GB 18320-2025 Tri-wheel vehicles—Safety technical specification English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
This is a draft translation for reference among interesting stakeholders. The finalized translation (passing through draft translation, self-check, revision and verification) will be delivered upon being ordered.
ICS 13.220.01
CCS C 81
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB 18320-2025
Replaces GB 18320-2008
Tri-wheel vehicles - Safety technical specification
三轮汽车 安全技术规范
Issue date: 2025-10-31 Implementation date: 2026-11-01
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Safety Requirements
5 Driver’s Working Position
6 Steering Wheel (Handlebar)
7 Operating Mechanisms
8 Body, Doors, and Windows
9 Lighting and Signal Devices
10 Braking System
11 Noise Emission
12 Exhaust Emission
13 Fuel Consumption
14 Maximum Speed
15 Self - Unloading System
16 Maximum Tilt Stability Angle
17 Identification of Safety Requirements
18 Testing and Inspection
19 Appendices
20 References
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements, usage information, and methods for determining safety requirements for tricycle vehicles.
This document applies to the design, manufacture, and inspection/testing of tricycle vehicles.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document. For normative references with a specified date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for normative references without a specified date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 1589: Dimension, Axle Load, and Mass Limits for Motor Vehicles, Trailers, and Motor Vehicle Trains
GB 8410: Flammability of Interior Materials for Motor Vehicles
GB 9656: Safety Technical Specification for Motor Vehicle Glass
GB 10396-2006: General Rules for Safety Signs and Hazard Graphs - Agricultural and Forestry Tractors and Machinery, Lawn and Garden Power Machinery
GB 11564: Reflector Devices for Motor Vehicles
GB 16735: Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) - Road Vehicles
GB 18322: Exhaust Smoke Emission Limit and Measurement Method for Agricultural Transport Vehicles during Free Acceleration
GB/T 19118: Noise Measurement Method for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19119: Installation Regulations for Lighting and Signal Devices of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19120: Structure, Performance, and Test Method for Braking Systems of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19122: Symbols for Operating Levers, Indicators, and Signal Devices of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19123: Beam Performance of Turn Signal Lamps for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19124: Headlamps for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19125: Beam Performance of Front Position Lamps, Rear Position Lamps, and Brake Lamps for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19128: Reflector for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19129: Performance Requirements and Test Method for Electric Horns of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19131: License Plate Bracket and Its Position for Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 19133: Test Method for Maximum Tilt Stability Angle of Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 19134: Performance and Installation Requirements for Rearview Mirrors of Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 19135: Beam Performance of Reverse Lamps for Tricycle Vehicles
GB 19757: Limit and Measurement Method for Accelerated Driving External Noise of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks (China Stage I, II)
GB 20891: Emission Limit and Measurement Method for Exhaust Pollutants of Diesel Engines for Non - Road Mobile Machinery (China Stage III, IV)
GB 21377: Limit and Measurement Method for Fuel Consumption of Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 23920: Test Method for Maximum Speed of Low - Speed Vehicles
GB/T 23931-2021: Test Method for Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 24939: Safety Technical Requirements for Self - Unloading Systems of Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 24942: General Requirements for Maximum Speed Limiting Devices of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 24948: Vocabulary for Low - Speed Vehicles
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 24948 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Tricycle Vehicle
A cargo vehicle with a maximum design speed of no more than 50 km/h and three wheels.
4 Safety Requirements
4.1 Vehicle - wide Requirements
4.1.1 The design and manufacture of tricycle vehicles should ensure safe operation of the entire vehicle. There should be no unreasonable hazards when operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s product user manual.
4.1.2 All components of tricycle vehicles should be intact and securely connected, and should not loosen due to vibration.
4.1.3 After continuous driving for no less than 10 km and parking for 5 minutes, the radiator, water pump, cylinder block, cylinder head, heater, and all connection points should show no obvious leakage.
4.1.4 The height difference between the left and right symmetrical parts of the vehicle body should not exceed 20 mm. The deviation between the front wheel center plane and the rear wheel symmetrical center plane should not exceed 20 mm.
4.1.5 The power - to - weight ratio of tricycle vehicles should not be less than 4.0 kW/t.
4.1.6 For self - unloading tricycle vehicles with a curb weight greater than 1,100 kg, the mass utilization coefficient should not be less than 0.55; for other types of tricycle vehicles, the mass utilization coefficient should not be less than 0.65.
4.1.7 For tank - type tricycle vehicles (e.g., water sprinkler trucks, sewage suction trucks, biogas slurry trucks), the tank interior should be equipped with anti - wave plates. The total tank capacity should comply with Formula (1), and for tricycle vehicles transporting liquids, the tank volume should comply with Formula (2).
Note 1: The payload in the formula does not include the mass of the driver’s cabin occupants.
Note 2: The same tank can transport different products with the same tank requirements, but the tank total capacity should be calculated based on the medium with the highest density.
4.1.8 For tricycle vehicles with a steering wheel, power transmission via a drive shaft, and a driver’s cabin with an item storage space behind the driver’s seat, the rear wheels may be equipped with dual tires. For tricycle vehicles of other types, the rear wheels should not be equipped with dual tires.
5 Driver’s Working Position
5.1 Interior Space of the Cabin
5.1.1 The interior of the cabin should have no sharp corners, sharp edges, or sharp protrusions that could cause injury.
5.1.2 For half - cab tricycle vehicles, the distance between the uppermost point of the rear of the driver’s seat (for seats with adjustable front - to - back position, the seat should be in the middle of the slide track; for seats with adjustable backrest angle, the backrest angle and other adjustments should be in the manufacturer - specified normal use position) and the rear wall plane of the cabin should not be less than 200 mm.
5.2 Seats
5.2.1 The junction between the seat and adjacent parts, as well as the junction of the seat backrest, should have no shearing or squeezing areas.
5.2.2 The seat should have sufficient strength and stiffness, be securely fixed, and be comfortable. For adjustable seats, the minimum adjustment range in the horizontal (longitudinal) direction should be ±50 mm. When adjusting the seat, there should be no squeezing hazards.
GB 18320-2025 Tri-wheel vehicles—Safety technical specification English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
This is a draft translation for reference among interesting stakeholders. The finalized translation (passing through draft translation, self-check, revision and verification) will be delivered upon being ordered.
ICS 13.220.01
CCS C 81
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB 18320-2025
Replaces GB 18320-2008
Tri-wheel vehicles - Safety technical specification
三轮汽车 安全技术规范
Issue date: 2025-10-31 Implementation date: 2026-11-01
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Safety Requirements
5 Driver’s Working Position
6 Steering Wheel (Handlebar)
7 Operating Mechanisms
8 Body, Doors, and Windows
9 Lighting and Signal Devices
10 Braking System
11 Noise Emission
12 Exhaust Emission
13 Fuel Consumption
14 Maximum Speed
15 Self - Unloading System
16 Maximum Tilt Stability Angle
17 Identification of Safety Requirements
18 Testing and Inspection
19 Appendices
20 References
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements, usage information, and methods for determining safety requirements for tricycle vehicles.
This document applies to the design, manufacture, and inspection/testing of tricycle vehicles.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document. For normative references with a specified date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for normative references without a specified date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 1589: Dimension, Axle Load, and Mass Limits for Motor Vehicles, Trailers, and Motor Vehicle Trains
GB 8410: Flammability of Interior Materials for Motor Vehicles
GB 9656: Safety Technical Specification for Motor Vehicle Glass
GB 10396-2006: General Rules for Safety Signs and Hazard Graphs - Agricultural and Forestry Tractors and Machinery, Lawn and Garden Power Machinery
GB 11564: Reflector Devices for Motor Vehicles
GB 16735: Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) - Road Vehicles
GB 18322: Exhaust Smoke Emission Limit and Measurement Method for Agricultural Transport Vehicles during Free Acceleration
GB/T 19118: Noise Measurement Method for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19119: Installation Regulations for Lighting and Signal Devices of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19120: Structure, Performance, and Test Method for Braking Systems of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19122: Symbols for Operating Levers, Indicators, and Signal Devices of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19123: Beam Performance of Turn Signal Lamps for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19124: Headlamps for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19125: Beam Performance of Front Position Lamps, Rear Position Lamps, and Brake Lamps for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19128: Reflector for Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19129: Performance Requirements and Test Method for Electric Horns of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 19131: License Plate Bracket and Its Position for Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 19133: Test Method for Maximum Tilt Stability Angle of Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 19134: Performance and Installation Requirements for Rearview Mirrors of Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 19135: Beam Performance of Reverse Lamps for Tricycle Vehicles
GB 19757: Limit and Measurement Method for Accelerated Driving External Noise of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks (China Stage I, II)
GB 20891: Emission Limit and Measurement Method for Exhaust Pollutants of Diesel Engines for Non - Road Mobile Machinery (China Stage III, IV)
GB 21377: Limit and Measurement Method for Fuel Consumption of Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 23920: Test Method for Maximum Speed of Low - Speed Vehicles
GB/T 23931-2021: Test Method for Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 24939: Safety Technical Requirements for Self - Unloading Systems of Tricycle Vehicles
GB/T 24942: General Requirements for Maximum Speed Limiting Devices of Tricycle Vehicles and Low - Speed Trucks
GB/T 24948: Vocabulary for Low - Speed Vehicles
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 24948 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Tricycle Vehicle
A cargo vehicle with a maximum design speed of no more than 50 km/h and three wheels.
4 Safety Requirements
4.1 Vehicle - wide Requirements
4.1.1 The design and manufacture of tricycle vehicles should ensure safe operation of the entire vehicle. There should be no unreasonable hazards when operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s product user manual.
4.1.2 All components of tricycle vehicles should be intact and securely connected, and should not loosen due to vibration.
4.1.3 After continuous driving for no less than 10 km and parking for 5 minutes, the radiator, water pump, cylinder block, cylinder head, heater, and all connection points should show no obvious leakage.
4.1.4 The height difference between the left and right symmetrical parts of the vehicle body should not exceed 20 mm. The deviation between the front wheel center plane and the rear wheel symmetrical center plane should not exceed 20 mm.
4.1.5 The power - to - weight ratio of tricycle vehicles should not be less than 4.0 kW/t.
4.1.6 For self - unloading tricycle vehicles with a curb weight greater than 1,100 kg, the mass utilization coefficient should not be less than 0.55; for other types of tricycle vehicles, the mass utilization coefficient should not be less than 0.65.
4.1.7 For tank - type tricycle vehicles (e.g., water sprinkler trucks, sewage suction trucks, biogas slurry trucks), the tank interior should be equipped with anti - wave plates. The total tank capacity should comply with Formula (1), and for tricycle vehicles transporting liquids, the tank volume should comply with Formula (2).
Note 1: The payload in the formula does not include the mass of the driver’s cabin occupants.
Note 2: The same tank can transport different products with the same tank requirements, but the tank total capacity should be calculated based on the medium with the highest density.
4.1.8 For tricycle vehicles with a steering wheel, power transmission via a drive shaft, and a driver’s cabin with an item storage space behind the driver’s seat, the rear wheels may be equipped with dual tires. For tricycle vehicles of other types, the rear wheels should not be equipped with dual tires.
5 Driver’s Working Position
5.1 Interior Space of the Cabin
5.1.1 The interior of the cabin should have no sharp corners, sharp edges, or sharp protrusions that could cause injury.
5.1.2 For half - cab tricycle vehicles, the distance between the uppermost point of the rear of the driver’s seat (for seats with adjustable front - to - back position, the seat should be in the middle of the slide track; for seats with adjustable backrest angle, the backrest angle and other adjustments should be in the manufacturer - specified normal use position) and the rear wall plane of the cabin should not be less than 200 mm.
5.2 Seats
5.2.1 The junction between the seat and adjacent parts, as well as the junction of the seat backrest, should have no shearing or squeezing areas.
5.2.2 The seat should have sufficient strength and stiffness, be securely fixed, and be comfortable. For adjustable seats, the minimum adjustment range in the horizontal (longitudinal) direction should be ±50 mm. When adjusting the seat, there should be no squeezing hazards.
