Define, classify, marking and degradability requirement of degradable plastic
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms, definitions, classification, marking and degradability requirement of degradable plastic.
This standard is applicable to the following types of degradable materials:
——Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or their mixtures;
——Plastic materials containing additives such as plasticizers, pigments or other compounds;
——Water soluble polymer;
——Products processed from various degradable plastic materials.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections), or revisions, of any of these publications do not apply to this standard. However parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB/T 1040 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties
GB/T 1844.2 Symbols of plastics and resins - Part 2: Fillers and reinforcing materials (GB/T 1844.2-1995; neq ISO 1043-2: 1987)
GB/T 1844.3 Symbols of plastics and resins - Part 3: Plasticizers (GB/T 1844.3-1995; neq ISO 1043-3: 1987)
GB/T 7141 Plastics - Methods of exposure to thermal air
GB/T 13022 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties of films (GB/T 13022-1991; neq ISO 1184: 1983)
GB/T 15596 Plastics - Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or artificial light (GB/T 15596-1995; eqv ISO 4582: 1980)
GB/T 16422.2 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2:Xenon-arc sources (GB/T 16422.2-1999; idt ISO 4892-2: 1994)
GB/T 17603 Standard practice for outdoor exposure testing of photodegradable plastics
GB/T 19276.1 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (GB/T 19276.1-2003; ISO 14851: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 19276.2 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (GB/T 19276.2-2003; ISO 14852: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 19277 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions—Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (GB/T 19277-2003; ISO 14855: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 19811 Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under defined composting conditions in a pilot-scale test (GB/T 19811-2005; ISO 16929: 2002, IDT)
CJ/T 96 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of organic matter - Ignition method
CJ/T 97 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total chromium - Diphenyl carbazide color method
CJ/T 98 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of mercury - Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 99 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of pH - Glass electrode method
CJ/T 100 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of cadmium - Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 101 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of lead - Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 102 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of arsenic - Spectrophotometric method with silver diethyldithiocarbamate
CJ/T 103 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total nitrogen - Semi-micro Kjeldahl method
CJ/T 104 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total phosphorus - Ammonium metamolybdate spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 105 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total potassium - Flame spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 3059 Technical evaluating targets on municipal solid waste composting plant
ISO 3310-2: 1999 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate
ISO 11465: 1993 Soil quality - Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis - Gravimetric method
ISO 14853: 2005 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in an aqueous system - Method by measurement of biogas production
ISO 15985: 2004 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation and disintegration under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions - Method by analysis of released biogas
ISO 17556: 2003 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved
ASTM D 5510: 1994 (2001) Standard practice for heat aging of oxidatively degradable plastics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
degradation
process of significant structural change and loss of properties (e.g., integrity, relative molecular mass structure, or mechanical strength), which occurs after a certain period of time and involves one or more steps, under the influence of environmental conditions
See “deterioration” (3.6).
3.2
biodegradation
degradation caused by biological activities, especially significant changes in the chemical structure of the material due to the action of enzymes, in which the material is progressively disintegrated by microorganisms or certain organisms as a nutritional resource, resulting in loss of mass, degradation of properties such as physical properties, etc., and eventually the decomposition of the material into compounds or monomers of simpler composition, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or/and methane (CH4), water (H2O) and mineralized inorganic salts of the elements it contains, as well as new biomass
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Marking
5 Technical requirements for degradability
6 Test methods for degradability
Define, classify, marking and degradability requirement of degradable plastic
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms, definitions, classification, marking and degradability requirement of degradable plastic.
This standard is applicable to the following types of degradable materials:
——Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or their mixtures;
——Plastic materials containing additives such as plasticizers, pigments or other compounds;
——Water soluble polymer;
——Products processed from various degradable plastic materials.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections), or revisions, of any of these publications do not apply to this standard. However parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB/T 1040 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties
GB/T 1844.2 Symbols of plastics and resins - Part 2: Fillers and reinforcing materials (GB/T 1844.2-1995; neq ISO 1043-2: 1987)
GB/T 1844.3 Symbols of plastics and resins - Part 3: Plasticizers (GB/T 1844.3-1995; neq ISO 1043-3: 1987)
GB/T 7141 Plastics - Methods of exposure to thermal air
GB/T 13022 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties of films (GB/T 13022-1991; neq ISO 1184: 1983)
GB/T 15596 Plastics - Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or artificial light (GB/T 15596-1995; eqv ISO 4582: 1980)
GB/T 16422.2 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2:Xenon-arc sources (GB/T 16422.2-1999; idt ISO 4892-2: 1994)
GB/T 17603 Standard practice for outdoor exposure testing of photodegradable plastics
GB/T 19276.1 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (GB/T 19276.1-2003; ISO 14851: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 19276.2 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (GB/T 19276.2-2003; ISO 14852: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 19277 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions—Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (GB/T 19277-2003; ISO 14855: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 19811 Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under defined composting conditions in a pilot-scale test (GB/T 19811-2005; ISO 16929: 2002, IDT)
CJ/T 96 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of organic matter - Ignition method
CJ/T 97 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total chromium - Diphenyl carbazide color method
CJ/T 98 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of mercury - Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 99 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of pH - Glass electrode method
CJ/T 100 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of cadmium - Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 101 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of lead - Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 102 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of arsenic - Spectrophotometric method with silver diethyldithiocarbamate
CJ/T 103 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total nitrogen - Semi-micro Kjeldahl method
CJ/T 104 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total phosphorus - Ammonium metamolybdate spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 105 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total potassium - Flame spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 3059 Technical evaluating targets on municipal solid waste composting plant
ISO 3310-2: 1999 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate
ISO 11465: 1993 Soil quality - Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis - Gravimetric method
ISO 14853: 2005 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in an aqueous system - Method by measurement of biogas production
ISO 15985: 2004 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation and disintegration under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions - Method by analysis of released biogas
ISO 17556: 2003 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved
ASTM D 5510: 1994 (2001) Standard practice for heat aging of oxidatively degradable plastics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
degradation
process of significant structural change and loss of properties (e.g., integrity, relative molecular mass structure, or mechanical strength), which occurs after a certain period of time and involves one or more steps, under the influence of environmental conditions
See “deterioration” (3.6).
3.2
biodegradation
degradation caused by biological activities, especially significant changes in the chemical structure of the material due to the action of enzymes, in which the material is progressively disintegrated by microorganisms or certain organisms as a nutritional resource, resulting in loss of mass, degradation of properties such as physical properties, etc., and eventually the decomposition of the material into compounds or monomers of simpler composition, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or/and methane (CH4), water (H2O) and mineralized inorganic salts of the elements it contains, as well as new biomass
Contents of GB/T 20197-2006
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Marking
5 Technical requirements for degradability
6 Test methods for degradability
