Standard No.:	GB 13094-2025
English Name:	Safety requirements for bus construction
Chinese Name:	客车结构安全要求
Professional Classification:	GB    National Standard
Source Content Issued by:	SAMR, SAC
Issued on:	2025-12-31
Implemented on:	2027-7-1
Status:	valid
Superseding:	GB 13094-2017 Safety requirements for bus construction GB 13094-2017/XG1-2023 The safety requirements for bus construction , includes Amendment 1
Target Language:	English
File Format:	PDF
Word Count:	30000 words
Translation Price(USD):	900.0
Delivery:	via email in 1 business day

GB 13094-2025 Safety requirements for bus construction 1 Scope This document specifies the safety requirements, same type judgment and standard implementation for bus construction. This document is applicable to Category M2 and M3 buses, and serves as a reference for special buses. This document is not applicable to buses that are not intended for road use. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 2408-2021 Plastics - Determination of burning characteristics - Horizontal and vertical test GB/T 3730.1 Terms and definitions of motor vehicles, trailers and combination vehicle - Part 1: Types GB/T 3730.2 Road vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and codes GB/T 4780 Terms for motor vehicle body GB/T 10000 Human dimensions of Chinese adults GB/T 12428 Laden mass calculating method for bus GB 14166 Safety-belts and restraint systems for occupants of power-driven vehicles GB 14167 Safety-belt anchorages and restraint systems anchorages for occupants of power-driven vehicles GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers GB 18384 Electric vehicles safety requirements GB 30678 Safety signs and information symbols for the use of bus GB 34655 Specifications for extinguishing equipment arrangement in bus GB 38032 Electric buses safety requirements GB 38262 Flammability of interior materials for buses 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 3730.2, GB/T 4780, GB/T 15089 and the following apply. 3.1 trolley bus bus powered by electricity from overhead catenary wires Note: Including dual-source trolley buses with an additional on-board energy storage device. [Source: GB/T 3730.1-2022, 5.10, modified] 3.2 gangway space where passengers move from a particular (row of) seats or wheelchair area to other (rows of) seats, wheelchair areas, service door access passage, intercommunication staircase or passenger standing area Note: Excluding a) the space within 300 mm in front of forward-facing/rearward-facing seats; b) the space within 225 mm in front of side-facing seats; c) the space above steps or staircase (excluding steps connected to the floor surface of gangway or access passage); d) the walking space intended solely for access to a particular (row of) seats or between facing transverse rows of seats. 3.3 access passage space extending from service door into the vehicle up to the outer edge of the top step (edge of the gangway), connecting to intercommunication staircases or half staircase Note: When there is no step at the door, the access passage is the space extending 300 mm inward from the service door. Access passage includes service door access passage and emergency door access passage. An emergency door access passage is the space between the gangway and the emergency door. 3.4 driver’s compartment space exclusively for the driver's use, except in case of an emergency Note: This space includes the area occupied by the driver's seat, steering wheel, controls, instruments, and other devices necessary for driving or operating the vehicle. 3.5 member of the crew co-drivers and other auxiliary personnel Note: Such as conductors, tour guides, etc. 3.6 separate compartment specific interior space used by passengers or member of the crew while the vehicle is moving Note: This space is separated from adjacent passenger areas but connected by doors or gangways. 3.7 exit opening on the vehicle that allows passengers to move from one compartment to the outside or to another compartment Note: Including service doors, intercommunication staircase, half staircase and emergency exits. 3.8 double door door that provides two or the equivalent of two access passages 3.9 intercommunication staircase staircase providing passage between the upper and lower decks of a double-decker bus 3.10 half staircase staircase leading from the upper deck floor of a double-decker bus to an emergency door 3.11 emergency exit exit intended for passenger evacuation to the outside of the vehicle in case of an emergency 3.11.1 emergency door door that serves as a passenger exit only in case of an emergency 3.11.2 emergency window window that serves as a passenger exit only in case of an emergency 3.11.3 escape hatch roof or floor hatch that serves as an emergency exit only in case of an emergency Note: Including safety roof windows and floor exits. 3.12 power-operated service door service door powered by a source other than human force 3.12.1 automatically operated service door power-operated service door whose opening is controlled by passenger after the driver activates the control device (not the emergency control) and automatically closes 3.13 driver operated service door passenger door opened or closed by the driver in normal cases 3.14 starting prevention device device that prevents the vehicle from being moved from a stationary state when the door is not fully closed 3.15 passenger with reduced mobility individuals who have difficulty in walking, boarding or alighting due to disabilities, illnesses, frailty from old age, pregnancy, carrying infants, etc. 3.16 wheelchair user persons who use wheelchairs due to disabilities or frailty 3.17 priority seat seat designated for passengers with reduced mobility, marked with appropriate sign 3.18 kneeling system system capable of raising and lowering the vehicle body and restoring it to its normal operating height 3.19 boarding device device designed to facilitate the boarding and alighting of wheelchair users Note: Such as lift and ramp. 3.19.1 lift device or system with a liftable platform that allows passengers and wheelchairs to move between the ground (or curb/kerb) and passenger’s compartment floor 3.19.2 ramp device that bridges the gap between passenger’s compartment floor and the ground (or curb/kerb), facilitating the boarding and alighting of wheelchairs 3.19.3 portable ramp ramp that can be removed from the vehicle and positioned for use by the driver or crew 3.20 mass of the vehicle in running order mass of the bus in running order without passengers or luggage on board Note: Including the curb mass of the complete vehicle, the mass of the driver and of the member of the crew (if crew seats are provided). 3.21 emergency lighting system system that provides illumination for occupants to leave the vehicle in case of an emergency 4 Requirements 4.1 General 4.1.1 If a bus simultaneously falls into two or more categories among Class A, Class B, Class I, Class II, and Class III, it shall comply with the respective clauses specified in this document for each category to which it belongs. 4.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the measurements in this document shall be taken with the bus stationary on a horizontal plane at its mass in running order (with members of the crew seated or with equivalent ballast). The adjustable backrest angles of passenger and driver seats, as well as other seat adjustments, shall be set to the design reference positions specified by the manufacturer. If a body leveling system is installed, it shall be set to the height specified by the bus manufacturer. 4.1.3 According to the clauses in this document requiring that certain interior surfaces of the vehicle be horizontal or at a specified angle when the vehicle is at its mass in running order, for buses with mechanical suspension, these surfaces may be inclined or exceed the specified angle at the mass in running order, provided that the requirement is met under the loading conditions declared by the bus manufacturer. If a body leveling system is installed, it shall be at the state specified by the bus manufacturer. 4.1.4 Buses equipped with facilities for the convenience of passengers with reduced mobility shall comply with the relevant provisions of Annex A. If a bus is only equipped with priority seats and a guide dog space, it needs to comply with the relevant provisions of A.2 to A.6 only. 4.2 Axle load and passenger use area 4.2.1 Axle load distribution When the bus is at its mass in running order and at its maximum design total mass, the percentage of the load on the front axle relative to the total vehicle mass under the corresponding load condition shall be greater than or equal to the values specified in Table 1. Table 1 Percentage of front axle load to total vehicle mass Classes I and A Classes II, III and B 20% 25%a a it is 20% for articulated buses and Class II and Class III three-axle buses with dual steering axles. 4.2.2 Passenger use area The effective area of passenger’s compartment shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 12428. For Class I, Class II, and Class A buses, the number of passenger seats provided on each deck shall be at least equal to the nearest integer obtained by rounding down the effective area (in square meters) of passenger’s compartment on that deck. For Class I buses (excluding the upper deck of double-decker buses), the number of passenger seats shall not be less than 90% of this integer.

Contents Foreword Ⅲ 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Requirements 4.1 General 4.2 Axle load and passenger use area 4.3 Sideways stability 4.4 Fire control measures 4.5 Exit 4.6 Interior layout 4.7 Lighting 4.8 Articulated section of articulated buses 4.9 Directional stability of articulated buses 4.10 Handrails and handles for passengers 4.11 Protection of open areas such as step areas 4.12 Occupant protection 4.13 Movable cover plate 4.14 Visual entertainment devices 4.15 Marking of luggage mass 4.16 Interior ventilation 4.17 Trolley bus 5 Same type judgment 6 Standard implementation Annex A (Normative) Additional technical requirements for buses equipped with facilities for the convenience of passengers with reduced mobility A.1 Steps A.2 Priority seats and spaces A.3 Communication devices A.4 Handrails leading to priority seats A.5 Guide dog spaces A.6 Floor slopes A.7 Wheelchair adaptability A.8 Seats and standing passengers within wheelchair spaces A.9 Restraint systems for wheelchairs and their users A.10 Door controls A.11 Requirements for boarding assistance devices Annex B (Normative) Measurement of closing forces for power-operated service door and reaction forces for power-operated ramps B.1 General B.2 Relationship between closing force/reaction force and time B.3 Measurement methods B.4 Measurement equipment Annex C (Normative) Additional technical requirements for trolley buses C.1 General C.2 Current collectors C.3 Traction and auxiliary equipment C.4 Electrical safety for passengers and member of the crew C.5 Driver's compartment Bibliography