GB/T 15227-2019 Test method of air permeability, watertightness, wind load resistance performance for curtain walls
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, general requirements, test principle, test setup, specimen and installation, air permeability performance testing, watertightness performance testing, wind load resistance performance testing, and test report in connection with the test method of air permeability, watertightness and wind load resistance performance for curtain walls.
This standard is applicable to laboratory testing of air permeability, watertightness and wind load resistance performance of curtain walls. The objects of testing are limited to the curtain wall specimen itself and its connecting details with other structures.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 31433 General specification for building curtain walls, windows and doors
GB/T 34327 Terminology for curtain wall
GB 50178 Standard of climatic regionalization for architecture
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 34327 and the following apply.
3.1
standard condition
test conditions with an air temperature of 293 K (20°C), an atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), and an air density of 1.202 kg/m³
3.2
pressure difference
absolute air pressure difference between the interior and exterior surfaces of a specimen
Note: The pressure difference is positive when the pressure acting on the exterior surface is higher than that on the interior surface, and negative otherwise.
3.3
air permeability performance
ability of a specimen to resist air leakage when its openable field is in the closed position
3.3.1
volume of air leakage
the amount of air passing through the test object per unit time
3.3.2
volume of extraneous air leakage
volume of air leakage through the pressure chamber and the connection between the specimen and the pressure chamber, excluding leakage through the specimen itself
3.3.3
total volume of air leakage
sum of the volume of air leakage through the specimen and the volume of extraneous air leakage
3.3.4
openable joint length
total length of joints on the interior side of the openable field of a specimen
3.3.5
volume of air leakage per unit of openable joint length
volume of air leakage per unit of openable joint length of a specimen under standard condition
3.3.6
area of specimen
surface area enclosed by the sealed joints between the perimeter of the specimen and the chamber, measured on the interior side
3.3.7
volume of air leakage per unit of area
volume of air leakage per unit of area of a specimen under standard condition
3.4
watertightness performance
ability of a specimen to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the interior side under simultaneous actions of wind and rain when its openable field is in the closed position
3.4.1
serious water leakage
phenomenon where rainwater continuously or repeatedly penetrates from the exterior side to the interior side of a specimen, with splashing or outflow at the interior interface of the specimen
3.4.2
water spray rate
volume of water sprayed onto the exterior surface of a specimen per unit of area per unit of time
3.5
wind load resistance performance
ability of a specimen, with openable field in the closed position, to maintain deformations of its main load-bearing members within permissible limits without structural damage or functional failure under wind pressure
Note 1: Structural damage includes cracks, panel breakage, connection failure, and bonding failure.
Note 2: Functional failure includes loose hardware, and difficulty in opening and closing.
3.5.1
frontal displacement
linear displacement along the surface normal direction at a point on the surface of a load-bearing member of a specimen
3.5.2
frontal deflection
maximum difference in the linear displacements along the surface normal direction at a point on the surface of a load-bearing member of a specimen
3.5.3
relative frontal deflection
ratio of the frontal deflection of a specimen to the distance between measuring points at the support, l
3.5.4
allowable relative frontal deflection, fo
limit of the relative frontal deflection for the main load-bearing members of a specimen at the serviceability limit state
3.6
grade testing
testing conducted to determine the performance grade of a specimen
3.7
engineering testing
testing conducted to verify whether the performance of a specimen meets the requirements of engineering design
4 General requirements
4.1 The grade and index values of air permeability, watertightness and wind load resistance performance of curtain walls shall meet the requirements of GB/T 31433.
4.2 The testing shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of not less than 5°C. When the test apparatus is installed outdoors, the testing shall not be performed under the following conditions:
a) The wind speed at the highest point of the specimen exceeds 5 m/s during testing;
b) Rain, snow or other conditions affect the test results.
4.3 The grade testing should be conducted in the following sequence: deformation (p₁) for air permeability and wind load resistance; repeated pressurization (p₂) for watertightness and wind load resistance; characteristic value of design wind load (p₃) for wind load resistance; and design value of wind load (pmax) for wind load resistance. The engineering testing should be conducted in the following sequence: deformation (p₁′) for air permeability and wind load resistance; repeated pressurization (p₂′) for watertightness and wind load resistance; characteristic value of wind load (p₃′); and design value of wind load (pmax′).
4.4 Where air permeability requirements apply to the back of an unsealed curtain wall, the volume of air leakage per unit of area of the specimen (including its back) shall be taken as the grading index. For wind load resistance performance testing, the joints between panels of an unsealed curtain wall shall be sealed with flexible sealing materials prior to testing.
4.5 A double-skin curtain wall shall be graded for air permeability performance based on the overall air permeability index; it shall be graded for watertightness performance based on the watertightness index of the skin subject to watertightness requirements; and the interior and exterior skins of a double-skin curtain wall shall be tested and graded separately for wind load resistance performance.
Note: If one skin of a double-skin curtain wall is unsealed, the area and openable joint length of the other skin shall be used for calculating in the air permeability performance testing. If both skins are airtight, the area and openable joint length of the exterior skin shall be used.
Contents
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Test principle
6 Test setup
7 Specimen and its installation
8 Air permeability performance testing
9 Watertightness performance testing
10 Wind load resistance performance testing
11 Test report
Annex A (Informative) Calibration method for air flow measuring system
Annex B (Informative) Calibration method for water spraying system
Annex C (Informative) Example of arrangement of displacement transducers for typical curtain walls
Annex D (Informative) Test report of air permeability, watertightness, and wind load resistance performance for curtain walls
GB/T 15227-2019 Test method of air permeability, watertightness, wind load resistance performance for curtain walls
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, general requirements, test principle, test setup, specimen and installation, air permeability performance testing, watertightness performance testing, wind load resistance performance testing, and test report in connection with the test method of air permeability, watertightness and wind load resistance performance for curtain walls.
This standard is applicable to laboratory testing of air permeability, watertightness and wind load resistance performance of curtain walls. The objects of testing are limited to the curtain wall specimen itself and its connecting details with other structures.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 31433 General specification for building curtain walls, windows and doors
GB/T 34327 Terminology for curtain wall
GB 50178 Standard of climatic regionalization for architecture
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 34327 and the following apply.
3.1
standard condition
test conditions with an air temperature of 293 K (20°C), an atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), and an air density of 1.202 kg/m³
3.2
pressure difference
absolute air pressure difference between the interior and exterior surfaces of a specimen
Note: The pressure difference is positive when the pressure acting on the exterior surface is higher than that on the interior surface, and negative otherwise.
3.3
air permeability performance
ability of a specimen to resist air leakage when its openable field is in the closed position
3.3.1
volume of air leakage
the amount of air passing through the test object per unit time
3.3.2
volume of extraneous air leakage
volume of air leakage through the pressure chamber and the connection between the specimen and the pressure chamber, excluding leakage through the specimen itself
3.3.3
total volume of air leakage
sum of the volume of air leakage through the specimen and the volume of extraneous air leakage
3.3.4
openable joint length
total length of joints on the interior side of the openable field of a specimen
3.3.5
volume of air leakage per unit of openable joint length
volume of air leakage per unit of openable joint length of a specimen under standard condition
3.3.6
area of specimen
surface area enclosed by the sealed joints between the perimeter of the specimen and the chamber, measured on the interior side
3.3.7
volume of air leakage per unit of area
volume of air leakage per unit of area of a specimen under standard condition
3.4
watertightness performance
ability of a specimen to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the interior side under simultaneous actions of wind and rain when its openable field is in the closed position
3.4.1
serious water leakage
phenomenon where rainwater continuously or repeatedly penetrates from the exterior side to the interior side of a specimen, with splashing or outflow at the interior interface of the specimen
3.4.2
water spray rate
volume of water sprayed onto the exterior surface of a specimen per unit of area per unit of time
3.5
wind load resistance performance
ability of a specimen, with openable field in the closed position, to maintain deformations of its main load-bearing members within permissible limits without structural damage or functional failure under wind pressure
Note 1: Structural damage includes cracks, panel breakage, connection failure, and bonding failure.
Note 2: Functional failure includes loose hardware, and difficulty in opening and closing.
3.5.1
frontal displacement
linear displacement along the surface normal direction at a point on the surface of a load-bearing member of a specimen
3.5.2
frontal deflection
maximum difference in the linear displacements along the surface normal direction at a point on the surface of a load-bearing member of a specimen
3.5.3
relative frontal deflection
ratio of the frontal deflection of a specimen to the distance between measuring points at the support, l
3.5.4
allowable relative frontal deflection, fo
limit of the relative frontal deflection for the main load-bearing members of a specimen at the serviceability limit state
3.6
grade testing
testing conducted to determine the performance grade of a specimen
3.7
engineering testing
testing conducted to verify whether the performance of a specimen meets the requirements of engineering design
4 General requirements
4.1 The grade and index values of air permeability, watertightness and wind load resistance performance of curtain walls shall meet the requirements of GB/T 31433.
4.2 The testing shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of not less than 5°C. When the test apparatus is installed outdoors, the testing shall not be performed under the following conditions:
a) The wind speed at the highest point of the specimen exceeds 5 m/s during testing;
b) Rain, snow or other conditions affect the test results.
4.3 The grade testing should be conducted in the following sequence: deformation (p₁) for air permeability and wind load resistance; repeated pressurization (p₂) for watertightness and wind load resistance; characteristic value of design wind load (p₃) for wind load resistance; and design value of wind load (pmax) for wind load resistance. The engineering testing should be conducted in the following sequence: deformation (p₁′) for air permeability and wind load resistance; repeated pressurization (p₂′) for watertightness and wind load resistance; characteristic value of wind load (p₃′); and design value of wind load (pmax′).
4.4 Where air permeability requirements apply to the back of an unsealed curtain wall, the volume of air leakage per unit of area of the specimen (including its back) shall be taken as the grading index. For wind load resistance performance testing, the joints between panels of an unsealed curtain wall shall be sealed with flexible sealing materials prior to testing.
4.5 A double-skin curtain wall shall be graded for air permeability performance based on the overall air permeability index; it shall be graded for watertightness performance based on the watertightness index of the skin subject to watertightness requirements; and the interior and exterior skins of a double-skin curtain wall shall be tested and graded separately for wind load resistance performance.
Note: If one skin of a double-skin curtain wall is unsealed, the area and openable joint length of the other skin shall be used for calculating in the air permeability performance testing. If both skins are airtight, the area and openable joint length of the exterior skin shall be used.
Contents of GB/T 15227-2019
Contents
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Test principle
6 Test setup
7 Specimen and its installation
8 Air permeability performance testing
9 Watertightness performance testing
10 Wind load resistance performance testing
11 Test report
Annex A (Informative) Calibration method for air flow measuring system
Annex B (Informative) Calibration method for water spraying system
Annex C (Informative) Example of arrangement of displacement transducers for typical curtain walls
Annex D (Informative) Test report of air permeability, watertightness, and wind load resistance performance for curtain walls
