Shell boilers — Part 8: Operation
1 Scope
This document specifies the basic requirements for the operation and management of shell boilers, as well as the requirements for preparation before operation, start-up, operation, shutdown, inspection, repair and maintenance, and troubleshooting.
This document is applicable to shell boilers as defined in GB/T 16508.1.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1576 Water quality for industrial boilers
GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical terminology of boilers
GB/T 12145 Quality criterion of water and steam for power plant and steam-generating equipment
GB 13271 Emission standard of air pollutants for boiler
GB/T 16508.1 Shell boilers — Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 34355 Steam and hot water boiler chemical cleaning regulation
GB/T 36699 Specification for liquid fuels and gaseous fuels burners of boilers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.48 and GB/T 16508.1 and the following apply.
3.1
boiler dry maintenance
drying method which is adopted on the heating surface of boiler and the metal surface of steam-water system during the shutdown of boiler
3.2
boiler wet maintenance
steam-water system of the boiler that shall be filled with protective aqueous solution during the shutdown of boiler
3.3
auxiliary combustion system
combustion system which is equipped to ensure safe ignition and stable combustion of boilers
4 Basic requirements
4.1 Basic requirements for user unit
4.1.1 The user unit shall purchase boiler equipment that meets the requirements of national safety technical specifications and relevant standards, and shall handle the use registration according to regulations.
4.1.2 Boiler operators shall obtain corresponding certificates for special equipment operators, take the posts with qualification certificates and operate according to regulations.
4.1.3 The user unit shall establish technical files on boiler safety, energy saving and environmental protection one by one, and shall at least include the following contents:
a) Special equipment service registration form and Special equipment service registration certificate;
b) Ex-factory technical data and supervision and inspection certificates of boilers;
c) Technical data on boiler installation, modification, repair and chemical cleaning as well as supervision and inspection certificates;
d) Technical data of installation and commissioning of water treatment equipment and relevant records and test reports of water quality treatment;
e) Periodic inspection reports and periodic self-inspection records of boilers;
f) Record of daily use of boilers;
g) Calibration reports, test records and daily maintenance records of boilers and their safety accessories, safety protective devices and measurement and control devices;
h) Operation fault and accident records of boilers;
i) Energy efficiency test report of boilers;
j) Air pollutant emission test report of boilers.
4.1.4 The user unit shall formulate the following boiler management system and operation procedures, including but not limited to the following contents:
a) Post responsibility system of operator, including tasks and requirements for safety management personnel, shift leaders, operating personnel, maintenance personnel and water treatment operating personnel;
b) Patrol inspection system of boiler, including the contents, routes and recorded items of periodic inspection;
c) Shift relief system, including the requirements, contents to be inspected and procedures of shift change;
d) Operating procedures for boilers and auxiliary equipment, including inspection and preparation work before the equipment is put into operation, operating methods for start-up and normal operation, and operating methods for normal shutdown and emergency shutdown;
......
5 Preparation before operation
5.1 External inspection of the boiler
5.1.1 Boiler body . Auxiliary equipment as well as supports and hangers should be in good condition.
5.1.2 The regulating devices and baffles of the air duct and flue should be intact. The switch is flexible and the opening and closing instructions are correct.
5.1.3 The external furnace wall and insulation of the boiler should be in good condition.
5.1.4 The furnace door, ash door, fire door hole, explosion-proof door, as well as the hand hole, head hole, manhole, inspection door hole and other devices should be intact, and closed tightly.
5.1.5 Settlement and cracking of the boiler foundation should meet the requirements.
5.2 Boiler safety accessories and instrumentation inspection
5.2.1 Safety accessories and instruments should be complete. They are in good condition and in operation.
5.2.2 The pressure gauge should indicate correctly. The water storage bend should be normal and the pressure gauge tee plug should be flexible to open and close.
5.2.3 The water level table and its accessories should ensure that the water level indication is clearly visible. The connection valve and drain valve of the water level meter should be flexible.
5.2.4 The temperature measuring device should indicate correct.
5.2.5 Safety valves and relief valves should be in good condition, and the relief pipe should be intact and smooth to ensure the safety of the relief.
5.3 Energy efficiency monitoring devices Energy measurement instruments inspection
Fuel consumption devices, thermometers and flow meters should be complete and in good condition, in operation and with correct indications.
5.4 Inspection of heating surfaces
5.4.1 The sealing of the heating surface, insulation and connections should be in good condition, and doors and holes should be well sealed when closed.
5.4.2 When there is doubt about the presence of foreign matter or ash accumulation on the flue side of the coal conservator, air preheater and superheater, inspection should be carried out to ensure that the flue is open.
5.5 Checking of steam and water pipes and valves
Boiler feed (inlet) water piping, steam piping, outlet piping, return piping, hydrophobic piping and drainage piping, etc. should be smooth, the support of each pipe, insulation should be good. The valves on the pipeline should be intact and flexible, and the opening and closing of the valves should be kept in the correct position.
5.6 Combustion equipment inspection
5.6.1 The combustion equipment should be free from deformation and damage that affect normal operation; the mechanical transmission device should run normally and be well lubricated.
5.6.2 The grate should be free from deformation and damage affecting normal operation. The grate gap is suitable and the operation is normal.
5.6.3 Liquid and gas fuel burners shall meet the following requirements:
a) liquid fuel burner: no abnormal appearance; ignition device, automatic controller, safety shut-off valve, flame monitoring device, air pressure monitoring device, fuel pressure monitoring device, oil pump. Oil heater. Oil pressure gauge, oil temperature gauge, all plugs, valves, joints, etc. are complete and intact, no visible deformation. No damage. No blockage or leakage, etc., and the instruments are correctly indicated:
b) Gas fuel burner: no abnormal appearance of ignition device, automatic controller, safety shut-off valve, flame monitoring device, air pressure monitoring device, fuel pressure monitoring device, gas fuel burner valve leak detection device, fuel supply line. Strainer, air pressure gauge, plugs, valves, joints, etc. are complete and intact, no visible deformation, no breakage, no blockage or leakage, etc., and the instrument indication is correct.
5.7 Water supply system and water treatment equipment inspection
5.8 Ventilation equipment inspection
5.8.1 No foreign objects in the supply and induced fans. The fan should be in normal condition and run normally by the test, the lubricant oil level is normal.
5.8.2 The smoke and air regulator or baffle plate should be flexible and the opening and closing and opening degree should meet the requirements.
5.9 Slag removal and dust removal, desulphurisation and denitrification equipment inspection
5.9.1 Slag removal equipment and devices should be complete and intact, lubrication. Cooling system is normal, no abnormalities in trial operation.
5.9.2 Dust removal, desulphurization and denitrification equipment should be clean and free from air leakage, water leakage and blockage.
5.10 Fuel supply and conveying equipment check the fuel supply and conveying system should operate without abnormalities.
5.11 Cleaning (blowing) equipment inspection
The ash cleaning (blowing) device should be intact and flexible. The ancillary facilities should be in normal operation.
5.12 Gas pipeline inspection
When the gas pipeline is first opened or reopened after a long period of disuse, the local gas supply unit shall carry out an on-site inspection and replace the gas pipeline to achieve a gas concentration of 90% or more. The gas supply unit shall conduct an on-site inspection and replace the gas pipe until it reaches a gas concentration of 90% or more and meets the operational requirements before resuming gas supply.
5.13 Flue and chimney inspection
When 2 or more boilers share a common flue or chimney, the air extraction of each boiler should be balanced. Each boiler's exhaust pipe should have a separate flue regulator and explosion-proof door as required. When opening part of the boiler, there should be measures to prevent the backflow of high temperature flue gas.
6 Start-up
6.1 Boiler water intake
6.1.1 Steam boiler water intake
6.1.1.1 Water should be fed into the boiler when the water inlet valve is open, and the water inlet speed should be in accordance with the requirements of the boiler operating instructions.
6.1.1.2 In the process of water intake, check whether the venting valve is exhausted, pot Jane, set box hole cover and various valves, flanges, plugs, etc. whether there is water leakage. When the water is fed to the minimum safe water level, stop feeding water for inspection, if there is any abnormality, it should be dealt with.
6.1.1.3 When the boiler ignition has special requirements for the water level, water should be fed to the level required for ignition.
6.1.2 Hot water boilers Water intake
6.1.2.1 Before filling the hot water boiler, all drains and traps should be closed and the bypass valve at the end of the pipe network connecting the water supply and return pipes should be opened.
6.1.2.2 Feed water until water emerges from the top of the boiler, in the pipe network, and from the venting valve on the collection tank.
6.2 Ignition
6.2.1 The method and procedure of ignition of the boiler should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the boiler operating instructions or the operating procedures established by the using unit.
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Basic requirements
5 Preparation before operation
6 Start-up
Shell boilers — Part 8: Operation
1 Scope
This document specifies the basic requirements for the operation and management of shell boilers, as well as the requirements for preparation before operation, start-up, operation, shutdown, inspection, repair and maintenance, and troubleshooting.
This document is applicable to shell boilers as defined in GB/T 16508.1.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1576 Water quality for industrial boilers
GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical terminology of boilers
GB/T 12145 Quality criterion of water and steam for power plant and steam-generating equipment
GB 13271 Emission standard of air pollutants for boiler
GB/T 16508.1 Shell boilers — Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 34355 Steam and hot water boiler chemical cleaning regulation
GB/T 36699 Specification for liquid fuels and gaseous fuels burners of boilers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.48 and GB/T 16508.1 and the following apply.
3.1
boiler dry maintenance
drying method which is adopted on the heating surface of boiler and the metal surface of steam-water system during the shutdown of boiler
3.2
boiler wet maintenance
steam-water system of the boiler that shall be filled with protective aqueous solution during the shutdown of boiler
3.3
auxiliary combustion system
combustion system which is equipped to ensure safe ignition and stable combustion of boilers
4 Basic requirements
4.1 Basic requirements for user unit
4.1.1 The user unit shall purchase boiler equipment that meets the requirements of national safety technical specifications and relevant standards, and shall handle the use registration according to regulations.
4.1.2 Boiler operators shall obtain corresponding certificates for special equipment operators, take the posts with qualification certificates and operate according to regulations.
4.1.3 The user unit shall establish technical files on boiler safety, energy saving and environmental protection one by one, and shall at least include the following contents:
a) Special equipment service registration form and Special equipment service registration certificate;
b) Ex-factory technical data and supervision and inspection certificates of boilers;
c) Technical data on boiler installation, modification, repair and chemical cleaning as well as supervision and inspection certificates;
d) Technical data of installation and commissioning of water treatment equipment and relevant records and test reports of water quality treatment;
e) Periodic inspection reports and periodic self-inspection records of boilers;
f) Record of daily use of boilers;
g) Calibration reports, test records and daily maintenance records of boilers and their safety accessories, safety protective devices and measurement and control devices;
h) Operation fault and accident records of boilers;
i) Energy efficiency test report of boilers;
j) Air pollutant emission test report of boilers.
4.1.4 The user unit shall formulate the following boiler management system and operation procedures, including but not limited to the following contents:
a) Post responsibility system of operator, including tasks and requirements for safety management personnel, shift leaders, operating personnel, maintenance personnel and water treatment operating personnel;
b) Patrol inspection system of boiler, including the contents, routes and recorded items of periodic inspection;
c) Shift relief system, including the requirements, contents to be inspected and procedures of shift change;
d) Operating procedures for boilers and auxiliary equipment, including inspection and preparation work before the equipment is put into operation, operating methods for start-up and normal operation, and operating methods for normal shutdown and emergency shutdown;
......
5 Preparation before operation
5.1 External inspection of the boiler
5.1.1 Boiler body . Auxiliary equipment as well as supports and hangers should be in good condition.
5.1.2 The regulating devices and baffles of the air duct and flue should be intact. The switch is flexible and the opening and closing instructions are correct.
5.1.3 The external furnace wall and insulation of the boiler should be in good condition.
5.1.4 The furnace door, ash door, fire door hole, explosion-proof door, as well as the hand hole, head hole, manhole, inspection door hole and other devices should be intact, and closed tightly.
5.1.5 Settlement and cracking of the boiler foundation should meet the requirements.
5.2 Boiler safety accessories and instrumentation inspection
5.2.1 Safety accessories and instruments should be complete. They are in good condition and in operation.
5.2.2 The pressure gauge should indicate correctly. The water storage bend should be normal and the pressure gauge tee plug should be flexible to open and close.
5.2.3 The water level table and its accessories should ensure that the water level indication is clearly visible. The connection valve and drain valve of the water level meter should be flexible.
5.2.4 The temperature measuring device should indicate correct.
5.2.5 Safety valves and relief valves should be in good condition, and the relief pipe should be intact and smooth to ensure the safety of the relief.
5.3 Energy efficiency monitoring devices Energy measurement instruments inspection
Fuel consumption devices, thermometers and flow meters should be complete and in good condition, in operation and with correct indications.
5.4 Inspection of heating surfaces
5.4.1 The sealing of the heating surface, insulation and connections should be in good condition, and doors and holes should be well sealed when closed.
5.4.2 When there is doubt about the presence of foreign matter or ash accumulation on the flue side of the coal conservator, air preheater and superheater, inspection should be carried out to ensure that the flue is open.
5.5 Checking of steam and water pipes and valves
Boiler feed (inlet) water piping, steam piping, outlet piping, return piping, hydrophobic piping and drainage piping, etc. should be smooth, the support of each pipe, insulation should be good. The valves on the pipeline should be intact and flexible, and the opening and closing of the valves should be kept in the correct position.
5.6 Combustion equipment inspection
5.6.1 The combustion equipment should be free from deformation and damage that affect normal operation; the mechanical transmission device should run normally and be well lubricated.
5.6.2 The grate should be free from deformation and damage affecting normal operation. The grate gap is suitable and the operation is normal.
5.6.3 Liquid and gas fuel burners shall meet the following requirements:
a) liquid fuel burner: no abnormal appearance; ignition device, automatic controller, safety shut-off valve, flame monitoring device, air pressure monitoring device, fuel pressure monitoring device, oil pump. Oil heater. Oil pressure gauge, oil temperature gauge, all plugs, valves, joints, etc. are complete and intact, no visible deformation. No damage. No blockage or leakage, etc., and the instruments are correctly indicated:
b) Gas fuel burner: no abnormal appearance of ignition device, automatic controller, safety shut-off valve, flame monitoring device, air pressure monitoring device, fuel pressure monitoring device, gas fuel burner valve leak detection device, fuel supply line. Strainer, air pressure gauge, plugs, valves, joints, etc. are complete and intact, no visible deformation, no breakage, no blockage or leakage, etc., and the instrument indication is correct.
5.7 Water supply system and water treatment equipment inspection
5.8 Ventilation equipment inspection
5.8.1 No foreign objects in the supply and induced fans. The fan should be in normal condition and run normally by the test, the lubricant oil level is normal.
5.8.2 The smoke and air regulator or baffle plate should be flexible and the opening and closing and opening degree should meet the requirements.
5.9 Slag removal and dust removal, desulphurisation and denitrification equipment inspection
5.9.1 Slag removal equipment and devices should be complete and intact, lubrication. Cooling system is normal, no abnormalities in trial operation.
5.9.2 Dust removal, desulphurization and denitrification equipment should be clean and free from air leakage, water leakage and blockage.
5.10 Fuel supply and conveying equipment check the fuel supply and conveying system should operate without abnormalities.
5.11 Cleaning (blowing) equipment inspection
The ash cleaning (blowing) device should be intact and flexible. The ancillary facilities should be in normal operation.
5.12 Gas pipeline inspection
When the gas pipeline is first opened or reopened after a long period of disuse, the local gas supply unit shall carry out an on-site inspection and replace the gas pipeline to achieve a gas concentration of 90% or more. The gas supply unit shall conduct an on-site inspection and replace the gas pipe until it reaches a gas concentration of 90% or more and meets the operational requirements before resuming gas supply.
5.13 Flue and chimney inspection
When 2 or more boilers share a common flue or chimney, the air extraction of each boiler should be balanced. Each boiler's exhaust pipe should have a separate flue regulator and explosion-proof door as required. When opening part of the boiler, there should be measures to prevent the backflow of high temperature flue gas.
6 Start-up
6.1 Boiler water intake
6.1.1 Steam boiler water intake
6.1.1.1 Water should be fed into the boiler when the water inlet valve is open, and the water inlet speed should be in accordance with the requirements of the boiler operating instructions.
6.1.1.2 In the process of water intake, check whether the venting valve is exhausted, pot Jane, set box hole cover and various valves, flanges, plugs, etc. whether there is water leakage. When the water is fed to the minimum safe water level, stop feeding water for inspection, if there is any abnormality, it should be dealt with.
6.1.1.3 When the boiler ignition has special requirements for the water level, water should be fed to the level required for ignition.
6.1.2 Hot water boilers Water intake
6.1.2.1 Before filling the hot water boiler, all drains and traps should be closed and the bypass valve at the end of the pipe network connecting the water supply and return pipes should be opened.
6.1.2.2 Feed water until water emerges from the top of the boiler, in the pipe network, and from the venting valve on the collection tank.
6.2 Ignition
6.2.1 The method and procedure of ignition of the boiler should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the boiler operating instructions or the operating procedures established by the using unit.
Contents of GB/T 16508.8-2022
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Basic requirements
5 Preparation before operation
6 Start-up
