Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This Standard is identical to IEC 60695-11-10:1999 "Fire Hazard Testing - Part 11-10: Test Flames - 50 W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods" and the Amendment of IEC 60695-11-10:1999 (issued in August, 2003).
In order to make it convenient for use, the following editing modification had been made on this Standard:
a) "This Part of IEC 60695" is changed into "this Standard";
b) Standard name is changed from "Fire Hazard Testing - Part 11-10: Test Flames - 50 W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods" into "Plastics - Determination of Burning Characteristics - Horizontal and Vertical Test".
c) The foreword of IEC 60695-11-10 was deleted;
d) Add the foreword of this Standard;
e) Replace the decimal point "," in original international standard with the decimal point ".";
f) For the international standards quoted in IEC 60695-11-10, part of them are replaced by corresponding Chinese standards, and the rest are direct quoted in this Standard.
This Standard replaces GB/T 2408-1996 "Plastics — Determination of the Burning Behaviour of Horizontal and Vertical Specimens in Contact with a Small-flame Ignition Source". Compared this Standard with GB/T 2408-1996, the main changes on technical contents are as follows:
a) Standard name is changed from "Plastics - Determination of the Burning Behaviour of Horizontal and Vertical Specimens in Contact with a Small-flame Ignition Source" into "Plastics - Determination of Burning Characteristics - Horizontal and Vertical Test";
b) Test flames is clear and definite specified as source of ignition source with a small-flame nominal power of 50 W;
c) Add the contents and foreword;
d) Part of definitions were modified, for example, after flame, afterglow, etc.;
c) Enhance the requirements on the precision of timing device;
f) Specifies more specific requirements for the dimension of test specimen;
g) Modifies the category marks of horizontal and vertical methods.
Appendix A and Appendix B of this Standard are informative.
This Standard was proposed by China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association.
This Standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee 15 on Plastic of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 15).
Drafting organization of this Standard: National Center of Quality Supervision and Inspection and Testing for Synthetic Resin.
Participating drafting organizations of this Standard: China National Center for Quality Supervision & Test of Plastic Products (Fuzhou), National Test Center of Polymer and Chemical Building Materials of Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, SINOPEC, Najing Jiangning District Analytical Instrument Factory, Shanghai Fire Research Institute — the Ministry of Public Security, Guangzhou Kingfa Sci. and Tech. Co., Ltd., and Shandong Longkou Dawn Engineering Plastic Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Standard: Zheng Ning, Song Jiarong, Wang Jiandong, Li Jianjun, Zhang Zhengmin, He Peng, Yang Zonglin, Wang Fuhai and Zhang Chengjie.
The previous editions of the standards replaced by this Standard are as follows:
— GB/T 2408-1980, GB/T 2408-1996.
Plastics —
Determination of Burning Characteristics — Horizontal and Vertical Test
塑料 燃烧性能的测定 水平法和垂直法
1 Scope
This Standard specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning behaviour of vertically or horizontally oriented specimens made from plastic and other non-metallic materials, exposed to a small-flame ignition source of 50 W nominal power.
These test methods determine the linear burning rate and the afterflame/afterglow times, as well as the damaged length of specimens. They are applicable to solid and cellular materials that have an apparent density of not less than 250 kg/m3, determined in accordance with GB/T 64633. They do not apply to materials that shrink away from the applied flame without igniting; ISO 9773 should be used for thin flexible materials.
The test methods described provide classification systems (see 8.4 and 9.4), which may be used for quality assurance, or the pre-selection of component materials of products.
The methods may be used for the pre-selection of a material, providing positive results are obtained at a thickness equal to the smallest thickness used in the application.
Note: Test results are influenced by material components, e.g. pigments, fillers and fire-retardants, and properties such as the direction of anisotropy and the molecular mass.
2 Normative References
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB/T 1844.1-2008 Plastics — Symbols and Abbreviated Terms — Part 1: Basic Polymers and Their Special Characteristics (ISO 1043. 1:2001, IDT)
GB/T 2918-1998 Plastics — Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing (idt ISO 291:1997)
GB/T 5169.5-1997 Fire Hazard Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 5: Test Flames — Needle Test Method — Apparatus Confirmatory Arrangement and Guidance (idt IEC 60695-2-2:1991)
GB/T 5169.17-2002 Fire Hazard Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 17: Test Flames — 500W Flame Test Methods (idt IEC 60695-11-20:1999)
GB/T 5471-2008 Plastics — Compression Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermosetting Materials (ISO 295:2004, IDT)
GB/T 6343-1995 Cellular Plastics and Rubbers — Determination of Apparent (Bulk) Density (ISO 845:1988, IDT)
GB/T 6379.2-2004 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method
GB/T 9352-2008 Plastic — Compression Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials (ISO 293:2004,IDT)
GB/T 12006.1-1989 Polyamides — Determination of Viscosity Number (neq ISO 307:1994)
GB/T 17037.1-1997 Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part 1: General Principles and Moulding of Multipurpose and Bar Test Specimens (ISO 294-1:1996, IDT)
GB/T 17037.3-2003 Plastics — Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part3: Small Plates (ISO 294-3:2002,IDT)
GB/T 17037.4-2003 Plastics — Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part 4: Determination of Moulding Shrinkage (ISO 294-4:2001, IDT)
ISO 294-2:1996 Plastics — Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part 2: Small Tensile Baes
ISO 294-5:2001 Plastics — Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part 5: Preparation of Standard Specimens for Investigating Anisotropy
ISO 9773:1998 Plastics — Determination of Burning Behaviour of Thin Flexible Vertical Specimens in Contact with a Small-flame Ignition Source
ISO 10093:1998 Plastics — Fire Tests — Standard Ignition Sources
ISO/IEC Guide 51:1990 Guidelines for the Inclusion of Safety Aspects in Standards
IEC Guide 104:1997 The preparation of Safety Publications and the Use of Basic Safety Publications and Group Safety Publications
IEC 60695-11-4:2004 Fire Hazard Testing — Part 11-4: Test Flames — 50 W Flames — Apparatus and Confirmational Test Methods
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1 Afterflame
Persistence of flaming of a material under specified test conditions, after the ignition source has been removed.
3.2 Afterflame time (t1, t2)
The length of time during which an afterflame persists.
3.3 Afterglow
Persistence of glowing of a material under specified test conditions, after cessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after the ignition source has been removed.
3.4 Afterglow time (t3)
The length of time during which an afterglow persists.
4 Principle
A rectangular bar-shaped test specimen is supported horizontally or vertically by one end and the free end is exposed to a specified test flame. The burning behaviour of the horizontally supported bar is assessed by measuring the linear burning rate. The burning behaviour of the vertically supported bar is assessed by measuring the afterflame and afterglow times, the extent of burning and dripping of flaming particles.
5 Significance of Test
5.1 Tests made on a material under the conditions specified can be of considerable value when comparing the relative burning behaviour of different materials, controlling manufacturing processes or assessing any change in burning characteristics. The results obtained from these methods are dependent on the shape, orientation and environment surrounding the specimen, and on the conditions of ignition.
The significant feature of these test methods is the arrangement of the test specimens in either a horizontal or a vertical position. These testing arrangements make it possible to distinguish between the different degrees of flammability of materials.
The horizontal position of the test specimen in test method A, concerned with horizontal burning (HB), is particularly suitable for evaluating the extent of burning and/or the velocity of flame propagation, i.e. the linear burning rate.
The vertical position of the test specimen in test method B, concerned with vertical burning (V), is particularly suitable for evaluating the extent of burning after removal of the test flame.
Note 1: The results obtained with the horizontal burning (HB) and vertical burning (V) methods are not equivalent.
Note 2: The results obtained with these methods and with the 5VA and 5VB burning tests specified in GB/T 5169.17-2002 are not equivalent because the test flame is approximately 10 times less severe.
5.2 Results obtained in accordance with this standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard presented by a particular material or shape under actual fire conditions. Assessment of fire hazard requires consideration of such factors as fuel contribution, intensity of burning (rate of heat release), products of combustion and environmental factors, including intensity of source, orientation of exposed material and ventilation conditions.
5.3 Burning behaviour, as measured by these test methods, is affected by such factors as density, any anisotropy of the material and the thickness of the test specimen.
5.4 Certain specimens may shrink from or be distorted by the applied flame without igniting. In this event, additional test specimens will be required to obtain valid results. If valid results cannot be obtained, these materials are not suitable for evaluation by these test methods.
Note: For thin flexible specimens, and in cases where more than one test specimen shrinks from the applied flame without igniting, ISO 9773:1998 should be used.
5.5 The burning behaviour of some plastic materials may change with time. It is accordingly advisable to carry out tests before and after ageing using an appropriate procedure. The preferred oven conditioning shall be seven days at 70 ℃ ± 2 ℃. However, other ageing times and temperatures may be used by agreement between the interested parties, and shall be
noted in the test report.
6 Apparatus
The apparatus shall be composed of the elements listed below.
6.1 Laboratory fumehood/chamber
The laboratory fumehood/chamber shall have an inside volume of at least 0.5 m3. The chamber shall permit observation of tests in progress and shall be draught-free, whilst allowing normal thermal circulation of air past the test specimen during burning. The inside surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark colour. When a light meter, facing towards the rear of the chamber, is positioned in place of the test specimen, the recorded light level shall be less than 20 lx. For safety and convenience, it is desirable that this enclosure (which can be completely closed) be fitted with an extraction device, such as an exhaust fan, to remove products of combustion which may be toxic. The extraction device shall be turned off during the test and turned on immediately after the test to remove the fire effluents. A positive closing damper may be needed.
Note: Placing a mirror in the chamber, which provides a rear view of the test specimen, has been found useful.
6.2 Laboratory burner
The laboratory burner shall conform to IEC 60695-11-4:2004, flames A, B or C.
Note: ISO 10093:1998 describes the burner as ignition source P/PF2 (50 W).
6.3 Ring stand
The ring stand shall have clamps or the equivalent, adjustable for the positioning of the test specimen (see Figures 1 and 3).
6.4 Timing device
The timing device shall have a resolution of at least 0.5 s.
6.5 Measuring scale
The measuring scale shall be graduated in millimetres.
6.6 Wire gauze
The wire gauze shall be 20 mesh (approximately 20 openings per 25 mm), made with 0.40 mm to 0.45 mm diameter steel wire and cut into approximately 125 mm squares.
6.7 Conditioning chamber
It shall be possible to maintain the conditioning chamber at 23 ℃ ± 2 ℃ and a relative humidity of 50 % ± 5 %.
Foreword II 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Principle 5 Significance of Test 6 Apparatus 7 Specimens 8 Test Method A — Horizontal burning Test 9 Test Method B — Vertical Burning Test Appendix A (Informative) Precision of Test Method A Appendix B (Informative) Precision of Test Method B Bibliography
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This Standard is identical to IEC 60695-11-10:1999 "Fire Hazard Testing - Part 11-10: Test Flames - 50 W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods" and the Amendment of IEC 60695-11-10:1999 (issued in August, 2003).
In order to make it convenient for use, the following editing modification had been made on this Standard:
a) "This Part of IEC 60695" is changed into "this Standard";
b) Standard name is changed from "Fire Hazard Testing - Part 11-10: Test Flames - 50 W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods" into "Plastics - Determination of Burning Characteristics - Horizontal and Vertical Test".
c) The foreword of IEC 60695-11-10 was deleted;
d) Add the foreword of this Standard;
e) Replace the decimal point "," in original international standard with the decimal point ".";
f) For the international standards quoted in IEC 60695-11-10, part of them are replaced by corresponding Chinese standards, and the rest are direct quoted in this Standard.
This Standard replaces GB/T 2408-1996 "Plastics — Determination of the Burning Behaviour of Horizontal and Vertical Specimens in Contact with a Small-flame Ignition Source". Compared this Standard with GB/T 2408-1996, the main changes on technical contents are as follows:
a) Standard name is changed from "Plastics - Determination of the Burning Behaviour of Horizontal and Vertical Specimens in Contact with a Small-flame Ignition Source" into "Plastics - Determination of Burning Characteristics - Horizontal and Vertical Test";
b) Test flames is clear and definite specified as source of ignition source with a small-flame nominal power of 50 W;
c) Add the contents and foreword;
d) Part of definitions were modified, for example, after flame, afterglow, etc.;
c) Enhance the requirements on the precision of timing device;
f) Specifies more specific requirements for the dimension of test specimen;
g) Modifies the category marks of horizontal and vertical methods.
Appendix A and Appendix B of this Standard are informative.
This Standard was proposed by China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association.
This Standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee 15 on Plastic of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 15).
Drafting organization of this Standard: National Center of Quality Supervision and Inspection and Testing for Synthetic Resin.
Participating drafting organizations of this Standard: China National Center for Quality Supervision & Test of Plastic Products (Fuzhou), National Test Center of Polymer and Chemical Building Materials of Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, SINOPEC, Najing Jiangning District Analytical Instrument Factory, Shanghai Fire Research Institute — the Ministry of Public Security, Guangzhou Kingfa Sci. and Tech. Co., Ltd., and Shandong Longkou Dawn Engineering Plastic Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Standard: Zheng Ning, Song Jiarong, Wang Jiandong, Li Jianjun, Zhang Zhengmin, He Peng, Yang Zonglin, Wang Fuhai and Zhang Chengjie.
The previous editions of the standards replaced by this Standard are as follows:
— GB/T 2408-1980, GB/T 2408-1996.
Plastics —
Determination of Burning Characteristics — Horizontal and Vertical Test
塑料 燃烧性能的测定 水平法和垂直法
1 Scope
This Standard specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning behaviour of vertically or horizontally oriented specimens made from plastic and other non-metallic materials, exposed to a small-flame ignition source of 50 W nominal power.
These test methods determine the linear burning rate and the afterflame/afterglow times, as well as the damaged length of specimens. They are applicable to solid and cellular materials that have an apparent density of not less than 250 kg/m3, determined in accordance with GB/T 64633. They do not apply to materials that shrink away from the applied flame without igniting; ISO 9773 should be used for thin flexible materials.
The test methods described provide classification systems (see 8.4 and 9.4), which may be used for quality assurance, or the pre-selection of component materials of products.
The methods may be used for the pre-selection of a material, providing positive results are obtained at a thickness equal to the smallest thickness used in the application.
Note: Test results are influenced by material components, e.g. pigments, fillers and fire-retardants, and properties such as the direction of anisotropy and the molecular mass.
2 Normative References
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB/T 1844.1-2008 Plastics — Symbols and Abbreviated Terms — Part 1: Basic Polymers and Their Special Characteristics (ISO 1043. 1:2001, IDT)
GB/T 2918-1998 Plastics — Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing (idt ISO 291:1997)
GB/T 5169.5-1997 Fire Hazard Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 5: Test Flames — Needle Test Method — Apparatus Confirmatory Arrangement and Guidance (idt IEC 60695-2-2:1991)
GB/T 5169.17-2002 Fire Hazard Testing for Electric and Electronic Products — Part 17: Test Flames — 500W Flame Test Methods (idt IEC 60695-11-20:1999)
GB/T 5471-2008 Plastics — Compression Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermosetting Materials (ISO 295:2004, IDT)
GB/T 6343-1995 Cellular Plastics and Rubbers — Determination of Apparent (Bulk) Density (ISO 845:1988, IDT)
GB/T 6379.2-2004 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results — Part 2: Basic Method for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method
GB/T 9352-2008 Plastic — Compression Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials (ISO 293:2004,IDT)
GB/T 12006.1-1989 Polyamides — Determination of Viscosity Number (neq ISO 307:1994)
GB/T 17037.1-1997 Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part 1: General Principles and Moulding of Multipurpose and Bar Test Specimens (ISO 294-1:1996, IDT)
GB/T 17037.3-2003 Plastics — Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part3: Small Plates (ISO 294-3:2002,IDT)
GB/T 17037.4-2003 Plastics — Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part 4: Determination of Moulding Shrinkage (ISO 294-4:2001, IDT)
ISO 294-2:1996 Plastics — Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part 2: Small Tensile Baes
ISO 294-5:2001 Plastics — Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials — Part 5: Preparation of Standard Specimens for Investigating Anisotropy
ISO 9773:1998 Plastics — Determination of Burning Behaviour of Thin Flexible Vertical Specimens in Contact with a Small-flame Ignition Source
ISO 10093:1998 Plastics — Fire Tests — Standard Ignition Sources
ISO/IEC Guide 51:1990 Guidelines for the Inclusion of Safety Aspects in Standards
IEC Guide 104:1997 The preparation of Safety Publications and the Use of Basic Safety Publications and Group Safety Publications
IEC 60695-11-4:2004 Fire Hazard Testing — Part 11-4: Test Flames — 50 W Flames — Apparatus and Confirmational Test Methods
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1 Afterflame
Persistence of flaming of a material under specified test conditions, after the ignition source has been removed.
3.2 Afterflame time (t1, t2)
The length of time during which an afterflame persists.
3.3 Afterglow
Persistence of glowing of a material under specified test conditions, after cessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after the ignition source has been removed.
3.4 Afterglow time (t3)
The length of time during which an afterglow persists.
4 Principle
A rectangular bar-shaped test specimen is supported horizontally or vertically by one end and the free end is exposed to a specified test flame. The burning behaviour of the horizontally supported bar is assessed by measuring the linear burning rate. The burning behaviour of the vertically supported bar is assessed by measuring the afterflame and afterglow times, the extent of burning and dripping of flaming particles.
5 Significance of Test
5.1 Tests made on a material under the conditions specified can be of considerable value when comparing the relative burning behaviour of different materials, controlling manufacturing processes or assessing any change in burning characteristics. The results obtained from these methods are dependent on the shape, orientation and environment surrounding the specimen, and on the conditions of ignition.
The significant feature of these test methods is the arrangement of the test specimens in either a horizontal or a vertical position. These testing arrangements make it possible to distinguish between the different degrees of flammability of materials.
The horizontal position of the test specimen in test method A, concerned with horizontal burning (HB), is particularly suitable for evaluating the extent of burning and/or the velocity of flame propagation, i.e. the linear burning rate.
The vertical position of the test specimen in test method B, concerned with vertical burning (V), is particularly suitable for evaluating the extent of burning after removal of the test flame.
Note 1: The results obtained with the horizontal burning (HB) and vertical burning (V) methods are not equivalent.
Note 2: The results obtained with these methods and with the 5VA and 5VB burning tests specified in GB/T 5169.17-2002 are not equivalent because the test flame is approximately 10 times less severe.
5.2 Results obtained in accordance with this standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard presented by a particular material or shape under actual fire conditions. Assessment of fire hazard requires consideration of such factors as fuel contribution, intensity of burning (rate of heat release), products of combustion and environmental factors, including intensity of source, orientation of exposed material and ventilation conditions.
5.3 Burning behaviour, as measured by these test methods, is affected by such factors as density, any anisotropy of the material and the thickness of the test specimen.
5.4 Certain specimens may shrink from or be distorted by the applied flame without igniting. In this event, additional test specimens will be required to obtain valid results. If valid results cannot be obtained, these materials are not suitable for evaluation by these test methods.
Note: For thin flexible specimens, and in cases where more than one test specimen shrinks from the applied flame without igniting, ISO 9773:1998 should be used.
5.5 The burning behaviour of some plastic materials may change with time. It is accordingly advisable to carry out tests before and after ageing using an appropriate procedure. The preferred oven conditioning shall be seven days at 70 ℃ ± 2 ℃. However, other ageing times and temperatures may be used by agreement between the interested parties, and shall be
noted in the test report.
6 Apparatus
The apparatus shall be composed of the elements listed below.
6.1 Laboratory fumehood/chamber
The laboratory fumehood/chamber shall have an inside volume of at least 0.5 m3. The chamber shall permit observation of tests in progress and shall be draught-free, whilst allowing normal thermal circulation of air past the test specimen during burning. The inside surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark colour. When a light meter, facing towards the rear of the chamber, is positioned in place of the test specimen, the recorded light level shall be less than 20 lx. For safety and convenience, it is desirable that this enclosure (which can be completely closed) be fitted with an extraction device, such as an exhaust fan, to remove products of combustion which may be toxic. The extraction device shall be turned off during the test and turned on immediately after the test to remove the fire effluents. A positive closing damper may be needed.
Note: Placing a mirror in the chamber, which provides a rear view of the test specimen, has been found useful.
6.2 Laboratory burner
The laboratory burner shall conform to IEC 60695-11-4:2004, flames A, B or C.
Note: ISO 10093:1998 describes the burner as ignition source P/PF2 (50 W).
6.3 Ring stand
The ring stand shall have clamps or the equivalent, adjustable for the positioning of the test specimen (see Figures 1 and 3).
6.4 Timing device
The timing device shall have a resolution of at least 0.5 s.
6.5 Measuring scale
The measuring scale shall be graduated in millimetres.
6.6 Wire gauze
The wire gauze shall be 20 mesh (approximately 20 openings per 25 mm), made with 0.40 mm to 0.45 mm diameter steel wire and cut into approximately 125 mm squares.
6.7 Conditioning chamber
It shall be possible to maintain the conditioning chamber at 23 ℃ ± 2 ℃ and a relative humidity of 50 % ± 5 %.
Contents of GB/T 2408-2008
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Principle
5 Significance of Test
6 Apparatus
7 Specimens
8 Test Method A — Horizontal burning Test
9 Test Method B — Vertical Burning Test
Appendix A (Informative) Precision of Test Method A
Appendix B (Informative) Precision of Test Method B
Bibliography
