GB 18100-2025 Provisions for the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for motorcycles and mopeds
1 Scope
This standard specifies the general requirements, special regulations, inspection rules and determination of the same type for the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for motorcycles and mopeds.
This document is applicable to two-wheeled mopeds (category L1), right three-wheeled mopeds (category L2), two-wheeled motorcycles (category L3), motorcycles with sidecars (category L4) and right three-wheeled motorcycles (category L5).
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 4599 Road illumination devices and systems for motor vehicles
GB 4785 Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers
GB/T 5359.1 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 1: Types of vehicles
GB 5920 Light-signalling devices and systems for motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 17510 Photometric characteristics of light-signalling devices for motorcycles
GB 19152 Motor vehicle headlamps emitting a symmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both
GB 20073 Performance and measurement method for braking of motorcycles and mopeds
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 4785 and GB/T 5359.1 and the following apply.
3.1
extreme outer edge
a plane parallel to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle and in contact with the outer edge of the vehicle
Note: The outer edge of the vehicle does not include the following protrusions: rearview mirrors, direction indicator lamps, front position lamp, rear position lamp and rear retro-reflector.
3.2
horizontal inclination
angle between the headlight beam of an empty vehicle and the headlight beam when the vehicle is inclined
Note: Schematic diagram is shown in Annex A.
3.3
horizontal inclination adjustment system (HIAS)
device that keeps the horizontal inclination of the vehicle's headlamps at zero
3.4
bank angle
angle between the longitudinal symmetry plane and the vertical plane of a vehicle when it is inclined
Note: Schematic diagram is shown in Annex A.
3.5
HIAS signal
any control signals input by HIAS or additional control signals, or control signals output by HIAS to the vehicle
Note: Abbreviated as "HIAS signal".
3.6
HIAS signal generator
device used for HIAS testing that can repeatedly emit one or more horizontal inclination signals
Note: Abbreviated as "HIAS signal generator".
3.7
HIAS test angle
angle between the low beam brightness cut-off line of the headlamp and the H-H line
Note: Abbreviated as "HIAS test angle". In Figure A.1, δ is used to represent the HIAS test angle.
3.8
exterior courtesy lamp
lamps that provide auxiliary lighting when vehicle drivers and passengers get on or off the vehicle or load or unload goods
3.9
adaptive driving-beam (ADB)
main beam that the light beam are adjusted according to the incoming vehicle or the vehicle in front to improve the visibility of the driver at a longer distance without discomfort, glare or distraction to other road users
3.10
illuminated logo
illuminated graphic marks, badges, text or a combination of these elements used to represent the brand or model logo of a vehicle manufacturer
4 General requirements
4.1 The installation of lighting and light-signalling devices shall ensure that under the normal use condition of the vehicle, even if they are subjected to vibration, they shall still meet the installation requirements of this document for each device.
4.2 The installation of lighting devices shall be convenient for the correct adjustment of their direction.
4.3 For all lighting and light-signaling devices mounted on the vehicle, the reference axis shall be parallel to the bearing plane of the vehicle on the road; Except for the side reflection reflectors, the reference axes of all lighting and light-signalling devices shall be parallel to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. The reference axis of the side reflection reflector shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. The tolerance in each direction is ±3°.
4.4 When inspecting the installation height and directions of the lamps, the test vehicle shall be unladen and placed on level ground, its longitudinal plane of symmetry shall be vertical, and the direction changing handle shall be at a forward straight ahead position, with the tyre inflation pressure meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer.
4.5 The installation of single or multiple lamps on a vehicle shall meet the following requirements.
a) For a single installed lamps (for category L4 vehicles, only the single lamp installed on the main vehicle is considered), its reference center shall be located on the longitudinal symmetrical plane of the vehicle, except in the following cases:
1) High beams installed in accordance with 5.1.3.1.1 or 5.1.3.1.2;
2) Low beam lamps installed in accordance with 5.2.3.1.1 or 5.2.3.1.2;
3) Front fog lamps installed in accordance with 5.3.3.1.1;
4) Daytime running lamps installed in accordance with 5.4.3.1.1 or 5.4.3.1.2;
5) front position lamps installed in accordance with 5.5.3.1.1 or 5.5.3.1.2.
b) On the main vehicles of categories L1, L2, L3, L5 and category L4 vehicles, the lamps installed in pairs shall meet the following requirements.
1) It is symmetrically installed on the vehicle relative to the longitudinal symmetrical plane of the vehicle.
2) The shape of lamp and light-transmitting surface shall be symmetrical relative to the longitudinal symmetrical plane of the vehicle. For lamps with illuminated logos, the illuminated logos themselves may not be symmetrical.
3) Meet the same chromaticity requirements and have consistent photometric characteristics.
4) Simultaneously on and off (except for direction indicator lamps).
c) For the lamps installed on the side vehicles of category L4 vehicles and the installation of 3 or 4 rear retroreflectors on category L5 vehicles with a front track width greater than 460mm, the provisions for the corresponding lamps specified in Clause 5 shall apply.
4.6 Combined, mixed, and incorporated lamps as well as individual lamps shall meet the following requirements.
a) the lamps can be combined, incorporated or mixed with each other under the condition of meeting their respective light color, installation position, direction, geometric visibility, circuit connection and other requirements, and meet the following requirements.
1) In case other lamps that are combined, incorporated or mixed are turned off, the lamps shall meet their light distribution and chromaticity requirements. For the case where the front position lamp or rear position lamp is reciprocally incorporated with one or more functions and works at the same time, it shall be ensured that the chromaticity requirements of the function are met when the function and the front position lamp or rear position lamp are turned on at the same time.
2) The "D" type rear position lamps shall not be mixed with the stop lamps.
3) If the stop lamp and direction indicator lamp are combined, the boundary of adjacent areas of different colors formed by the projection of the apparent surface in the direction perpendicular to the reference axis shall be ensured, and the horizontal and vertical straight lines shall not cross the above-mentioned boundary more than twice. And in the direction of the reference axis, the apparent surfaces based on the transparent surface shall not overlap.
b) For a single lamp, the following requirements shall be met:
1) For the same lamp body, when the viewing surface is composed of several separated parts in the direction of the reference axis, shall meet the following requirements: the sum of the areas of the minimum convex polygons on the periphery of the projections of the luminous surfaces of each part in the direction of the reference axis shall not be less than 60% of the area of the minimum convex polygons on the periphery of the projections of the functional overall boundary in the direction of the reference axis; or in the direction of the reference axis, the projection spacing of each part in the direction of the reference axis does not exceed 75mm. This requirement is not applicable to the functions of retroreflectors and license plate lamps.
2) Two independent retroreflectors or two "D"-shaped lamps shall meet the following requirements: the sum of the areas of the minimum convex polygons on the periphery of the projections of the luminous surfaces of each part in the direction of the reference axis shall not be less than 60% of the area of the minimum convex polygons on the periphery of the projections of the functional overall boundary in the direction of the reference axis; or the spacing does not exceed 75mm.
3) The interdependent lamp system shall meet the requirements of 4.6, b), 1). The same lamp body or external light distribution mirror that contains separate viewing surfaces is not regarded as a interdependent lamp system as a whole, but can be used as a interdependent lamp within a interdependent lamp system. A part of the strip lamps can be used as a part of the interdependent lamp system. All light sources in the interdependent lamp system shall be turned on and off simultaneously.
4.7 The height and spacing of the lamps from the ground shall be measured in accordance with the following requirements. If the distance or spacing obviously meets the requirements of this document, it is not necessary to determine the precise edge.
a) The maximum and minimum height from the ground shall be measured from the highest point and lowest point of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis respectively.
b) For low beam and front fog lamps, the minimum height from the ground shall be measured from the lowest point of the effective aperture of the optical system (e.g. reflectors, lens, and projection lens).
c) The lateral spacing or position of lamps shall be determined by the inner edges of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis. The distance from the lamps to the outer end face of the vehicle shall be determined by the edge of the apparent surface that is farthest from the longitudinal symmetrical plane of the vehicle.
Contents
Foreword IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Special provisions
5.1 Driving-beam headlamps
5.2 Passing-beam headlamps
5.3 Front fog lamps
5.4 Daytime running lamps
5.5 Front position lamps
5.6 Rear position lamps
5.7 Rear-registration plate illuminating devices
5.8 Stop lamps
5.9 Emergency stop signals
5.10 Direction-indicator lamps
5.11 Hazard warning signals
5.12 Rear fog lamps
5.13 Reversing lamps
5.14 Rear retro-reflectors
5.15 Side retro-reflectors
5.16 Exterior courtesy lamps
5.17 ADBs
5.18 Rear-end collision alert signals
6 Inspection rules
6.1 Type inspection
6.2 Conformity of production inspection
7 Determination of the same type
8 Implementation of the standard
Annex A (Informative) Horizontal inclination, bank angle, and angle δ
Annex B (Normative) Invisibility of front view red light and invisibility of rear view white light
Annex C (Normative) Environmental requirements for automatic switching of passing-beam headlamps
Annex D (Normative) Requirements for the installation and light color of motorcycle and moped lamps
Annex E (Normative) Road test
E.1 Road tests for automatically controlled driving-beam headlamp
E.2 ADB road tests
Annex F (Normative) Calculation methods for vertical inclination of the passing-beam cut-off line and the central inclination of the ADB maximum illuminance area
F.1 Calculation method
F.2 Measurement conditions
Annex G (Normative) Observation area of the apparent surface of exterior courtesy lamps
GB 18100-2025 Provisions for the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for motorcycles and mopeds
1 Scope
This standard specifies the general requirements, special regulations, inspection rules and determination of the same type for the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for motorcycles and mopeds.
This document is applicable to two-wheeled mopeds (category L1), right three-wheeled mopeds (category L2), two-wheeled motorcycles (category L3), motorcycles with sidecars (category L4) and right three-wheeled motorcycles (category L5).
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 4599 Road illumination devices and systems for motor vehicles
GB 4785 Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers
GB/T 5359.1 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 1: Types of vehicles
GB 5920 Light-signalling devices and systems for motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 17510 Photometric characteristics of light-signalling devices for motorcycles
GB 19152 Motor vehicle headlamps emitting a symmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both
GB 20073 Performance and measurement method for braking of motorcycles and mopeds
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 4785 and GB/T 5359.1 and the following apply.
3.1
extreme outer edge
a plane parallel to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle and in contact with the outer edge of the vehicle
Note: The outer edge of the vehicle does not include the following protrusions: rearview mirrors, direction indicator lamps, front position lamp, rear position lamp and rear retro-reflector.
3.2
horizontal inclination
angle between the headlight beam of an empty vehicle and the headlight beam when the vehicle is inclined
Note: Schematic diagram is shown in Annex A.
3.3
horizontal inclination adjustment system (HIAS)
device that keeps the horizontal inclination of the vehicle's headlamps at zero
3.4
bank angle
angle between the longitudinal symmetry plane and the vertical plane of a vehicle when it is inclined
Note: Schematic diagram is shown in Annex A.
3.5
HIAS signal
any control signals input by HIAS or additional control signals, or control signals output by HIAS to the vehicle
Note: Abbreviated as "HIAS signal".
3.6
HIAS signal generator
device used for HIAS testing that can repeatedly emit one or more horizontal inclination signals
Note: Abbreviated as "HIAS signal generator".
3.7
HIAS test angle
angle between the low beam brightness cut-off line of the headlamp and the H-H line
Note: Abbreviated as "HIAS test angle". In Figure A.1, δ is used to represent the HIAS test angle.
3.8
exterior courtesy lamp
lamps that provide auxiliary lighting when vehicle drivers and passengers get on or off the vehicle or load or unload goods
3.9
adaptive driving-beam (ADB)
main beam that the light beam are adjusted according to the incoming vehicle or the vehicle in front to improve the visibility of the driver at a longer distance without discomfort, glare or distraction to other road users
3.10
illuminated logo
illuminated graphic marks, badges, text or a combination of these elements used to represent the brand or model logo of a vehicle manufacturer
4 General requirements
4.1 The installation of lighting and light-signalling devices shall ensure that under the normal use condition of the vehicle, even if they are subjected to vibration, they shall still meet the installation requirements of this document for each device.
4.2 The installation of lighting devices shall be convenient for the correct adjustment of their direction.
4.3 For all lighting and light-signaling devices mounted on the vehicle, the reference axis shall be parallel to the bearing plane of the vehicle on the road; Except for the side reflection reflectors, the reference axes of all lighting and light-signalling devices shall be parallel to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. The reference axis of the side reflection reflector shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. The tolerance in each direction is ±3°.
4.4 When inspecting the installation height and directions of the lamps, the test vehicle shall be unladen and placed on level ground, its longitudinal plane of symmetry shall be vertical, and the direction changing handle shall be at a forward straight ahead position, with the tyre inflation pressure meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer.
4.5 The installation of single or multiple lamps on a vehicle shall meet the following requirements.
a) For a single installed lamps (for category L4 vehicles, only the single lamp installed on the main vehicle is considered), its reference center shall be located on the longitudinal symmetrical plane of the vehicle, except in the following cases:
1) High beams installed in accordance with 5.1.3.1.1 or 5.1.3.1.2;
2) Low beam lamps installed in accordance with 5.2.3.1.1 or 5.2.3.1.2;
3) Front fog lamps installed in accordance with 5.3.3.1.1;
4) Daytime running lamps installed in accordance with 5.4.3.1.1 or 5.4.3.1.2;
5) front position lamps installed in accordance with 5.5.3.1.1 or 5.5.3.1.2.
b) On the main vehicles of categories L1, L2, L3, L5 and category L4 vehicles, the lamps installed in pairs shall meet the following requirements.
1) It is symmetrically installed on the vehicle relative to the longitudinal symmetrical plane of the vehicle.
2) The shape of lamp and light-transmitting surface shall be symmetrical relative to the longitudinal symmetrical plane of the vehicle. For lamps with illuminated logos, the illuminated logos themselves may not be symmetrical.
3) Meet the same chromaticity requirements and have consistent photometric characteristics.
4) Simultaneously on and off (except for direction indicator lamps).
c) For the lamps installed on the side vehicles of category L4 vehicles and the installation of 3 or 4 rear retroreflectors on category L5 vehicles with a front track width greater than 460mm, the provisions for the corresponding lamps specified in Clause 5 shall apply.
4.6 Combined, mixed, and incorporated lamps as well as individual lamps shall meet the following requirements.
a) the lamps can be combined, incorporated or mixed with each other under the condition of meeting their respective light color, installation position, direction, geometric visibility, circuit connection and other requirements, and meet the following requirements.
1) In case other lamps that are combined, incorporated or mixed are turned off, the lamps shall meet their light distribution and chromaticity requirements. For the case where the front position lamp or rear position lamp is reciprocally incorporated with one or more functions and works at the same time, it shall be ensured that the chromaticity requirements of the function are met when the function and the front position lamp or rear position lamp are turned on at the same time.
2) The "D" type rear position lamps shall not be mixed with the stop lamps.
3) If the stop lamp and direction indicator lamp are combined, the boundary of adjacent areas of different colors formed by the projection of the apparent surface in the direction perpendicular to the reference axis shall be ensured, and the horizontal and vertical straight lines shall not cross the above-mentioned boundary more than twice. And in the direction of the reference axis, the apparent surfaces based on the transparent surface shall not overlap.
b) For a single lamp, the following requirements shall be met:
1) For the same lamp body, when the viewing surface is composed of several separated parts in the direction of the reference axis, shall meet the following requirements: the sum of the areas of the minimum convex polygons on the periphery of the projections of the luminous surfaces of each part in the direction of the reference axis shall not be less than 60% of the area of the minimum convex polygons on the periphery of the projections of the functional overall boundary in the direction of the reference axis; or in the direction of the reference axis, the projection spacing of each part in the direction of the reference axis does not exceed 75mm. This requirement is not applicable to the functions of retroreflectors and license plate lamps.
2) Two independent retroreflectors or two "D"-shaped lamps shall meet the following requirements: the sum of the areas of the minimum convex polygons on the periphery of the projections of the luminous surfaces of each part in the direction of the reference axis shall not be less than 60% of the area of the minimum convex polygons on the periphery of the projections of the functional overall boundary in the direction of the reference axis; or the spacing does not exceed 75mm.
3) The interdependent lamp system shall meet the requirements of 4.6, b), 1). The same lamp body or external light distribution mirror that contains separate viewing surfaces is not regarded as a interdependent lamp system as a whole, but can be used as a interdependent lamp within a interdependent lamp system. A part of the strip lamps can be used as a part of the interdependent lamp system. All light sources in the interdependent lamp system shall be turned on and off simultaneously.
4.7 The height and spacing of the lamps from the ground shall be measured in accordance with the following requirements. If the distance or spacing obviously meets the requirements of this document, it is not necessary to determine the precise edge.
a) The maximum and minimum height from the ground shall be measured from the highest point and lowest point of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis respectively.
b) For low beam and front fog lamps, the minimum height from the ground shall be measured from the lowest point of the effective aperture of the optical system (e.g. reflectors, lens, and projection lens).
c) The lateral spacing or position of lamps shall be determined by the inner edges of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis. The distance from the lamps to the outer end face of the vehicle shall be determined by the edge of the apparent surface that is farthest from the longitudinal symmetrical plane of the vehicle.
Contents of GB 18100-2025
Contents
Foreword IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Special provisions
5.1 Driving-beam headlamps
5.2 Passing-beam headlamps
5.3 Front fog lamps
5.4 Daytime running lamps
5.5 Front position lamps
5.6 Rear position lamps
5.7 Rear-registration plate illuminating devices
5.8 Stop lamps
5.9 Emergency stop signals
5.10 Direction-indicator lamps
5.11 Hazard warning signals
5.12 Rear fog lamps
5.13 Reversing lamps
5.14 Rear retro-reflectors
5.15 Side retro-reflectors
5.16 Exterior courtesy lamps
5.17 ADBs
5.18 Rear-end collision alert signals
6 Inspection rules
6.1 Type inspection
6.2 Conformity of production inspection
7 Determination of the same type
8 Implementation of the standard
Annex A (Informative) Horizontal inclination, bank angle, and angle δ
Annex B (Normative) Invisibility of front view red light and invisibility of rear view white light
Annex C (Normative) Environmental requirements for automatic switching of passing-beam headlamps
Annex D (Normative) Requirements for the installation and light color of motorcycle and moped lamps
Annex E (Normative) Road test
E.1 Road tests for automatically controlled driving-beam headlamp
E.2 ADB road tests
Annex F (Normative) Calculation methods for vertical inclination of the passing-beam cut-off line and the central inclination of the ADB maximum illuminance area
F.1 Calculation method
F.2 Measurement conditions
Annex G (Normative) Observation area of the apparent surface of exterior courtesy lamps
