Shell boilers — Part 1: General requirements
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the general technical requirements for the range, rated parameters, design and calculation, fabrication and inspection, installation and operation, performance test, energy conservation and environmental protection of shell boilers.
1.2 This document is applicable to the fixed shell boilers within the following range:
a) Steam boilers with a rated steam pressure of larger than or equal to 0.1 MPa;
b) Hot water boilers with a rated outlet pressure of larger than or equal to 0.1 MPa and rated thermal power of larger than or equal to 0.1 MW.
1.3 Once-through boilers and heat recovery boilers containing shell boiler elements shall be subjected to this document.
1.4 This document is not applicable to the following equipment:
a) Movable shell boilers;
b) Cooling devices for the cooling requirements of equipment and process flow.
1.5 This document may be used as a reference to fixed shell boilers with rated pressure of less than 0.1 MPa.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 753 Steam condition series for utility boilers
GB/T 1921 Parameters for industrial steam boilers
GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical terminology of boilers
GB 3095 Ambient air quality standard
GB 3096 Environmental quality standards for noise
GB/T 3166 Parameters for hot water boilers
GB 4053 (all parts) Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform
GB 8978 Integrated wastewater discharge standard
GB/T 10180 Thermal performance test code for industrial boilers
GB/T 10863 Thermal test method for gas pass heat recovery boiler
GB 12348 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary
GB 13271 Emission standard of air pollutants for boiler
GB/T 16507.3 Water-tube boilers — Part 3: Structure design
GB/T 16507.4 Water-tube boilers — Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts
GB/T 16508.2 Shell boilers — Part 2: Materials
GB/T 16508.3 Shell boilers — Part 3: Design and strength calculation
GB/T 16508.4 Shell boilers — Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and acceptance
GB/T 16508.5 Shell boilers — Part 5: Safety appurtenances and instruments
GB/T 16508.6 Shell boilers — Part 6: Combustion systems
GB/T 16508.7 Shell boilers — Part 7: Installation
GB/T 16508.8 Shell boilers — Part 8: Operation
GB/T 22395 Specification for design of boiler steel structures
GB 24500 Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades of industrial boilers
GB/T 28056 General specification for gas pass heat recovery boiler
JB/T 2192 Specification for square cast-iron economizer
JB/T 2932 Specification for water treatment equipments
JB/T 6735 Calculation method of strength of boiler hanger rod
JB/T 7985 Specification for small type boilers and atmospheric hot water boilers
JB/T 8501 Boiler soot blowers and thermoprobe
JB/T 9618 Design criteria for interior devices of industrial boiler drum
JB/T 10325 Specification for boiler deaerator
JB/T 10393 Specification for electric boilers
NB/T 47034 Specification for industrial boilers
NB/T 47040 Man-hole or hand-hole of boiler set
NB/T 47049 Technical specification for the manufacture of tubular air preheaters
NB/T 47051 Specification for industrial boiler control devices
NB/T 47062 Biomass molded fuel fired boilers
NB/T 47066 Thermal performance test method for condensing boiler
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.48 and the following apply.
3.1.1
shell boiler
boiler in which the evaporating heating surface is mainly set in the shell, the burning flame or flue gas is in the tube and the working substance flows outside the tube
3.1.2
boiler proper
whole boiler composed of boiler shell steam-water separator, heating surface, header and its connecting tube, furnace, combustion equipment, air preheater, furnace wall, flue (air) duct, framework (including platform and escalator), etc.
3.1.3
pressure element
element subjected to pressure of internal or external working substance
Note: A pressure element is the basic unit to compose boiler pressure component.
3.1.4
pressure component
relatively independent component composed of several pressure elements in a boiler system
Note: Pressure components include boiler shell, furnace liner, reversal chamber, header, water wall, economizer, energy saver, condenser and superheater.
3.1.5
non-pressure element
element not subjected to pressure of working substance
Note: Non-pressure elements include load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements, and load-bearing non-pressure elements include tension braces, supports (hangers) and fasteners.
3.1.6
safety appurtenance
appliance or device for protecting boiler from operating beyond design conditions
3.1.7
instrument
device for displaying or measuring alone or together with other equipment
3.1.8
rated pressure
pressure of working substance at the boiler outlet that shall be guaranteed during long-term continuous operation within the specified feed water pressure and load range, i.e. the rated working pressure or rated outlet pressure marked on the nameplate of the boiler
3.1.9
rated temperature
temperature of working substance at the boiler outlet that shall be guaranteed during long-term continuous operation under the specified design conditions, i.e. the rated steam temperature or rated outlet water temperature marked on the nameplate of the boiler
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
Rm——the lower limit of standard tensile strength of material at room temperature, MPa;
ReL(Rp0.2)——the standard yield strength of material at room temperature, MPa;
——the yield strength of material at design temperature, MPa;
——the endurance strength of material at design temperature (105h), MPa;
——the creep strength of material at design temperature (1×10-5%/h), MPa;
θ——the quality coefficient of cast steel.
4 Responsibilities
4.1 User unit
The user unit shall determine the technical requirements of the boiler according to various factors related to the service conditions, and provide the manufacturer with the following conditions for design and fabrication in written form:
a) The construction standards determined in consultation with the manufacturer;
b) The main parameters and fuel characteristics of the boiler shall be given according to the design requirements, and other requirements shall be proposed.
4.2 Manufacturer
The manufacturer shall ensure that the boiler meets the reasonable requirements of the user. It shall be responsible for implementing the requirements of this document, and meets the following requirements:
a) Design the boiler according to the requirements of the user according to the principles of safety, energy conservation and environmental protection, and ensure that the energy efficiency and emission of the boiler in normal service meet the requirements of laws and regulations and of the user unit;
b) Establish and operate a quality system effectively, and be responsible for the quality of boiler products designed and fabricated;
c) Guarantee the correctness and completeness of the design documents, and the traceability of changes to the design documents;
d) Provide the corresponding technical data to the user unit according to the requirements of GB/T 16508.4, when the boiler leaves the factory.
4.3 Installation unit
The responsibilities of the installation unit are as follows:
a) Boilers shall be installed according to the technical requirements of installation instructions provided by manufacturer and relevant requirements of GB/T 16508.7.
b) The installation unit shall be responsible for the quality of its installation and construction.
Foreword i
Introduction iv
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
4 Responsibilities
5 Range and typical structural type of boiler
6 Rated parameters of boiler
7 Design and calculation
8 Fabrication and inspection
9 Installation and operation
10 Performance test
11 Energy conservation and environmental protection
Appendix A (Informative) Typical structural types of boiler
Bibliography
Shell boilers — Part 1: General requirements
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the general technical requirements for the range, rated parameters, design and calculation, fabrication and inspection, installation and operation, performance test, energy conservation and environmental protection of shell boilers.
1.2 This document is applicable to the fixed shell boilers within the following range:
a) Steam boilers with a rated steam pressure of larger than or equal to 0.1 MPa;
b) Hot water boilers with a rated outlet pressure of larger than or equal to 0.1 MPa and rated thermal power of larger than or equal to 0.1 MW.
1.3 Once-through boilers and heat recovery boilers containing shell boiler elements shall be subjected to this document.
1.4 This document is not applicable to the following equipment:
a) Movable shell boilers;
b) Cooling devices for the cooling requirements of equipment and process flow.
1.5 This document may be used as a reference to fixed shell boilers with rated pressure of less than 0.1 MPa.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 753 Steam condition series for utility boilers
GB/T 1921 Parameters for industrial steam boilers
GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical terminology of boilers
GB 3095 Ambient air quality standard
GB 3096 Environmental quality standards for noise
GB/T 3166 Parameters for hot water boilers
GB 4053 (all parts) Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform
GB 8978 Integrated wastewater discharge standard
GB/T 10180 Thermal performance test code for industrial boilers
GB/T 10863 Thermal test method for gas pass heat recovery boiler
GB 12348 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary
GB 13271 Emission standard of air pollutants for boiler
GB/T 16507.3 Water-tube boilers — Part 3: Structure design
GB/T 16507.4 Water-tube boilers — Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts
GB/T 16508.2 Shell boilers — Part 2: Materials
GB/T 16508.3 Shell boilers — Part 3: Design and strength calculation
GB/T 16508.4 Shell boilers — Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and acceptance
GB/T 16508.5 Shell boilers — Part 5: Safety appurtenances and instruments
GB/T 16508.6 Shell boilers — Part 6: Combustion systems
GB/T 16508.7 Shell boilers — Part 7: Installation
GB/T 16508.8 Shell boilers — Part 8: Operation
GB/T 22395 Specification for design of boiler steel structures
GB 24500 Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades of industrial boilers
GB/T 28056 General specification for gas pass heat recovery boiler
JB/T 2192 Specification for square cast-iron economizer
JB/T 2932 Specification for water treatment equipments
JB/T 6735 Calculation method of strength of boiler hanger rod
JB/T 7985 Specification for small type boilers and atmospheric hot water boilers
JB/T 8501 Boiler soot blowers and thermoprobe
JB/T 9618 Design criteria for interior devices of industrial boiler drum
JB/T 10325 Specification for boiler deaerator
JB/T 10393 Specification for electric boilers
NB/T 47034 Specification for industrial boilers
NB/T 47040 Man-hole or hand-hole of boiler set
NB/T 47049 Technical specification for the manufacture of tubular air preheaters
NB/T 47051 Specification for industrial boiler control devices
NB/T 47062 Biomass molded fuel fired boilers
NB/T 47066 Thermal performance test method for condensing boiler
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.48 and the following apply.
3.1.1
shell boiler
boiler in which the evaporating heating surface is mainly set in the shell, the burning flame or flue gas is in the tube and the working substance flows outside the tube
3.1.2
boiler proper
whole boiler composed of boiler shell steam-water separator, heating surface, header and its connecting tube, furnace, combustion equipment, air preheater, furnace wall, flue (air) duct, framework (including platform and escalator), etc.
3.1.3
pressure element
element subjected to pressure of internal or external working substance
Note: A pressure element is the basic unit to compose boiler pressure component.
3.1.4
pressure component
relatively independent component composed of several pressure elements in a boiler system
Note: Pressure components include boiler shell, furnace liner, reversal chamber, header, water wall, economizer, energy saver, condenser and superheater.
3.1.5
non-pressure element
element not subjected to pressure of working substance
Note: Non-pressure elements include load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements, and load-bearing non-pressure elements include tension braces, supports (hangers) and fasteners.
3.1.6
safety appurtenance
appliance or device for protecting boiler from operating beyond design conditions
3.1.7
instrument
device for displaying or measuring alone or together with other equipment
3.1.8
rated pressure
pressure of working substance at the boiler outlet that shall be guaranteed during long-term continuous operation within the specified feed water pressure and load range, i.e. the rated working pressure or rated outlet pressure marked on the nameplate of the boiler
3.1.9
rated temperature
temperature of working substance at the boiler outlet that shall be guaranteed during long-term continuous operation under the specified design conditions, i.e. the rated steam temperature or rated outlet water temperature marked on the nameplate of the boiler
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
Rm——the lower limit of standard tensile strength of material at room temperature, MPa;
ReL(Rp0.2)——the standard yield strength of material at room temperature, MPa;
——the yield strength of material at design temperature, MPa;
——the endurance strength of material at design temperature (105h), MPa;
——the creep strength of material at design temperature (1×10-5%/h), MPa;
θ——the quality coefficient of cast steel.
4 Responsibilities
4.1 User unit
The user unit shall determine the technical requirements of the boiler according to various factors related to the service conditions, and provide the manufacturer with the following conditions for design and fabrication in written form:
a) The construction standards determined in consultation with the manufacturer;
b) The main parameters and fuel characteristics of the boiler shall be given according to the design requirements, and other requirements shall be proposed.
4.2 Manufacturer
The manufacturer shall ensure that the boiler meets the reasonable requirements of the user. It shall be responsible for implementing the requirements of this document, and meets the following requirements:
a) Design the boiler according to the requirements of the user according to the principles of safety, energy conservation and environmental protection, and ensure that the energy efficiency and emission of the boiler in normal service meet the requirements of laws and regulations and of the user unit;
b) Establish and operate a quality system effectively, and be responsible for the quality of boiler products designed and fabricated;
c) Guarantee the correctness and completeness of the design documents, and the traceability of changes to the design documents;
d) Provide the corresponding technical data to the user unit according to the requirements of GB/T 16508.4, when the boiler leaves the factory.
4.3 Installation unit
The responsibilities of the installation unit are as follows:
a) Boilers shall be installed according to the technical requirements of installation instructions provided by manufacturer and relevant requirements of GB/T 16508.7.
b) The installation unit shall be responsible for the quality of its installation and construction.
Contents of GB/T 16508.1-2022
Foreword i
Introduction iv
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
4 Responsibilities
5 Range and typical structural type of boiler
6 Rated parameters of boiler
7 Design and calculation
8 Fabrication and inspection
9 Installation and operation
10 Performance test
11 Energy conservation and environmental protection
Appendix A (Informative) Typical structural types of boiler
Bibliography
