.2 Sharp edges
4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners
4.4 Crack detection methods
4.5 Protrusions
4.6 Brakes
4.7 Steering
4.8 Frames
4.9 Front fork
4.10 Wheels and wheel/tyre assembly
4.11 Rims, tyres, and tubes
4.12 Front mudguard
4.13 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system
4.14 Drive-chain and drive belt
4.15 Chain-wheel and belt-drive protective device
4.16 Saddles and seat-posts
4.17 Spoke protector
4.18 Luggage carriers
4.19 Road test of a fully assembled bicycle
4.20 Lighting systems and reflectors
4.21 Warning device
5 Manufacturer’s instructions
6 Marking
6.1 Location and content
6.2 Durability test
Annex A (Informative) Comparison of clause/subclause numbers between this document and ISO 4210-2:2015
Annex B (Informative) Technical differences between this document and ISO 4210-2:2015 and their justifications
Annex C (Informative) Steering geometry
Bibliography
Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles
1 Scope
This document specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly, and testing of bicycles and sub-assemblies having saddle height as given in Table 1, and lays down guidelines for manufacturer’s instructions on the use and care of such bicycles.
This document applies to young adult bicycles with maximum saddle height of 635mm or more and less than 750mm, city and trekking bicycles, mountain bicycles, and racing bicycles that have a maximum saddle height of 635mm or more including folding bicycles (see Table 1 and Figure 1) and sharing bicycles.
This document does not apply to specialized types of bicycle, such as delivery bicycles, recumbent bicycles, tandems, BMX bicycles, and bicycles designed and equipped for use in severe applications such as sanctioned competition events, stunting, or aerobatic manoeuvres.
Note: For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435mm or less, see GB 6675.2, and with a maximum saddle height of more than 435mm and less than 635mm, see GB 14746.
Table 1 Maximum saddle height
In mm
Bicycle type City and trekking bicycles Young adult bicycles Mountain bicycles Racing bicycles
Maximum saddle height ≥635 ≥635 and<750 ≥635 ≥6
Key:
H——maximum saddle height;
1——minimum insertion-depth mark;
2——ground plane.
Figure 1 Maximum saddle height
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3565.1-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 1: Terms and definitions (ISO 4210-1: 2014, MOD)
GB/T 3565.3-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 3: Common test methods (ISO 4210-3: 2014, IDT)
GB/T 3565.4-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4: Braking test methods (ISO 4210-4: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.4-2022 and that from ISO 4210-4: 2014.
GB/T 3565.5-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 5: Steering test methods (ISO 4210-5: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.5-2022 and that from ISO 4210-5: 2014.
GB/T 3565.6-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 6:Frame and fork test methods (ISO 4210-6: 2015, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.6-2022 and that from ISO 4210-6: 2015.
GB/T 3565.7-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 7: Wheel and rim test methods (ISO 4210-7: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.7-2022 and that from ISO 4210-7: 2014.
GB/T 3565.8-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 8: Pedal and drive system test methods (ISO 4210-8: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.8-2022 and that from ISO 4210-8: 2014.
GB/T 3565.9-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 9: Saddle and seat-post test methods (ISO 4210-9: 2014, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content from GB/T 3565.9-2022 and that from ISO 4210-9: 2014.
GB/T 3579 Cycle chains - Characteristics and test methods (GB/T 3579-2006, ISO 9633: 2001, IDT)
GB 6675.1
Toys safety - Part 1: Basic code
GB 6675.4 Safety of toys - Part 4: Migration of certain elements
GB/T 9749-2008 Performance testing method for cycle tyres
GB/T 22048 Determination of certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products
GB/T 22790 Cycles - Luggage carriers (GB/T 22790-2008, ISO 11243: 1994, IDT)
GB/T 23263
Determination of asbestos in products
GB/T 31887.1 Cycles - Lighting and retro-reflective devices - Part 1: Lighting and light signalling devices (GB/T 31887.1-2019, ISO 6742-1: 2015, MOD)
GB/T 31887.2 Cycles - Lighting and retro-reflective devices - Part 2: Retro-reflective devices (GB/T 31887.2-2019, ISO 6742-2: 2015, MOD)
GB/T 31887.3
Cycles - Lighting and retro-reflective devices - Part 3:Installation and use of lighting and retro-reflective devices (ISO 6742-3: 2015, IDT)
ISO 14878 Cycles - Audible warning devices - Technical specifications and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 3565.1-2022 apply.
4 Requirements
4.1 Harmful substance
Any components in close contact with the rider, such as paint and polymer coating on the frame, saddle surface, handlebar grip and brake lever, shall meet the limits of migration elements (other toy materials) and plasticizers (all products including those that can be put in the mouth) specified in GB 6675.1.
The limits of migration elements in components are measured according to the method described in GB 6675.4, and the content of plasticizers is measured according to the method described in GB/T 22048.
4.2 Sharp edges
Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider’s hands, legs, etc., during normal riding or normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp, e.g. deburred, broken, rolled, or processed with comparable techniques.
Note: See GB/T 19096-2003.
4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners
4.3.1 Security of screws
Any screws used in the assembly of damping mechanism, brackets attached to electric generators, brake mechanisms and mudguards to the frame or fork shall be provided with suitable locking devices, e.g. lock-washers, lock-nuts, thread locking compound, or stiff nuts. Fasteners used to assemble hub and disc brakes shall have heat-resistant locking devices.
Note 1: The screws used to attach the hub generator are not included.
Note 2: For example, mechanical and physical properties of bolts are specified in GB/T 3098.1.
4.3.2 Minimum failure torque
The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handle bars, handlebar stems, bar ends, saddle and seat-posts shall be at least 20% greater than the manufacturer’s recommended tightening torque.
Note: If the manufacturer's recommended tightening torque has a range, the recommended maximum tightening torque shall be used.
4.3.3 Folding bicycle mechanism
If folding bicycle mechanism is provided, it shall be designed so that the bicycle can be locked for use in a simple, stable, safe way, and when folded, no damage shall occur to any cables. No locking mechanism shall contact the wheels or tyres during riding, and it shall be impossible to unintentionally loosen or unlock the folding mechanisms during riding.
4.4 Crack detection methods
Standardized methods shall be used to emphasize the presence of cracks where visible cracks are specified as criteria of failure in tests specified in this document.
Contents of GB 3565.2-2022
Foreword i
Introduction v
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements
4.1 Harmful substance
4.2 Sharp edges
4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners
4.4 Crack detection methods
4.5 Protrusions
4.6 Brakes
4.7 Steering
4.8 Frames
4.9 Front fork
4.10 Wheels and wheel/tyre assembly
4.11 Rims, tyres, and tubes
4.12 Front mudguard
4.13 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system
4.14 Drive-chain and drive belt
4.15 Chain-wheel and belt-drive protective device
4.16 Saddles and seat-posts
4.17 Spoke protector
4.18 Luggage carriers
4.19 Road test of a fully assembled bicycle
4.20 Lighting systems and reflectors
4.21 Warning device
5 Manufacturer’s instructions
6 Marking
6.1 Location and content
6.2 Durability test
Annex A (Informative) Comparison of clause/subclause numbers between this document and ISO 4210-2:2015
Annex B (Informative) Technical differences between this document and ISO 4210-2:2015 and their justifications
Annex C (Informative) Steering geometry
Bibliography
