1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification, technical requirements, test methods, sampling requirements and inspection rules for sports areas with synthetic surfaces for primary and middle schools.
This standard is applicable to the design, material selection, paving, inspection and acceptance of the outdoor sports areas with synthetic surfaces constructed, renovated and extended in primary and secondary schools.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4498.1-2013 Rubber - Determination of ash - Part 1: Muffle furnace method
GB/T 6682-2008 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 10111-2008 Generation of random numbers and procedures applied to sampling inspection for product quality
GB/T 10654-2001 Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break
GB/T 14833-2011 Synthetic materials track surfaces
GB/T 14837.1 Rubber and rubber products - Determination of the composition of vulcanizates and uncured compounds by thermogravimetry - Part 1: Butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and terpolymer, isobutene-isoprene, isoprene and styrene-butadiene rubbers
GB/T 14837.2 Rubber and rubber products - Determination of the composition of vulcanizates and uncured compounds by thermogravimetry - Part 2: Acrylonitrile-butadiene and halobutyl rubbers
GB/T 16422.2-2014 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc sources
GB/T 16483 Safety data sheet for chemical products - Content and order of sections
GB/T 18204.2 Examination methods for public places - Part 2: Chemical pollutants
GB/T 18446 Binders for paints and varnishes - Determination of monomeric diisocyanates in isocyanate resins
GB 18581-2009 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of solvent based coatings for woodenware
GB 18583 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of adhesives
GB/T 18883-2002 Indoor air quality standard
GB/T 22517.6 Technical requirements and test methods for sports field - Part 6: Track and field
GB/T 23986-2009 Paints and varnishes - Determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) content - Gas-chromatographic method
GB/T 23991 Determination of soluble harmful elements content of coatings
HJ 865-2017 Technical specification for olfactory laboratory construction
QB/T 1090-2001 Test method for pull-out force of carpet tufting
ISO 16000-3 Indoor air - Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber air - Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6 Indoor air - Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MSFID
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 10654-2001, GB/T 14833-2011, GB 18581-2009 and GB/T 18883-2002 as well as the following apply. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T 10654-2001, GB/T 14833-2011, GB 18581-2009 and GB/T 18883-2002 are repeatedly listed below.
3.1
synthetic surface
a layer of polymer synthetic material laid on an asphalt concrete or cement concrete base course
3.2
in-situ casting surface
a surface layer formed by casting the polymer material and other materials on site
3.3
prefabricated surface
a surface layer formed on site by bonding or assembling the coil or block materials of a certain thickness which are pre-prepared with polymer synthetic materials according to a certain production process
3.4
artificial turf surface
a synthetic surface formed by mechanically weaving and fixing the synthetic fibers similar to natural grass onto the base fabric layer
3.5
permeable surface
a type of synthetic surface with gap structure made by resin-bonded rubber crumbs or other methods, through which water flows in addition to surface runoff
Note: Adapted from GB/T 14833-2011, 3.2.1.
3.6
non-permeable surface
a type of synthetic surface of a specific structure, with dense vertical section or a small amount of pores
Note: Adapted from GB/T 14833-2011, 3.2.2.
3.7
solid raw materials
synthetic materials that exist in a solid form during paving
Note: The solid raw materials include styrene-butadiene rubber granules, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber granules, polyurethane rubber granules, thermoplastic elastomer, prefabricated coils, artificial grass, etc.
3.8
non-solid raw materials
synthetic materials that exist in a non-solid form during paving
Note: The non-solid raw materials include various adhesives, prepolymers and polyol resin components for in-situ casting surface, etc.
3.9
thickness
total vertical distance between the top surface and bottom surface of the synthetic surface
3.10
shock absorbency
shock mitigation performance of the synthetic surface
3.11
vertical deformation
deformation of the synthetic surface in the vertical direction when a 20kg weight falls onto it from a specified height
3.12
tensile strength
maximum tensile stress applied to the tensile specimen at the time it breaks
[GB/T 10654-2001, Definition 3.1]
3.13
elongation at break
percent elongation of the specimen at the time it breaks
[GB/T 10654-2001, Definition 3.2]
3.14
anti-skidding value
degree to which the synthetic surface absorbs energy through sliding friction resistance in a dry or wet state
3.15
aging resistance
postponed and delayed aging property of the synthetic surface
3.16
flame retardance
postponed flame spread property of the synthetic surface
Foreword V
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Paving requirements
5.2 Thickness
5.3 Physical and mechanical properties
5.4 Artificial weathering performance of synthetic surface
5.5 Contents of inorganic fillers and polymers in synthetic surface
5.6 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished synthetic surfaces and raw materials
6 Test method
6.1 Determination of thickness
6.2 Determination of shock absorbency
6.3 Determination of vertical deformation
6.4 Tensile strength and elongation at break
6.5 Determination of anti-skidding value
6.6 Determination of flame retardance
6.7 Determination of breaking force of turf filament
6.8 Determination of pull-out force of a single tuft of filaments
6.9 Determination of aging resistance
6.10 Determination of inorganic filler content
6.11 Determination of total polymer content
6.12 Determination of the content of harmful substances in the finished synthetic surface and solid raw materials
6.13 Determination of the release amount of harmful substances in the finished synthetic surface
6.14 Odor assessment
6.15 Determination of harmful substances in non-solid raw materials of synthetic surface
7 Sampling requirements
7.1 Witness sampling
7.2 Synthetic surface raw material samples
7.3 Sample of finished synthetic surface
7.4 Transportation, storage and testing time
8 Inspection rules
8.1 Acceptance inspection
8.2 Type inspection
8.3 Judgment of inspection result
8.4 Re-inspection rules
8.5 Judgment principle of site compliance
Annex A (Normative) Test on phthalate esters content - Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry
A.1 General
A.2 Principle
A.3 Materials and reagents
A.4 Apparatuses
A.5 Analytical procedures
A.6 Result calculation
A.7 Detection limit
A.8 Precision
Annex B (Normative) Test on content of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
B.1 General
B.2 Principle
B.3 Materials and reagents
B.4 Apparatuses
B.5 Analytical procedures
B.6 Result calculation
B.7 Detection limit
B.8 Precision
Annex C (Normative) Measuring method for the thickness of surface of ball fields and other activity spaces
C.1 Measuring instruments
C.2 Measuring method
C.3 Result calculation
Annex D (Normative) Test method for shock absorbency of synthetic surface
D.1 Test device
D.2 Test method
D.3 Result calculation
Annex E (Normative) Test method for vertical deformation of synthetic surface
E.1 Test device
E.2 Test method
E.3 Result expression
Annex F (Normative) Test method for anti-skidding value of synthetic surface
F.1 Test device
F.2 Test method
Annex G (Normative) Test on short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13) content - Gas chromatography-Electron capture negative chemical ionization source mass spectrometry
G.1 General
G.2 Principle
G.3 Reagents and materials
G.4 Apparatuses
G.5 Analytical procedures
G.6 Result calculation
G.7 Detection limit
G.8 Precision
Annex H (Normative) Test on content of 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane (MOCA)
H.1 General
H.2 Method 1: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (arbitration method)
H.3 Method 2: High-performance liquid chromatography
Annex I (Normative) Test on release of harmful substances - Small environmental test chamber method
I.1 General
I.2 Principle
I.3 Small environmental test chamber
I.4 Test conditions in environmental test chamber
I.5 Specimen preparation
I.6 Test procedures
I.7 Test method for thermal desorption of carbon disulfide in air
I.8 Result calculation
I.9 Detection limit
Annex J (Normative) Odor assessment
J.1 Test equipment and assessment team
J.2 Sample preparation
J.3 Odor assessment
J.4 Odor assessment grade
J.5 Result expression
Annex K (Normative) Rules for determining sampling location in sports areas with synthetic surfaces
K.1 Principle
K.2 Equipment
K.3 Test methods
Bibliography
Figure D.1 Shock absorption tester
Figure E.1 Vertical deformation tester
Figure F.1 Portable resistance tester
Figure I.1 Schematic diagram of small environmental test chamber
Table 1 Thickness requirements for in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface a
Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surfacea
Table 3 Physical and mechanical properties of the finished artificial turf surface and turf filaments
Table 4 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface
Table 5 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in finished artificial turf surface
Table 6 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of solid raw materials
Table 7 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in non-solid raw materials a
Table A.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ions of 6 phthalate esters
Table A.2 Reference detection limits for the content of the 6 phthalate esters
Table B.1 Qualitative reference ions and quantitative selected ions of 18 PAHs and internal standard substances
Table G.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ion of short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13)
Table H.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ion of MOCA and internal standard substance
Table I.1 Air sampling in environmental test chamber and the analysis methods
Table J.1 Odor grade
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification, technical requirements, test methods, sampling requirements and inspection rules for sports areas with synthetic surfaces for primary and middle schools.
This standard is applicable to the design, material selection, paving, inspection and acceptance of the outdoor sports areas with synthetic surfaces constructed, renovated and extended in primary and secondary schools.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4498.1-2013 Rubber - Determination of ash - Part 1: Muffle furnace method
GB/T 6682-2008 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 10111-2008 Generation of random numbers and procedures applied to sampling inspection for product quality
GB/T 10654-2001 Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break
GB/T 14833-2011 Synthetic materials track surfaces
GB/T 14837.1 Rubber and rubber products - Determination of the composition of vulcanizates and uncured compounds by thermogravimetry - Part 1: Butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and terpolymer, isobutene-isoprene, isoprene and styrene-butadiene rubbers
GB/T 14837.2 Rubber and rubber products - Determination of the composition of vulcanizates and uncured compounds by thermogravimetry - Part 2: Acrylonitrile-butadiene and halobutyl rubbers
GB/T 16422.2-2014 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc sources
GB/T 16483 Safety data sheet for chemical products - Content and order of sections
GB/T 18204.2 Examination methods for public places - Part 2: Chemical pollutants
GB/T 18446 Binders for paints and varnishes - Determination of monomeric diisocyanates in isocyanate resins
GB 18581-2009 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of solvent based coatings for woodenware
GB 18583 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of adhesives
GB/T 18883-2002 Indoor air quality standard
GB/T 22517.6 Technical requirements and test methods for sports field - Part 6: Track and field
GB/T 23986-2009 Paints and varnishes - Determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) content - Gas-chromatographic method
GB/T 23991 Determination of soluble harmful elements content of coatings
HJ 865-2017 Technical specification for olfactory laboratory construction
QB/T 1090-2001 Test method for pull-out force of carpet tufting
ISO 16000-3 Indoor air - Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber air - Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6 Indoor air - Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MSFID
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 10654-2001, GB/T 14833-2011, GB 18581-2009 and GB/T 18883-2002 as well as the following apply. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T 10654-2001, GB/T 14833-2011, GB 18581-2009 and GB/T 18883-2002 are repeatedly listed below.
3.1
synthetic surface
a layer of polymer synthetic material laid on an asphalt concrete or cement concrete base course
3.2
in-situ casting surface
a surface layer formed by casting the polymer material and other materials on site
3.3
prefabricated surface
a surface layer formed on site by bonding or assembling the coil or block materials of a certain thickness which are pre-prepared with polymer synthetic materials according to a certain production process
3.4
artificial turf surface
a synthetic surface formed by mechanically weaving and fixing the synthetic fibers similar to natural grass onto the base fabric layer
3.5
permeable surface
a type of synthetic surface with gap structure made by resin-bonded rubber crumbs or other methods, through which water flows in addition to surface runoff
Note: Adapted from GB/T 14833-2011, 3.2.1.
3.6
non-permeable surface
a type of synthetic surface of a specific structure, with dense vertical section or a small amount of pores
Note: Adapted from GB/T 14833-2011, 3.2.2.
3.7
solid raw materials
synthetic materials that exist in a solid form during paving
Note: The solid raw materials include styrene-butadiene rubber granules, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber granules, polyurethane rubber granules, thermoplastic elastomer, prefabricated coils, artificial grass, etc.
3.8
non-solid raw materials
synthetic materials that exist in a non-solid form during paving
Note: The non-solid raw materials include various adhesives, prepolymers and polyol resin components for in-situ casting surface, etc.
3.9
thickness
total vertical distance between the top surface and bottom surface of the synthetic surface
3.10
shock absorbency
shock mitigation performance of the synthetic surface
3.11
vertical deformation
deformation of the synthetic surface in the vertical direction when a 20kg weight falls onto it from a specified height
3.12
tensile strength
maximum tensile stress applied to the tensile specimen at the time it breaks
[GB/T 10654-2001, Definition 3.1]
3.13
elongation at break
percent elongation of the specimen at the time it breaks
[GB/T 10654-2001, Definition 3.2]
3.14
anti-skidding value
degree to which the synthetic surface absorbs energy through sliding friction resistance in a dry or wet state
3.15
aging resistance
postponed and delayed aging property of the synthetic surface
3.16
flame retardance
postponed flame spread property of the synthetic surface
Contents of GB 36246-2018
Foreword V
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Paving requirements
5.2 Thickness
5.3 Physical and mechanical properties
5.4 Artificial weathering performance of synthetic surface
5.5 Contents of inorganic fillers and polymers in synthetic surface
5.6 Limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished synthetic surfaces and raw materials
6 Test method
6.1 Determination of thickness
6.2 Determination of shock absorbency
6.3 Determination of vertical deformation
6.4 Tensile strength and elongation at break
6.5 Determination of anti-skidding value
6.6 Determination of flame retardance
6.7 Determination of breaking force of turf filament
6.8 Determination of pull-out force of a single tuft of filaments
6.9 Determination of aging resistance
6.10 Determination of inorganic filler content
6.11 Determination of total polymer content
6.12 Determination of the content of harmful substances in the finished synthetic surface and solid raw materials
6.13 Determination of the release amount of harmful substances in the finished synthetic surface
6.14 Odor assessment
6.15 Determination of harmful substances in non-solid raw materials of synthetic surface
7 Sampling requirements
7.1 Witness sampling
7.2 Synthetic surface raw material samples
7.3 Sample of finished synthetic surface
7.4 Transportation, storage and testing time
8 Inspection rules
8.1 Acceptance inspection
8.2 Type inspection
8.3 Judgment of inspection result
8.4 Re-inspection rules
8.5 Judgment principle of site compliance
Annex A (Normative) Test on phthalate esters content - Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry
A.1 General
A.2 Principle
A.3 Materials and reagents
A.4 Apparatuses
A.5 Analytical procedures
A.6 Result calculation
A.7 Detection limit
A.8 Precision
Annex B (Normative) Test on content of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
B.1 General
B.2 Principle
B.3 Materials and reagents
B.4 Apparatuses
B.5 Analytical procedures
B.6 Result calculation
B.7 Detection limit
B.8 Precision
Annex C (Normative) Measuring method for the thickness of surface of ball fields and other activity spaces
C.1 Measuring instruments
C.2 Measuring method
C.3 Result calculation
Annex D (Normative) Test method for shock absorbency of synthetic surface
D.1 Test device
D.2 Test method
D.3 Result calculation
Annex E (Normative) Test method for vertical deformation of synthetic surface
E.1 Test device
E.2 Test method
E.3 Result expression
Annex F (Normative) Test method for anti-skidding value of synthetic surface
F.1 Test device
F.2 Test method
Annex G (Normative) Test on short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13) content - Gas chromatography-Electron capture negative chemical ionization source mass spectrometry
G.1 General
G.2 Principle
G.3 Reagents and materials
G.4 Apparatuses
G.5 Analytical procedures
G.6 Result calculation
G.7 Detection limit
G.8 Precision
Annex H (Normative) Test on content of 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylmethane (MOCA)
H.1 General
H.2 Method 1: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (arbitration method)
H.3 Method 2: High-performance liquid chromatography
Annex I (Normative) Test on release of harmful substances - Small environmental test chamber method
I.1 General
I.2 Principle
I.3 Small environmental test chamber
I.4 Test conditions in environmental test chamber
I.5 Specimen preparation
I.6 Test procedures
I.7 Test method for thermal desorption of carbon disulfide in air
I.8 Result calculation
I.9 Detection limit
Annex J (Normative) Odor assessment
J.1 Test equipment and assessment team
J.2 Sample preparation
J.3 Odor assessment
J.4 Odor assessment grade
J.5 Result expression
Annex K (Normative) Rules for determining sampling location in sports areas with synthetic surfaces
K.1 Principle
K.2 Equipment
K.3 Test methods
Bibliography
Figure D.1 Shock absorption tester
Figure E.1 Vertical deformation tester
Figure F.1 Portable resistance tester
Figure I.1 Schematic diagram of small environmental test chamber
Table 1 Thickness requirements for in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface a
Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surfacea
Table 3 Physical and mechanical properties of the finished artificial turf surface and turf filaments
Table 4 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of finished in-situ casting surface and prefabricated surface
Table 5 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in finished artificial turf surface
Table 6 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in and odor of solid raw materials
Table 7 Requirements for limits of harmful substances in non-solid raw materials a
Table A.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ions of 6 phthalate esters
Table A.2 Reference detection limits for the content of the 6 phthalate esters
Table B.1 Qualitative reference ions and quantitative selected ions of 18 PAHs and internal standard substances
Table G.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ion of short chain chlorinated paraffins (C10-C13)
Table H.1 Qualitative reference ion and quantitative selected ion of MOCA and internal standard substance
Table I.1 Air sampling in environmental test chamber and the analysis methods
Table J.1 Odor grade
