1 Scope
1.1 Scope
This part applies to laboratory models of any type of impulse or reaction hydraulic turbine, storage pump or pump-turbine.
This part applies to models of prototype machines either with unit power greater than 10MW or with reference diameter greater than 3.3m. Full application of the procedures herein prescribed is not generally justified for machines with smaller power and size. Nevertheless, this part may be used for such machines by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
In this part, the term "turbine" includes a pump-turbine operating as a turbine and the term "pump" includes a pump-turbine operating as a pump.
This part excludes all matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably bound up with the conduct of the tests.
This part is concerned with neither the structural details of the machines nor the mechanical performance of their components, so long as these do not affect model performance or the relationship between model and prototype performances.
1.2 Object
This part covers the arrangements for model acceptance tests to be performed on hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines to determine if the main hydraulic performance contract guarantees have been satisfied.
It contains the rules governing test conduct and prescribes measures to be taken if any phase of the tests is disputed.
The main objectives of this part are:
——to define the terms and quantities used;
——to specify methods of testing and of measuring the quantities involved, in order to ascertain the hydraulic performance of the model;
——to specify the methods of computation of results and of comparison with guarantees;
——to determine if the contract guarantees, which fall within the scope of this part, have been fulfilled;
——to define the extent, content and structure of the final report.
The guarantees may be given in one of the following ways:
——guarantees for prototype hydraulic performance, computed from model test results considering scale effects;
——guarantees for model hydraulic performance.
Moreover additional performance data (see 4.4) can be needed for the design or the operation of the prototype of the hydraulic machine. Contrary to the requirements of GB/T 15613.2 related to main hydraulic performance, the information of these additional data given in GB/T 15613.3 is considered only as recommendation or guidance to the user.
It is particularly recommended that model acceptance tests be performed if the expected field conditions for acceptance tests (see GB/T 20043) would not allow the verification of guarantees given for the prototype machine.
This part may also be applied to model tests for other purposes, i.e. comparative tests and research and development work.
If model acceptance tests have been performed, field tests can be limited to index tests (see Chapter 8, GB/T 20043).
2 Normative References
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of GB/T 15613. For dated references, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections), or revisions, of any of these publications do not apply to this part. However parties to agreements based on this part are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB/T 15613.2-2008 Model Acceptance Tests of Hydraulic Turbines, Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines - Part 2: Main Hydraulic Performance Test (IEC 60193:1999, MOD)
GB/T 15613.3-2008 Model Acceptance Tests of Hydraulic Turbines, Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines - Part 3: Additional Performance Test (IEC 60193:1999, MOD)
GB/T 10969 Specifications for Water Passage Components of Hydraulic Turbines (neq IEC 60193:1977)
GB/T 17189 Code for Field Measurement of Vibrations and Pulsation in Hydraulic Machines (Turbines, Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines)
GB/T 20043 Field Acceptance Test to Determine the Hydraulic Performance of Hydraulic Turbine, Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines (GB/T 20043-2005, IEC 60041:1991, MOD)
ISO 31-3:1992 Quantities and Units - Part 3: Mechanics
ISO 31-12:1992 Quantities and Units - Part 12: Characteristic Numbers
ISO 2533 Standard Atmosphere
ISO 4185:1980 Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits - Weighing Method
ISO 5168:1978 Measurement of Fluid Flow - Estimation of Uncertainty of A Flow-rate Measurement
VIM:1993 International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (BIPM-IEC-ISO-OIML)
3 Terms, Definitions, Symbols and Units
Foreword i
1 Scope
1.1 Scope
1.2 Object
2 Normative References
3 Terms, Definitions, Symbols and Units
3.1 General
3.2 Units
3.3 List of Terms, Definitions, Symbols and Units
4 Nature and Extent of Guarantees Related to Hydraulic Performance
4.1 General
4.2 Main Hydraulic Performance Guarantees Verifiable by Model Test
4.3 Guarantees Not Verifiable by Model Test
4.4 Additional Data
5 Execution of Tests
5.1 Requirements of Test Rig and Model
5.2 Dimensional Check of Model and Prototype
5.3 Hydraulic Similitude, Test Conditions and Test Procedures
5.4 Introduction to the methods of measurement
5.5 Physical properties
Annex A (Informative) Dimensionless Terms
Annex B (Normative) Physical Properties and Data
Annex C (Informative) Derivation of the Equation for the Specific Hydraulic Energy of A Machine
Annex D (Informative) Influence of the Density of Actual Water ρwa on Measurement and Calibration
Annex E (Informative) Summarized Test and Calculation Procedure
Annex F (Normative) Scale-up of the Hydraulic Efficiency of Reaction Machines
Annex G (Normative) Computation of the Prototype Runaway Characteristics Taking into Account Friction and Windage Losses of the Unit
Annex H (Informative) Example of Determination of the Best Smooth Curve: Method of Separate Segments
Annex J (informative) Examples of Analysis of Sources of Error and Uncertainty Evaluation
Annex K (normative) Efficiency Scale-up for Pelton turbines
Annex L (Normative) Analysis of Random Uncertainties for a Test at Constant Operating Conditions
Annex M (Normative) Computation of Plant Thoma Number σpl
Annex N (Informative) Detailed Flux Diagram of Specific Hydraulic Energy, Discharge and Power
Annex P (Informative) Bibliography
Annex Q (Informative) Technical Differences between This Part and IEC 60193: 1991 and Their Reasons
1 Scope
1.1 Scope
This part applies to laboratory models of any type of impulse or reaction hydraulic turbine, storage pump or pump-turbine.
This part applies to models of prototype machines either with unit power greater than 10MW or with reference diameter greater than 3.3m. Full application of the procedures herein prescribed is not generally justified for machines with smaller power and size. Nevertheless, this part may be used for such machines by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
In this part, the term "turbine" includes a pump-turbine operating as a turbine and the term "pump" includes a pump-turbine operating as a pump.
This part excludes all matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably bound up with the conduct of the tests.
This part is concerned with neither the structural details of the machines nor the mechanical performance of their components, so long as these do not affect model performance or the relationship between model and prototype performances.
1.2 Object
This part covers the arrangements for model acceptance tests to be performed on hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines to determine if the main hydraulic performance contract guarantees have been satisfied.
It contains the rules governing test conduct and prescribes measures to be taken if any phase of the tests is disputed.
The main objectives of this part are:
——to define the terms and quantities used;
——to specify methods of testing and of measuring the quantities involved, in order to ascertain the hydraulic performance of the model;
——to specify the methods of computation of results and of comparison with guarantees;
——to determine if the contract guarantees, which fall within the scope of this part, have been fulfilled;
——to define the extent, content and structure of the final report.
The guarantees may be given in one of the following ways:
——guarantees for prototype hydraulic performance, computed from model test results considering scale effects;
——guarantees for model hydraulic performance.
Moreover additional performance data (see 4.4) can be needed for the design or the operation of the prototype of the hydraulic machine. Contrary to the requirements of GB/T 15613.2 related to main hydraulic performance, the information of these additional data given in GB/T 15613.3 is considered only as recommendation or guidance to the user.
It is particularly recommended that model acceptance tests be performed if the expected field conditions for acceptance tests (see GB/T 20043) would not allow the verification of guarantees given for the prototype machine.
This part may also be applied to model tests for other purposes, i.e. comparative tests and research and development work.
If model acceptance tests have been performed, field tests can be limited to index tests (see Chapter 8, GB/T 20043).
2 Normative References
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of GB/T 15613. For dated references, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections), or revisions, of any of these publications do not apply to this part. However parties to agreements based on this part are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB/T 15613.2-2008 Model Acceptance Tests of Hydraulic Turbines, Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines - Part 2: Main Hydraulic Performance Test (IEC 60193:1999, MOD)
GB/T 15613.3-2008 Model Acceptance Tests of Hydraulic Turbines, Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines - Part 3: Additional Performance Test (IEC 60193:1999, MOD)
GB/T 10969 Specifications for Water Passage Components of Hydraulic Turbines (neq IEC 60193:1977)
GB/T 17189 Code for Field Measurement of Vibrations and Pulsation in Hydraulic Machines (Turbines, Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines)
GB/T 20043 Field Acceptance Test to Determine the Hydraulic Performance of Hydraulic Turbine, Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines (GB/T 20043-2005, IEC 60041:1991, MOD)
ISO 31-3:1992 Quantities and Units - Part 3: Mechanics
ISO 31-12:1992 Quantities and Units - Part 12: Characteristic Numbers
ISO 2533 Standard Atmosphere
ISO 4185:1980 Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits - Weighing Method
ISO 5168:1978 Measurement of Fluid Flow - Estimation of Uncertainty of A Flow-rate Measurement
VIM:1993 International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (BIPM-IEC-ISO-OIML)
3 Terms, Definitions, Symbols and Units
Contents of GB/T 15613.1-2008
Foreword i
1 Scope
1.1 Scope
1.2 Object
2 Normative References
3 Terms, Definitions, Symbols and Units
3.1 General
3.2 Units
3.3 List of Terms, Definitions, Symbols and Units
4 Nature and Extent of Guarantees Related to Hydraulic Performance
4.1 General
4.2 Main Hydraulic Performance Guarantees Verifiable by Model Test
4.3 Guarantees Not Verifiable by Model Test
4.4 Additional Data
5 Execution of Tests
5.1 Requirements of Test Rig and Model
5.2 Dimensional Check of Model and Prototype
5.3 Hydraulic Similitude, Test Conditions and Test Procedures
5.4 Introduction to the methods of measurement
5.5 Physical properties
Annex A (Informative) Dimensionless Terms
Annex B (Normative) Physical Properties and Data
Annex C (Informative) Derivation of the Equation for the Specific Hydraulic Energy of A Machine
Annex D (Informative) Influence of the Density of Actual Water ρwa on Measurement and Calibration
Annex E (Informative) Summarized Test and Calculation Procedure
Annex F (Normative) Scale-up of the Hydraulic Efficiency of Reaction Machines
Annex G (Normative) Computation of the Prototype Runaway Characteristics Taking into Account Friction and Windage Losses of the Unit
Annex H (Informative) Example of Determination of the Best Smooth Curve: Method of Separate Segments
Annex J (informative) Examples of Analysis of Sources of Error and Uncertainty Evaluation
Annex K (normative) Efficiency Scale-up for Pelton turbines
Annex L (Normative) Analysis of Random Uncertainties for a Test at Constant Operating Conditions
Annex M (Normative) Computation of Plant Thoma Number σpl
Annex N (Informative) Detailed Flux Diagram of Specific Hydraulic Energy, Discharge and Power
Annex P (Informative) Bibliography
Annex Q (Informative) Technical Differences between This Part and IEC 60193: 1991 and Their Reasons
