GB/T 10288-2026 Test method for down and feather
1 Scope
This document describes the test methods for fine‑washed down and feather and rough‑washed down and feather, and defines the relevant terms.
This document applies to testing of fine‑washed down and feather for the composition analysis, species identification, filling power, cleanliness, oxygen demand, residual fat content, odour, pH and moisture content, as well as the testing of rough‑washed down and feather for the composition analysis, cleanliness and morphological appearance. It is also applies to the testing of fillings in various down and feather products, except where other test methods are specified in relevant standards.
This document does not apply to the testing of blended products of down and feather with other fibres.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 6529 Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 7573 Textiles - Determination of pH of aqueous extract
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values
GB/T 17685 Down and feather
GSB 16-2763 Standard images of down and feather
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 17685 and the following apply.
3.1
moisture regain
percentage of the mass difference of the specimen before and after drying relative to the mass after drying
4 Test methods for rough‑washed down and feather
Comply with the provision of Annex A.
5 Test methods for rough‑washed down and feather
5.1 Sampling and specimen handling
5.1.1 Sampling method
Sampling may be carried out by any of the following methods, and the specimens shall be representative:
- sampling from temporary bales that have not yet been packed;
- sampling from packed packages;
- sampling from finished products.
5.1.2 Sampling quantity
5.1.2.1 Fine-washed down and feather
For bulk goods, the sample quantity for fine‑washed down and feather shall be determined according to the number of packages in each delivery batch (a batch is defined as the same variety, same grade, and same processing technology), and shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
Table 1 Sampling quantity of bulk goods
Quantity of goods/
(cases, bales, pieces) Number of bales to be opened
(sampling points per bale ≥3) Mass of individual sample / g
≥ Total mass of samples
/ g
≥
1 1 135 405
2~ 8 2 70 420
9~ 25 3 45 405
26~ 90 5 30 450
91~ 280 8 20 480
281~ 500 9 20 540
501~ 1 200 11 20 660
1 201~ 3 200 15 15 675
> 3 200 19 15 855
5.1.2.2 Down and feather products
The sampling quantity for down and feather products shall be determined according to each delivery batch (a batch is defined as the same variety, same grade, and same processing technology). Unless otherwise specified, the sampling quantity shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.
Table 2 Sampling quantity for down and feather products
Unit: pieces
Number of products Sample quantity a
1~ 100 1
101~ 500 2
501~ 3 000 3
> 3 000 4
a The sample quantity shall be at least 200 g to meet the minimum testing requirements. If this cannot be achieved, the samples shall be appropriately increased.
5.1.3 Sampling requirements
5.1.3.1 For fine-washed down and feather, samples shall be taken from the upper, middle and lower parts of each individual package respectively.
5.1.3.2 Sampling methods for down and feather products:
- For large down and feather products with a nominal filling mass per individual sample of 500 g or more, samples shall be taken from at least three parts respectively. For other down and feather products, the entire filling material shall be taken as the test specimen.
- For heat-sealed fabrics, the fabric shall be torn open along the heat-sealing strip or along the connecting line of the double-layer fabric. For double-layer fabrics, cut the fabric open carefully with a blade at the connecting line of the double layer, avoiding damage to the raw material quality.
- For down and feather products with layered or partitioned filling of different specifications, samples shall be taken separately for testing, and the results shall be reported separately.
5.1.3.3 After sampling, specimens for moisture content / moisture regain testing shall be weighed on site or placed in clean, dry and airtight containers, and shall remain sealed during transport and transfer. Specimens for other test items may be placed in ordinary sample bags after sampling.
5.1.4 Test environment and specimen conditioning
For composition analysis, species identification and filling power tests, conditioning and testing shall be carried out in the standard atmosphere specified in GB/T 6529 [temperature (20 ± 2) °C, relative humidity (65 ± 4) %]. The specimens shall be conditioned for at least 24 h before testing.
The pre‑treatment steps involving steam blowing and blow‑drying in the filling power test shall not be carried out in the standard atmosphere.
Other test items may be carried out at laboratory ambient conditions.
5.1.5 Treatment of specimens
5.1.5.1 Apparatus and equipment
5.1.5.1.1 Mixing trough, made of anti‑static materials such as wood or stainless steel, with approximate dimensions (150–200) cm × (80–100) cm × (20–30) cm, and with the bottom surface 55 cm to 65 cm above the floor.
5.1.5.1.2 Analytical balance with a readability of 0.1 mg.
5.1.5.2 Sample homogenisation and reduction
Place all the samples into the mixing trough. Mix them evenly by hand first, then spread them in a circular shape in the trough. When spreading, lift from the left and drop to the right, then lift from the right and drop to the left, spreading layer by layer alternately until all the samples are spread.
Reduce the samples to 200 g (or 300 g for pure feather pieces) using the “quartering” method. If the sample mass is insufficient, take the entire sample.
5.1.6 Specimen size
Take individual specimen of more than 10 g for the items required in Table 3 using the quartering method. After spreading the remaining samples evenly, take samples from the circular zone between the centre and the edge of the spread sample at five evenly distributed points by pinching with fingers from top to bottom. The remaining samples shall be retained as a reserve. If the reduced specimen is found to be still uneven, repeat the reduction process until the required test portion mass is obtained.
Contents
Foreword III
1 Scope
2 Normative reference
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test methods for rough‑washed down and feather
5 Test methods for fine‑washed down and feather
5.1 Sampling and specimen preparation
5.2 Composition analysis
5.3 Species identification of goose and duck down and feather
5.4 Filling power
5.5 Cleanliness
5.6 Oxygen demand
5.7 Residual fat content (Soxhlet extraction method)
5.8 Odour (constant‑temperature dry olfactory method)
5.9 pH
5.10 Moisture content / Moisture regain
6 Test report
Annex A (Normative) Test methods for rough‑washed down and feather
A.1 Sampling
A.2 Specimen preparation
A.3 Composition analysis
A.4 Cleanliness
GB/T 10288-2026 Test method for down and feather
1 Scope
This document describes the test methods for fine‑washed down and feather and rough‑washed down and feather, and defines the relevant terms.
This document applies to testing of fine‑washed down and feather for the composition analysis, species identification, filling power, cleanliness, oxygen demand, residual fat content, odour, pH and moisture content, as well as the testing of rough‑washed down and feather for the composition analysis, cleanliness and morphological appearance. It is also applies to the testing of fillings in various down and feather products, except where other test methods are specified in relevant standards.
This document does not apply to the testing of blended products of down and feather with other fibres.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 6529 Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 7573 Textiles - Determination of pH of aqueous extract
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values
GB/T 17685 Down and feather
GSB 16-2763 Standard images of down and feather
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 17685 and the following apply.
3.1
moisture regain
percentage of the mass difference of the specimen before and after drying relative to the mass after drying
4 Test methods for rough‑washed down and feather
Comply with the provision of Annex A.
5 Test methods for rough‑washed down and feather
5.1 Sampling and specimen handling
5.1.1 Sampling method
Sampling may be carried out by any of the following methods, and the specimens shall be representative:
- sampling from temporary bales that have not yet been packed;
- sampling from packed packages;
- sampling from finished products.
5.1.2 Sampling quantity
5.1.2.1 Fine-washed down and feather
For bulk goods, the sample quantity for fine‑washed down and feather shall be determined according to the number of packages in each delivery batch (a batch is defined as the same variety, same grade, and same processing technology), and shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
Table 1 Sampling quantity of bulk goods
Quantity of goods/
(cases, bales, pieces) Number of bales to be opened
(sampling points per bale ≥3) Mass of individual sample / g
≥ Total mass of samples
/ g
≥
1 1 135 405
2~ 8 2 70 420
9~ 25 3 45 405
26~ 90 5 30 450
91~ 280 8 20 480
281~ 500 9 20 540
501~ 1 200 11 20 660
1 201~ 3 200 15 15 675
> 3 200 19 15 855
5.1.2.2 Down and feather products
The sampling quantity for down and feather products shall be determined according to each delivery batch (a batch is defined as the same variety, same grade, and same processing technology). Unless otherwise specified, the sampling quantity shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.
Table 2 Sampling quantity for down and feather products
Unit: pieces
Number of products Sample quantity a
1~ 100 1
101~ 500 2
501~ 3 000 3
> 3 000 4
a The sample quantity shall be at least 200 g to meet the minimum testing requirements. If this cannot be achieved, the samples shall be appropriately increased.
5.1.3 Sampling requirements
5.1.3.1 For fine-washed down and feather, samples shall be taken from the upper, middle and lower parts of each individual package respectively.
5.1.3.2 Sampling methods for down and feather products:
- For large down and feather products with a nominal filling mass per individual sample of 500 g or more, samples shall be taken from at least three parts respectively. For other down and feather products, the entire filling material shall be taken as the test specimen.
- For heat-sealed fabrics, the fabric shall be torn open along the heat-sealing strip or along the connecting line of the double-layer fabric. For double-layer fabrics, cut the fabric open carefully with a blade at the connecting line of the double layer, avoiding damage to the raw material quality.
- For down and feather products with layered or partitioned filling of different specifications, samples shall be taken separately for testing, and the results shall be reported separately.
5.1.3.3 After sampling, specimens for moisture content / moisture regain testing shall be weighed on site or placed in clean, dry and airtight containers, and shall remain sealed during transport and transfer. Specimens for other test items may be placed in ordinary sample bags after sampling.
5.1.4 Test environment and specimen conditioning
For composition analysis, species identification and filling power tests, conditioning and testing shall be carried out in the standard atmosphere specified in GB/T 6529 [temperature (20 ± 2) °C, relative humidity (65 ± 4) %]. The specimens shall be conditioned for at least 24 h before testing.
The pre‑treatment steps involving steam blowing and blow‑drying in the filling power test shall not be carried out in the standard atmosphere.
Other test items may be carried out at laboratory ambient conditions.
5.1.5 Treatment of specimens
5.1.5.1 Apparatus and equipment
5.1.5.1.1 Mixing trough, made of anti‑static materials such as wood or stainless steel, with approximate dimensions (150–200) cm × (80–100) cm × (20–30) cm, and with the bottom surface 55 cm to 65 cm above the floor.
5.1.5.1.2 Analytical balance with a readability of 0.1 mg.
5.1.5.2 Sample homogenisation and reduction
Place all the samples into the mixing trough. Mix them evenly by hand first, then spread them in a circular shape in the trough. When spreading, lift from the left and drop to the right, then lift from the right and drop to the left, spreading layer by layer alternately until all the samples are spread.
Reduce the samples to 200 g (or 300 g for pure feather pieces) using the “quartering” method. If the sample mass is insufficient, take the entire sample.
5.1.6 Specimen size
Take individual specimen of more than 10 g for the items required in Table 3 using the quartering method. After spreading the remaining samples evenly, take samples from the circular zone between the centre and the edge of the spread sample at five evenly distributed points by pinching with fingers from top to bottom. The remaining samples shall be retained as a reserve. If the reduced specimen is found to be still uneven, repeat the reduction process until the required test portion mass is obtained.
Contents of GB/T 10288-2026
Contents
Foreword III
1 Scope
2 Normative reference
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test methods for rough‑washed down and feather
5 Test methods for fine‑washed down and feather
5.1 Sampling and specimen preparation
5.2 Composition analysis
5.3 Species identification of goose and duck down and feather
5.4 Filling power
5.5 Cleanliness
5.6 Oxygen demand
5.7 Residual fat content (Soxhlet extraction method)
5.8 Odour (constant‑temperature dry olfactory method)
5.9 pH
5.10 Moisture content / Moisture regain
6 Test report
Annex A (Normative) Test methods for rough‑washed down and feather
A.1 Sampling
A.2 Specimen preparation
A.3 Composition analysis
A.4 Cleanliness
