GB 1523-2013 GB 1523-2013 Sheep Wool
绵羊毛
1 Scope
This standard specifies the model, specification (grade), technical requirements, inspection methods, inspection rules, and packaging, marking, storage and transportation of sheep wool.
This standard is applicable to quality determination of sheep wool (including superfine sheep wool, fine sheep wool, medium fine sheep wool, improved sheep wool and native sheep wool) during production, transaction, processing, quality supervision and import and export inspection.
2Normative References
The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 6976 Test Method for Measure Length of the Wool Staple Natural Formation
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values & Expression and Judgement of Limiting Values
GB/T 10685 Wool - Determination of Fiber Diameter - Projection Microscope Method
GB/T 14270 Test Method for Fiber Type Content of Hair Fibers
GB/T 21030 Test Method for the Mean and Distribution of Fibre Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibre - Optical Fibre Diameter Analyser (OFDA)
GB/T 27629 Determination of Breaking Tenacity of Animal Fibre Bundles
IWTO-12 Measurement of the Mean and Distribution of Fibre Diameter Using the Sirolan-Laserscan Fibre Diameter Analyser
3Terminologies and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terminologies and definitions apply.
3.1
Sheep wool
Wool fibre growing on sheep body, which is referred to as wool.
3.2
Superfine wool
Homogeneous fleece with mean fibre diameter of 19.0 μm or above.
3.3
Fine wool
Homogeneous fleece with mean fibre diameter of 19.1 μm~25.0 μm.
3.4
Medium fine wool
Homogeneous fleece with mean fibre diameter of 25.1 μm~55.0 μm.
3.5
Improved wool
Wool fibre growing on the crossbred sheep in the process of improvement but having not yet reached homogeneous level.
3.6
Native wool
Wool fibre growing on the sheep which has not yet been improved and has the characteristics of primitive breeds.
3.7
Fleece wool
Wool obtained from live sheep, interconnecting between staples and in tight net form.
3.8
Greasy wool
Wool without treatment of washing, solvent degreasing, carbonization, etc.
3.9
Quality number
Corresponding fineness characteristic index of wool specified by the mean fibre diameter (μm) (see Appendix A).
3.10
Coarse wool hair
Coarse wool refers to the wool fibre in diameter of 52.5 μm or above. Cavity hair refers to the wool fibre of medullary cavity, of which the length is 25mm or above in the projected image by 500× microscope.
3.11
Kemp hair
Coarse wool in oblate cross section and U shape and with developed medulla and very thin or no cortical layer, of which the fibres are dry, white, vulnerable and easily broken, and hard to be dyed.
3.12
Homogeneous fleece
Wool composed of the wool fibres of the same type.
3.13
Partial homogeneous fleece
Among the staples on a fleece wool, most of them are in homogeneous fleece pattern and small part of them are in heterogeneous fleece pattern.
3.14
Heterogeneous fleece
Wool composed of the wool fibres of the different types.
3.15
Heterotypical hair
Wool containing two kinds of fibre forms, i.e., medullated wool and non-medullated wool, on one stick of wool fibre.
3.16
Skirting wool
Wool cut off from the edge of fleece wool and obviously different from the main body fleece.
3.17
Head leg and tail wool
Wool cut from the head, leg and tail part of sheep.
3.18
Non-wool fibre
Other fibres blended in wool fibre.
3.19
Second cuts
Wefty wool repeatedly cut off during wool clipping.
3.20
Faulty wool, defective wool
Defective wool, including: stamped wool, canary stained wool, dung stained wool, burry wool, heavy cotted wool, coloured wool, dermatitis and acariasis wool, and tender wool.
3.20.1
Stamped wool
Stained wool for the purpose of marking on sheep body, e.g., dyed wool, tar-stained wool, painted wool, used oil-stained wool, and other colour-stained wool.
3.20.2
Canary stained wool
Wool being stained to become yellow and with thestained part exceeding more than 50% of the staple length.
3.20.3
Dung stained wool; dag wool
Wool being seriouslystained by dung.
3.20.4
Burry wool
Wool containing such area concentrated with vegetable grass.
3.20.5
Heavy cotted wool
Wool containing such wool fibres which are in cotted form, will not be in single fibres and have severe reduction of strength if being torn.
3.20.6
Coloured wool
Heterochromous wool contained in wool fibres.
3.20.7
Dermatitis and acariasis wool
Wool obtained from the sheep having dermatitis and acariasis, with scab or scurf.
3.20.8
Tender wool
Wool containing such a part of fibres with obvious small diameter and strength due to such factors as malnutrition or disease during the growth of sheep.
3.21
Yield
Percentage of the conventional mass of cleaned wool to the mass of greasy wool.
3.22
Clean wool content
Percentage of the corrected value of absolute dry mass of wool after being cleaned and cleared of impurities, per conventional moisture regain and conventional grease content, to the mass of greasy wool.
3.23
Lot sample
Wool sample that taken from bulk goods or batched goods for trading.
3.24
Subsample
Sample being randomly taken from the lot sample to represent the lot sample.
3.25
Wool base
Percentage of the absolute dry mass of wool free from any impurities to the mass of subsample.
3.26
Vegetable matter base
Percentage of the absolute dry mass of wool free from such vegetable matters as ash and burr of ethanol extractives to the mass of subsample.
3.27
Test specimen
Sample for test, which randomly taken from the dry and cleaned subsample.
3.28
Total alkali-insoluble matter
All the alkali-insoluble matters free from ash and ethanol extractives, which are expressed in the percentage to the absolute dry mass of test specimen.
3.29
Ethanol extractives
Wool grease and other matters soluble via extraction with ethanol as solvent, which is expressed in the percentage to the absolute dry mass of test specimen.
3.30
Ash
Residue of test specimen after being heated, burnt and incinerated at 750℃±50℃, which is expressed in the percentage to the absolute dry mass of test specimen.
3.31
Fibre diameter
Degree of fineness of wool fibre, which is expressed in the diameter of wool fibre (μm).
3.32
Mean fibre diameter
Mean of wool fibre diameter.
3.33
CV of mean fibre diameter
Variation degree of the diameter of wool fibre.
3.34
Staple length
Linear distance between the mean value point at top end and the root end of a bundle of wool fibres at natural crimp condition.
3.35
Mean staple length
Arithmetic mean value of the staple length of wool fibres at natural crimp condition.
3.36
CV of mean staple length
Variation degree of the mean staple length of wool fibres at natural crimp condition.
4Technical Requirements
.....
5Inspection Methods
5.1Sampling
5.1.1Sampling methods
5.1.1.1Extraction of quality samples
Quality samples shall be taken by unpacking way. The samples sufficient to represent the quality of this batch of wool shall be randomly taken from both ends and the middle of wool bale respectively.
5.1.1.2Extraction of lot samples
The wool bales for inspection shall be weighed one by one and undergo core drilling. The core drilling direction shall be parallel to the packing direction of wool bale or perpendicular to the piling direction of fleece wool, the drilling depth shall be larger than 50% of the length of wool bale, and the distance between the drilling hole and the edge of wool bale shall be larger than 75mm. All the drilled core samples shall be weighed within 8h, with the mass value accurate to 0.1g. The drilled core samples shall be cleared off all the packaging materials and shall be placed in sealed container. The weighed mass value of lot sample shall be recorded as W.
5.1.1.3Extraction of subsamples
After being weighed, the lot sample shall be mixed mechanically or manually. After being adequately and uniformly mixed, the sample shall be divided. Lot sample shall be spread on workbench, with a thickness of 30mm~60mm, and then shall be divided into 16 equal parts by dichotomy and quartation, etc., and totally 200g sample shall be randomly taken from these parts to obtain 5 subsamples totally. Multi-point sampling method may also be adopted, i.e., uniformly finding 20 points on the spread sample and taking samples from these points, then turning over the sample with reverse side facing upwards, uniformly finding 20 points and taking sample until the sample mass is 200g, and obtaining 5 subsamples. The rest part shall be preserved as backup sample.
The subsamples and the residual sample shall be weighed, with the mass value accurate to 0.1g. The sum of the mass of 5 subsamples and that of residual sample is Wb. W/Wb is the mass correction factor of subsamples.
5.1.2Sampling quantity
5.1.2.1 Quality sample
One bale shall be taken from every 20 bales, from which 1kg sample shall be taken. If the bale quantity is less than 20, they still shall be regarded as 20 bales. For those with quantity larger than 100, the quantity of sampled bales shall be increased by 1 bale per 30 or below bales of the increase of total bale quantity. The total mass of each lot of sample shall be at least 15kg. The wool quality samples taken shall be weighed and the mass value shall be recorded as Wp.
5.1.2.2Lot sample
The total mass of lot sample taken by core drilling shall be at least 1,200g.
5.1.2.3Subsample
The mass of subsamples taken shall be 200g.
5.2Inspection
5.2.1 Fibre diameter
The fibre diameter may be subjectively judged in the link of acquisition, while it shall be subject to the objective inspection result in case of any dispute.
5.2.2Natural length of staple
The inspection shall be carried out according to GB/T 6976.
5.2.3 Staple strength
The inspection shall be carried out according to GB/T 27629.
5.2.4Coarse wool hair or kemp hair content
The inspection shall be carried out according to GB/T 14270.
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terminologies and Definitions
4 Technical Requirements
5 Inspection Methods
6 Inspection Rules
7 Inspection Certificate
8 Packaging, Marking, Storage and Transportation
Appendix A (Informative) Corresponding Values of Wool Diameter and Quality Number
Appendix B (Informative) Determination of the Influence of Flotage and Convection Effect
Appendix C (Informative) Calibration of Pneumatic Tester
GB 1523-2013 GB 1523-2013 Sheep Wool
绵羊毛
1 Scope
This standard specifies the model, specification (grade), technical requirements, inspection methods, inspection rules, and packaging, marking, storage and transportation of sheep wool.
This standard is applicable to quality determination of sheep wool (including superfine sheep wool, fine sheep wool, medium fine sheep wool, improved sheep wool and native sheep wool) during production, transaction, processing, quality supervision and import and export inspection.
2Normative References
The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 6976 Test Method for Measure Length of the Wool Staple Natural Formation
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values & Expression and Judgement of Limiting Values
GB/T 10685 Wool - Determination of Fiber Diameter - Projection Microscope Method
GB/T 14270 Test Method for Fiber Type Content of Hair Fibers
GB/T 21030 Test Method for the Mean and Distribution of Fibre Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibre - Optical Fibre Diameter Analyser (OFDA)
GB/T 27629 Determination of Breaking Tenacity of Animal Fibre Bundles
IWTO-12 Measurement of the Mean and Distribution of Fibre Diameter Using the Sirolan-Laserscan Fibre Diameter Analyser
3Terminologies and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terminologies and definitions apply.
3.1
Sheep wool
Wool fibre growing on sheep body, which is referred to as wool.
3.2
Superfine wool
Homogeneous fleece with mean fibre diameter of 19.0 μm or above.
3.3
Fine wool
Homogeneous fleece with mean fibre diameter of 19.1 μm~25.0 μm.
3.4
Medium fine wool
Homogeneous fleece with mean fibre diameter of 25.1 μm~55.0 μm.
3.5
Improved wool
Wool fibre growing on the crossbred sheep in the process of improvement but having not yet reached homogeneous level.
3.6
Native wool
Wool fibre growing on the sheep which has not yet been improved and has the characteristics of primitive breeds.
3.7
Fleece wool
Wool obtained from live sheep, interconnecting between staples and in tight net form.
3.8
Greasy wool
Wool without treatment of washing, solvent degreasing, carbonization, etc.
3.9
Quality number
Corresponding fineness characteristic index of wool specified by the mean fibre diameter (μm) (see Appendix A).
3.10
Coarse wool hair
Coarse wool refers to the wool fibre in diameter of 52.5 μm or above. Cavity hair refers to the wool fibre of medullary cavity, of which the length is 25mm or above in the projected image by 500× microscope.
3.11
Kemp hair
Coarse wool in oblate cross section and U shape and with developed medulla and very thin or no cortical layer, of which the fibres are dry, white, vulnerable and easily broken, and hard to be dyed.
3.12
Homogeneous fleece
Wool composed of the wool fibres of the same type.
3.13
Partial homogeneous fleece
Among the staples on a fleece wool, most of them are in homogeneous fleece pattern and small part of them are in heterogeneous fleece pattern.
3.14
Heterogeneous fleece
Wool composed of the wool fibres of the different types.
3.15
Heterotypical hair
Wool containing two kinds of fibre forms, i.e., medullated wool and non-medullated wool, on one stick of wool fibre.
3.16
Skirting wool
Wool cut off from the edge of fleece wool and obviously different from the main body fleece.
3.17
Head leg and tail wool
Wool cut from the head, leg and tail part of sheep.
3.18
Non-wool fibre
Other fibres blended in wool fibre.
3.19
Second cuts
Wefty wool repeatedly cut off during wool clipping.
3.20
Faulty wool, defective wool
Defective wool, including: stamped wool, canary stained wool, dung stained wool, burry wool, heavy cotted wool, coloured wool, dermatitis and acariasis wool, and tender wool.
3.20.1
Stamped wool
Stained wool for the purpose of marking on sheep body, e.g., dyed wool, tar-stained wool, painted wool, used oil-stained wool, and other colour-stained wool.
3.20.2
Canary stained wool
Wool being stained to become yellow and with thestained part exceeding more than 50% of the staple length.
3.20.3
Dung stained wool; dag wool
Wool being seriouslystained by dung.
3.20.4
Burry wool
Wool containing such area concentrated with vegetable grass.
3.20.5
Heavy cotted wool
Wool containing such wool fibres which are in cotted form, will not be in single fibres and have severe reduction of strength if being torn.
3.20.6
Coloured wool
Heterochromous wool contained in wool fibres.
3.20.7
Dermatitis and acariasis wool
Wool obtained from the sheep having dermatitis and acariasis, with scab or scurf.
3.20.8
Tender wool
Wool containing such a part of fibres with obvious small diameter and strength due to such factors as malnutrition or disease during the growth of sheep.
3.21
Yield
Percentage of the conventional mass of cleaned wool to the mass of greasy wool.
3.22
Clean wool content
Percentage of the corrected value of absolute dry mass of wool after being cleaned and cleared of impurities, per conventional moisture regain and conventional grease content, to the mass of greasy wool.
3.23
Lot sample
Wool sample that taken from bulk goods or batched goods for trading.
3.24
Subsample
Sample being randomly taken from the lot sample to represent the lot sample.
3.25
Wool base
Percentage of the absolute dry mass of wool free from any impurities to the mass of subsample.
3.26
Vegetable matter base
Percentage of the absolute dry mass of wool free from such vegetable matters as ash and burr of ethanol extractives to the mass of subsample.
3.27
Test specimen
Sample for test, which randomly taken from the dry and cleaned subsample.
3.28
Total alkali-insoluble matter
All the alkali-insoluble matters free from ash and ethanol extractives, which are expressed in the percentage to the absolute dry mass of test specimen.
3.29
Ethanol extractives
Wool grease and other matters soluble via extraction with ethanol as solvent, which is expressed in the percentage to the absolute dry mass of test specimen.
3.30
Ash
Residue of test specimen after being heated, burnt and incinerated at 750℃±50℃, which is expressed in the percentage to the absolute dry mass of test specimen.
3.31
Fibre diameter
Degree of fineness of wool fibre, which is expressed in the diameter of wool fibre (μm).
3.32
Mean fibre diameter
Mean of wool fibre diameter.
3.33
CV of mean fibre diameter
Variation degree of the diameter of wool fibre.
3.34
Staple length
Linear distance between the mean value point at top end and the root end of a bundle of wool fibres at natural crimp condition.
3.35
Mean staple length
Arithmetic mean value of the staple length of wool fibres at natural crimp condition.
3.36
CV of mean staple length
Variation degree of the mean staple length of wool fibres at natural crimp condition.
4Technical Requirements
.....
5Inspection Methods
5.1Sampling
5.1.1Sampling methods
5.1.1.1Extraction of quality samples
Quality samples shall be taken by unpacking way. The samples sufficient to represent the quality of this batch of wool shall be randomly taken from both ends and the middle of wool bale respectively.
5.1.1.2Extraction of lot samples
The wool bales for inspection shall be weighed one by one and undergo core drilling. The core drilling direction shall be parallel to the packing direction of wool bale or perpendicular to the piling direction of fleece wool, the drilling depth shall be larger than 50% of the length of wool bale, and the distance between the drilling hole and the edge of wool bale shall be larger than 75mm. All the drilled core samples shall be weighed within 8h, with the mass value accurate to 0.1g. The drilled core samples shall be cleared off all the packaging materials and shall be placed in sealed container. The weighed mass value of lot sample shall be recorded as W.
5.1.1.3Extraction of subsamples
After being weighed, the lot sample shall be mixed mechanically or manually. After being adequately and uniformly mixed, the sample shall be divided. Lot sample shall be spread on workbench, with a thickness of 30mm~60mm, and then shall be divided into 16 equal parts by dichotomy and quartation, etc., and totally 200g sample shall be randomly taken from these parts to obtain 5 subsamples totally. Multi-point sampling method may also be adopted, i.e., uniformly finding 20 points on the spread sample and taking samples from these points, then turning over the sample with reverse side facing upwards, uniformly finding 20 points and taking sample until the sample mass is 200g, and obtaining 5 subsamples. The rest part shall be preserved as backup sample.
The subsamples and the residual sample shall be weighed, with the mass value accurate to 0.1g. The sum of the mass of 5 subsamples and that of residual sample is Wb. W/Wb is the mass correction factor of subsamples.
5.1.2Sampling quantity
5.1.2.1 Quality sample
One bale shall be taken from every 20 bales, from which 1kg sample shall be taken. If the bale quantity is less than 20, they still shall be regarded as 20 bales. For those with quantity larger than 100, the quantity of sampled bales shall be increased by 1 bale per 30 or below bales of the increase of total bale quantity. The total mass of each lot of sample shall be at least 15kg. The wool quality samples taken shall be weighed and the mass value shall be recorded as Wp.
5.1.2.2Lot sample
The total mass of lot sample taken by core drilling shall be at least 1,200g.
5.1.2.3Subsample
The mass of subsamples taken shall be 200g.
5.2Inspection
5.2.1 Fibre diameter
The fibre diameter may be subjectively judged in the link of acquisition, while it shall be subject to the objective inspection result in case of any dispute.
5.2.2Natural length of staple
The inspection shall be carried out according to GB/T 6976.
5.2.3 Staple strength
The inspection shall be carried out according to GB/T 27629.
5.2.4Coarse wool hair or kemp hair content
The inspection shall be carried out according to GB/T 14270.
Contents of GB 1523-2013/XG1-2019
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terminologies and Definitions
4 Technical Requirements
5 Inspection Methods
6 Inspection Rules
7 Inspection Certificate
8 Packaging, Marking, Storage and Transportation
Appendix A (Informative) Corresponding Values of Wool Diameter and Quality Number
Appendix B (Informative) Determination of the Influence of Flotage and Convection Effect
Appendix C (Informative) Calibration of Pneumatic Tester
