This standard specifies the relevant definitions, types, parameters, basic performance and test requirements of semiconductor power convertors.
1.2 Application Scope
This standard is applicable to electronic power convertors and electronic power switches consisting of electronic valves. As for operating mode, it is mainly applicable to rectifiers and inverters based on line commutaion or convertors with such two operations.
The said electronic valves mainly cover circuit valves consisting of power semiconductor devices (such as diodes, various thyristors and power transistors, etc.). These devices may generally be controlled by electrical or optical signals and work in on-off state.
This standard may also be used as a standard of other electronic power convertors (for example self commutation line-commutated convertors, d.c.-a.c. convertors, convertors for motor transmission, convertors for electric railway, etc.) if no contradiction. Under general situation, respective classification product standard shall also be established based on this standard for such convertors.
GB/T 3589.3 "Semiconductor Convertors-Transformers and Reactors"
JB 4276 "Technical Specifications for Power Convertor Packing"
GB/T 13384 "General Specifications for Packing of Mechanical and Electrical Products"
GB 10236 "Guide for Evaluation of Interference Effects and Com-patibility Technology between Semiconductor Convertors and Power Supply System"
GB/T 2423 "Basic Environmental Testing Procedures for Electric and Electronic Products"
GB/T 3768 "Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources-Survey Method"
GB 2536 "Transformer Oils"
JB 1505 "Preparation Method for Model of Semiconductor Power Convertor"
3 Terms and Symbols
3.1 Terms
Terms and definitions given here are only used in this standard or are main ones. Other terms and definitions with respect to power and electronic technology may refer to GB 2900.32, GB 2900.33 and GB/T 3859.2.
3.1.1 General terms
3.1.1.1 Semiconductor device
Device whose essential characteristics are due to the flow of charge carriers within a semiconductor.
3.1.1.2 Power semiconductor diode
Two-terminal semiconductor device having an asymmetrical voltage/current characteristic, designed for use in power convertor connections.
3.1.1.3 Thyristor
Bi-stable semiconductor device comprising three or more functions which can be switched from the off-state to the on-state.
Note: The term "thyristor" is used as a generic term to cover the whole range of PNPN type devices. It may be used by itself for any member of the thyristor family when such use does not result in ambiguity or misunderstanding. In particular, the term ''thyristor" is widely used for reverse blocking triode thyristor.
3.1.1.4 Reverse blocking triode thyristor
Three-terminal thyristor which does not turn on for negative anode voltage but exhibits a reverse blocking gate.
3.1.1.5 Reverse conducting triode thyristor
Three-terminal thyristor which does not block for negative anode voltage but conducts large reverse currents at voltages comparable in magnitude to the forward on-state voltages.
3.1.1.6 Bidirectional triode thyristor
Three-terminal thyristor having substantially the same switching behaviour in the first and third quadrants of the principal characteristic.
3.1.1.7 Turn-off thyristor (GTO=Gate Turn Off)
Thyristor which can be switched from the on-state to the off-state and vice versa by applying control signals of appropriate polarity to the gate terminal.
3.1.1.8 Power transistor
Junction transistor for controlling power.
3.1.1.9 (valve device) stack
Single structure comprising one or more valve devices and relevant fixtures.
3.1.1.10 (valve device) assembly
Assembly in electrical and mechanical combination with valve devices or stacks, including electrical connection and accessories in the mechanical structure.
3.1.1.11 Convretor assembly
Assembly for electronic power conversion in electrical and mechanical combination with valve devices or stacks, including electrical connection and accessories in the mechanical structure.
3.1.1.12 Convertor equipment
Equipment composed of one or more convretor assemblies together with convertor transformer, wave filter (if necessary), switchgear and other auxiliary device (if any), mainly used for variable current operation. For example, equipment used for rectification, inversion, frequency conversion and chopping.
Note: Similar term is also applicable to specific convertor equipment, for example rectifying equipment and inversion equipment.
3.1.1.13 (electronic) (power) convertor
General term of convertor equipment and convretor assembly. The majority of it refers to convertor equipment customarily.
Note: Convertor equipment shall be required if convertor equipment and convretor assembly need to be defined and distinguished in order to avoid confusion.
3.1.1.14 One quadrant convertor
Convertor connected to the d.c. system, with only one possible voltage polarity and current direction.
3.1.1.15 Two quadrant (single) convertor
Convertor conencted to the d.c. system, with two possible power flow directions, and its d.c. electrical quantity direction may only be changed by voltage or current.
Note: Single line-commutated convertor with possible voltage direction variation only as for external commutation convertor.
3.1.1.16 Four quadrant (double) convertor
Convertor conencted to the d.c. system, with two possible power flow directions, and both direct voltage direction and direct current direction may be changed.
3.1.1.17 Reversible convertor
Convertor with reversible power flow direction.
3.1.7.18 Single convertor
Reversible convertor connected to the d.c. system, with direct current flowing along one direction only.
3.1.1.19 Double convertor
Reversible convertor connected to the d.c. system and composed of two convertor groups, with each group passing through one direction of current.
3.1.1.20 Convertor section (of double convertor)
A part of double convertor; in view of direct current end, the direct current of this part always flows along the same direction.
3.1.1.21 Trigger equipment
Equipment which provides suitable trigger pulses from a control signal for controllable valve devices, including timing or phase shifting circuits, pulse generating circuits and usually power supply circuits.
3.1.1.22 System control assembly
Assembly associated with power and electronic equipment which performs automatic adjustment of output characteristics (for example, the function of motor speed or tractive force).
3.1.2 Terms in circuit and operation
3.1.2.1 (circuit) valve
Circuit of the part which takes two main terminals of a valve as the boundary and has non-controllable or bistable controllable unilateral conduction characteristic.
3.1.2.2 (valve) arm
Circuit of the part which takes any two main terminals (a.c. or d.c. terminals) as the boundary and is composed of one or several connected simultaneously-conductive valves and components (if any).
3.1.2.3 Principal arm
A (valve) arm involved in the major transfer of power from one side of the convertor or electronic switch to the other.
3.1.2.4 Convertor arm
Principal arm in the connection of electronic convertor.
3.1.2.5 Controllable arm
An arm which takes the controllable semiconductor device as the valve device.
3.1.2.6 Non-controllable arm
An arm which takes the non-controllable semiconductor device as the valve device.
3.1.2.7 Auxiliary arm
Any other arm beyond the principal arm.
3.1.2.8 By-pass arm
An auxiliary arm which provides current with conduction access during the period that the principal arm is free from conduction and its power supply and load have no electric energy exchange.
3.1.2.9 Free-wheeling arm
A by-pass arm only including non-controllable valve.
3.1.2.10 Turn-off arm
An auxiliary arm transitionally receiving current from the conduction arm directly.
3.1.2.11 Regenerative arm
An auxiliary arm transmitting a part of power to the supply side from the load side.
3.1.2.12 Convertor connection
Electrical connection method between the arm and other component playing an important role in main circuit of the convertor.
3.1.2.13 Basic convertor connection
Electrical connection method of the principal arm in the convertor.
3.1.2.14 Single-way connection
A method of convertor connection, and the current of each phase terminal of the a. c. circuit is unidirectional.
3.1.2.15 Double-way connection
A method of convertor connection, and the current of each phase terminal of the a. c. circuit is bidirectional.
3.1.2.16 Uniform connection
A connection which all principal arms are same and controllable or uncontrollable.
3.1.2.17 Non-uniform connection
A connection which the principal arm is both controllable and uncontrollable.
3.1.2.18 Series connection
A method of electrical connection, composed of two or more convertor connections, with mutual superposed direct voltages.
Note: Series connection composed of commutation groups with non-simultaneous commutation may also be referred to as cascade stage connection.
3.1.2.19 Quadrants of operation (on d. c side)
Each quadrant of the voltage current plane is defined by the d.c. voltage polarity and the current direction.
3.1.2.20 Commutation
Transfer of current from one conducting arm to the next to conduct in sequence, without interruption of the d.c. current. During a finite interval of time both arms are conducting simultaneously (see Figure 1).
3.1.2.21 Direct commutaion
A method of self commutation without any auxiliary arm transition between two principal arms.
3.1.2.22 Indirect commutation
A series of commutation process to realize one principal arm to another or back to the former arm in virtue of the continuous commutation of one or more auxiliary arms.
3.1.2.23 External commutation
A method of commutation in which the power supply beyond convertor or electronic switch provides commutating voltage.
3.1.2.24 Line commutaion
A method of external commutation in which the line provides commutating voltage.
3.1.2.25 Load commutation
A method of external commutation in which the load instead of line provides commutating voltage.
3.1.2.26 Resonant load commutation
A method of load commutation in which the commutating voltage is supplied from the load, taking advantage of its resonant property.
3.1.2.27 Self commutation
A method of commutation in which the internal component of convertor or electronic switch provides commutating voltage.
3.1.2.28 Directly coupled capacitor commutation
A method of self commutation in which the commutating voltage is supplied by capacitors included in the commutation circuit.
A method of capacitor commutation in which the capacitor circuit is inductively coupled to the commutation circuit.
3.1.2.30 Device commutation
A method of self commutation in which the commutating voltage is produced by the valve device itself.
3.1.2.31 Commutation circuit
Circuit composed of two commutation arms and commutating voltage sources.
1 Subject Content and Application Scope 1.1 Subject Content 1.2 Application Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Symbols 3.1 Terms 3.2 Symbols and Subscripts 4 Product Type and Basic Parameters 4.1 Type of Semiconductor Power Equipment 4.2 Basic Parameters 4.3 Model 5 Technical Requirements 5.1 Environmental Conditions for Normal Service 5.2 Electrical Service Conditions 5.3 Load Conditions 5.4 Unusual Service Conditions 5.5 Electrical Connection and Calculation Factors 5.6 Rated Values for Convertors 5.7 Technical Performance 6 Inspection and Test 6.1 General 6.2 Inspection Rules 6.3 Test Items 6.4 Test Schedule 7 Tolerance 8 Marking, Packing, Transport and Storage 8.1 Marking 8.2 Packing 8.3 Transport 8.4 Storage
1 Subject Content and Application Scope
1.1 Subject Content
This standard specifies the relevant definitions, types, parameters, basic performance and test requirements of semiconductor power convertors.
1.2 Application Scope
This standard is applicable to electronic power convertors and electronic power switches consisting of electronic valves. As for operating mode, it is mainly applicable to rectifiers and inverters based on line commutaion or convertors with such two operations.
The said electronic valves mainly cover circuit valves consisting of power semiconductor devices (such as diodes, various thyristors and power transistors, etc.). These devices may generally be controlled by electrical or optical signals and work in on-off state.
This standard may also be used as a standard of other electronic power convertors (for example self commutation line-commutated convertors, d.c.-a.c. convertors, convertors for motor transmission, convertors for electric railway, etc.) if no contradiction. Under general situation, respective classification product standard shall also be established based on this standard for such convertors.
2 Normative References
GB/T 2900.32 "Electrotechnical Terminology-Power Semiconductor Device"
GB/T 2900.32 "Electrotechnical Terminology-Power Electronic Technology"
GB/T 3886 "Thyristor Power Converter for DC Motor Speed Regulation"
GB/T 3859.2 "Semiconductor Convertors-Application Guide"
GB/T 3589.3 "Semiconductor Convertors-Transformers and Reactors"
JB 4276 "Technical Specifications for Power Convertor Packing"
GB/T 13384 "General Specifications for Packing of Mechanical and Electrical Products"
GB 10236 "Guide for Evaluation of Interference Effects and Com-patibility Technology between Semiconductor Convertors and Power Supply System"
GB/T 2423 "Basic Environmental Testing Procedures for Electric and Electronic Products"
GB/T 3768 "Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources-Survey Method"
GB 2536 "Transformer Oils"
JB 1505 "Preparation Method for Model of Semiconductor Power Convertor"
3 Terms and Symbols
3.1 Terms
Terms and definitions given here are only used in this standard or are main ones. Other terms and definitions with respect to power and electronic technology may refer to GB 2900.32, GB 2900.33 and GB/T 3859.2.
3.1.1 General terms
3.1.1.1 Semiconductor device
Device whose essential characteristics are due to the flow of charge carriers within a semiconductor.
3.1.1.2 Power semiconductor diode
Two-terminal semiconductor device having an asymmetrical voltage/current characteristic, designed for use in power convertor connections.
3.1.1.3 Thyristor
Bi-stable semiconductor device comprising three or more functions which can be switched from the off-state to the on-state.
Note: The term "thyristor" is used as a generic term to cover the whole range of PNPN type devices. It may be used by itself for any member of the thyristor family when such use does not result in ambiguity or misunderstanding. In particular, the term ''thyristor" is widely used for reverse blocking triode thyristor.
3.1.1.4 Reverse blocking triode thyristor
Three-terminal thyristor which does not turn on for negative anode voltage but exhibits a reverse blocking gate.
3.1.1.5 Reverse conducting triode thyristor
Three-terminal thyristor which does not block for negative anode voltage but conducts large reverse currents at voltages comparable in magnitude to the forward on-state voltages.
3.1.1.6 Bidirectional triode thyristor
Three-terminal thyristor having substantially the same switching behaviour in the first and third quadrants of the principal characteristic.
3.1.1.7 Turn-off thyristor (GTO=Gate Turn Off)
Thyristor which can be switched from the on-state to the off-state and vice versa by applying control signals of appropriate polarity to the gate terminal.
3.1.1.8 Power transistor
Junction transistor for controlling power.
3.1.1.9 (valve device) stack
Single structure comprising one or more valve devices and relevant fixtures.
3.1.1.10 (valve device) assembly
Assembly in electrical and mechanical combination with valve devices or stacks, including electrical connection and accessories in the mechanical structure.
3.1.1.11 Convretor assembly
Assembly for electronic power conversion in electrical and mechanical combination with valve devices or stacks, including electrical connection and accessories in the mechanical structure.
3.1.1.12 Convertor equipment
Equipment composed of one or more convretor assemblies together with convertor transformer, wave filter (if necessary), switchgear and other auxiliary device (if any), mainly used for variable current operation. For example, equipment used for rectification, inversion, frequency conversion and chopping.
Note: Similar term is also applicable to specific convertor equipment, for example rectifying equipment and inversion equipment.
3.1.1.13 (electronic) (power) convertor
General term of convertor equipment and convretor assembly. The majority of it refers to convertor equipment customarily.
Note: Convertor equipment shall be required if convertor equipment and convretor assembly need to be defined and distinguished in order to avoid confusion.
3.1.1.14 One quadrant convertor
Convertor connected to the d.c. system, with only one possible voltage polarity and current direction.
3.1.1.15 Two quadrant (single) convertor
Convertor conencted to the d.c. system, with two possible power flow directions, and its d.c. electrical quantity direction may only be changed by voltage or current.
Note: Single line-commutated convertor with possible voltage direction variation only as for external commutation convertor.
3.1.1.16 Four quadrant (double) convertor
Convertor conencted to the d.c. system, with two possible power flow directions, and both direct voltage direction and direct current direction may be changed.
3.1.1.17 Reversible convertor
Convertor with reversible power flow direction.
3.1.7.18 Single convertor
Reversible convertor connected to the d.c. system, with direct current flowing along one direction only.
3.1.1.19 Double convertor
Reversible convertor connected to the d.c. system and composed of two convertor groups, with each group passing through one direction of current.
3.1.1.20 Convertor section (of double convertor)
A part of double convertor; in view of direct current end, the direct current of this part always flows along the same direction.
3.1.1.21 Trigger equipment
Equipment which provides suitable trigger pulses from a control signal for controllable valve devices, including timing or phase shifting circuits, pulse generating circuits and usually power supply circuits.
3.1.1.22 System control assembly
Assembly associated with power and electronic equipment which performs automatic adjustment of output characteristics (for example, the function of motor speed or tractive force).
3.1.2 Terms in circuit and operation
3.1.2.1 (circuit) valve
Circuit of the part which takes two main terminals of a valve as the boundary and has non-controllable or bistable controllable unilateral conduction characteristic.
3.1.2.2 (valve) arm
Circuit of the part which takes any two main terminals (a.c. or d.c. terminals) as the boundary and is composed of one or several connected simultaneously-conductive valves and components (if any).
3.1.2.3 Principal arm
A (valve) arm involved in the major transfer of power from one side of the convertor or electronic switch to the other.
3.1.2.4 Convertor arm
Principal arm in the connection of electronic convertor.
3.1.2.5 Controllable arm
An arm which takes the controllable semiconductor device as the valve device.
3.1.2.6 Non-controllable arm
An arm which takes the non-controllable semiconductor device as the valve device.
3.1.2.7 Auxiliary arm
Any other arm beyond the principal arm.
3.1.2.8 By-pass arm
An auxiliary arm which provides current with conduction access during the period that the principal arm is free from conduction and its power supply and load have no electric energy exchange.
3.1.2.9 Free-wheeling arm
A by-pass arm only including non-controllable valve.
3.1.2.10 Turn-off arm
An auxiliary arm transitionally receiving current from the conduction arm directly.
3.1.2.11 Regenerative arm
An auxiliary arm transmitting a part of power to the supply side from the load side.
3.1.2.12 Convertor connection
Electrical connection method between the arm and other component playing an important role in main circuit of the convertor.
3.1.2.13 Basic convertor connection
Electrical connection method of the principal arm in the convertor.
3.1.2.14 Single-way connection
A method of convertor connection, and the current of each phase terminal of the a. c. circuit is unidirectional.
3.1.2.15 Double-way connection
A method of convertor connection, and the current of each phase terminal of the a. c. circuit is bidirectional.
3.1.2.16 Uniform connection
A connection which all principal arms are same and controllable or uncontrollable.
3.1.2.17 Non-uniform connection
A connection which the principal arm is both controllable and uncontrollable.
3.1.2.18 Series connection
A method of electrical connection, composed of two or more convertor connections, with mutual superposed direct voltages.
Note: Series connection composed of commutation groups with non-simultaneous commutation may also be referred to as cascade stage connection.
3.1.2.19 Quadrants of operation (on d. c side)
Each quadrant of the voltage current plane is defined by the d.c. voltage polarity and the current direction.
3.1.2.20 Commutation
Transfer of current from one conducting arm to the next to conduct in sequence, without interruption of the d.c. current. During a finite interval of time both arms are conducting simultaneously (see Figure 1).
3.1.2.21 Direct commutaion
A method of self commutation without any auxiliary arm transition between two principal arms.
3.1.2.22 Indirect commutation
A series of commutation process to realize one principal arm to another or back to the former arm in virtue of the continuous commutation of one or more auxiliary arms.
3.1.2.23 External commutation
A method of commutation in which the power supply beyond convertor or electronic switch provides commutating voltage.
3.1.2.24 Line commutaion
A method of external commutation in which the line provides commutating voltage.
3.1.2.25 Load commutation
A method of external commutation in which the load instead of line provides commutating voltage.
3.1.2.26 Resonant load commutation
A method of load commutation in which the commutating voltage is supplied from the load, taking advantage of its resonant property.
3.1.2.27 Self commutation
A method of commutation in which the internal component of convertor or electronic switch provides commutating voltage.
3.1.2.28 Directly coupled capacitor commutation
A method of self commutation in which the commutating voltage is supplied by capacitors included in the commutation circuit.
3.1.2.29 Inductively coupled capacitor commutation
A method of capacitor commutation in which the capacitor circuit is inductively coupled to the commutation circuit.
3.1.2.30 Device commutation
A method of self commutation in which the commutating voltage is produced by the valve device itself.
3.1.2.31 Commutation circuit
Circuit composed of two commutation arms and commutating voltage sources.
Contents of GB/T 3859.1-1993
1 Subject Content and Application Scope
1.1 Subject Content
1.2 Application Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Symbols
3.1 Terms
3.2 Symbols and Subscripts
4 Product Type and Basic Parameters
4.1 Type of Semiconductor Power Equipment
4.2 Basic Parameters
4.3 Model
5 Technical Requirements
5.1 Environmental Conditions for Normal Service
5.2 Electrical Service Conditions
5.3 Load Conditions
5.4 Unusual Service Conditions
5.5 Electrical Connection and Calculation Factors
5.6 Rated Values for Convertors
5.7 Technical Performance
6 Inspection and Test
6.1 General
6.2 Inspection Rules
6.3 Test Items
6.4 Test Schedule
7 Tolerance
8 Marking, Packing, Transport and Storage
8.1 Marking
8.2 Packing
8.3 Transport
8.4 Storage
