1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum requirements for the design, calculation, inspection and installation of truck-mounted cranes on chassis or fixed chassis.
This document applies to all new truck-mounted cranes produced one year after its publication. No modifications to existing truck mounted cranes are required. This document does not apply to truck-mounted cranes mounted on the deck of a ship or on a floating structure, or to ammonium jib cranes specifically designed as an integral part of specialised equipment (travelling equipment with load).
This document covers all significant hazards, hazardous conditions or hazardous events associated with truck-mounted cranes other than manned hazards, but does not include hazards associated with irregularities and mishandling foreseeable by the manufacturer. The list of significant hazards is shown in Appendix A.
Note: Special national regulations may be applied when the truck-mounted crane is used to carry people.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, note the date of the reference documents, only the date of the corresponding version applies to this document; not note the date of the reference documents, the latest version (including all the revision of the list) applies to this document.
GB/T 5226.32-2017 Electrical Safety of Machinery Electrical Equipment of Machinery Part 32: Technical Conditions of Hoisting Machinery (IEC 60204-32: 2008, IDT)
ISO3744 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3864-1 Graphical Symbols - Safety Colors and Safety Signs - Part 1: Design Principles for Safety Signs and Safety Signs
(Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and
safety markings )
ISO 4302 Crane - Wind load assessment
ISO 4306-1 Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 1: General
ISO 4310 Cranes - Test code and procedures
ISO 4413 Hydraulic fluid power - General rules relating to systems
ISO 5353 Earth moving machinery and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Seat index point
ISO 7752-1 Cranes Control Layout and Characteristics - Part 1: General principles
ISO 8566-1 Cranes Cabins and Control Stations - Part 1: General
ISO 8566-2 Crane Cab Part 2: Mobile Cranes
ISO 10245-1 Cranes - Limiting and indicating devices - Part 1: General
3 Terms and definitions
The terms defined in ISO 4306-1 and ISO 12100 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1
Truck-mounted crane loader crane
A crane, usually mounted on a chassis (including a trailer), which is powered by a turntable above the base and a boom system fixed to the top of the turntable, and which is used for the loading and unloading of goods.
Note 1: Commercial vehicles, as defined in ISO 3833;1999, are motor vehicles used primarily for the transport of goods and may also be used for towing trailers. An example of a truck-mounted crane mounted on a commercial vehicle is shown in ISO 4306-2:2012, Figure 9.
Note 2: Cranes mounted on other types of chassis or fixed bases are also considered to be truck-mounted cranes.
Note 3:Examples of construction forms and installation of truck-mounted cranes with different boom systems are shown in Appendix B.
[Source: ISO 4306-2:2012, 5.2, source definition does not include Note 3]
4 Safety and protective measures requirements
Truck-mounted cranes shall comply with the safety and protective measures requirements in this chapter. In addition, for relevant but non-significant hazards not covered by this document, the crane shall be designed in accordance with the relevant principles of ISO 12100.
4.1 Calculation of the rated lifting capacity
The rated lifting capacity shall be calculated in accordance with the following:
a) the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder
b) the load area of the hydraulic cylinder;
c) kinematics;
d) self-weight;
e) load combination;
f) Lifting load.
For calculation purposes, the rated lifting capacity is equal to the total lifting capacity.
4.2 Structural calculations
4.2.1 Information to be provided in the calculation
The following information shall be provided in the calculation:
a) type of crane and method of operation
b) The set values for all loads or working cycles;
c) information on the load carrying system, including the outline drawing and main dimensions, reflecting the actual working conditions;
d) Load setting conditions, including maximum crane inclination;
e) hoisting condition levels, hoisting mechanism operating levels and stress history levels or stress history parameters; and
f) component and connection materials;
g) shape, dimensions and static cross-sectional values of the load-bearing components;
h) analysis of the structural components and important connections separately.
4.3 Stress analysis
It is appropriate to assess the capacity of steel structures in accordance with ISO 20332, but other advanced and recognised standards consistent with similar principles may also be used. If the standard is based on the permissible stress calculation method, the sub-factors of safety (y ,) shown in Table 3 shall be used as an overall safety factor in the range 1 to 1.5. The fatigue working levels determined in accordance with ISO 20332 are shown in Appendix OO.
4.4 Arrangement of the truck-mounted crane
4.4.1 Outriggers
When the truck-mounted crane is mounted on a chassis, outriggers shall be provided if stability requirements are to be met (see 4.10.3).
4.4.1.1 Vertical outriggers
Vertical outriggers shall be provided with ground support (e.g. footplate). The footplate should be able to accommodate a ground inclination of at least 10°. For the main legs, the maximum ground pressure (P) should be calculated according to equation (5):
4.5 Hydraulic systems
4.5.1 General rules
The hydraulic system and its components shall conform to the provisions of ISO 4413.
Hydraulic components and piping shall be of such a diameter that the hydraulic system operates at the set operating pressure (including test pressure) without failures and excessive temperatures.
All hydraulic components in the hydraulic system should be matched to each other and to the hydraulic oil in the particular environment. The hydraulic system should have a filtering device to ensure that the hydraulic oil is not contaminated.
There should be a device for checking the pressure in each hydraulic circuit.
Pressure and flow control devices or their accessories should be equipped with anti-tampering devices to prevent possible hazards in the event of unauthorised modifications to pressure or flow. If modifications or adjustments are likely to be dangerous, appropriate means shall be used to lock the settings of the adjustable components or their accessories.
4.5.2 Pumps
The pump shall be capable of meeting the flow and pressure requirements specified for the truck mounted crane hydraulic system at the specified speed. The pump specification and rated speed should be matched to the power.
Note:See Appendix M for pump specification selection.The pump shall be adaptable to the hydraulic oil requirements.
4.6 Limiters and indicators
4.6.1 General rules
Limiters and indicators shall conform to the requirements of ISO 10245-1. The safety-related components of the limiting and indicating system shall comply with the requirements of ISO 13849-1.
4.6.2 Rated lifting capacity indicators
All truck-mounted cranes, other than log cranes and scrap recycling cranes, shall be equipped with a rated lifting capacity indicator.
The rated weight indicator shall be capable of giving the operator a visual or audible warning signal, or both, if the lifting capacity is greater than 90% of the rated capacity. If the rated lifting capacity is exceeded or when the rated lifting capacity limiter (if fitted) is in operation, there shall be a separate alarm signal to warn the operator and persons in the vicinity of the crane of the overload.
The alarm signal for approaching the rated lifting capacity and the overload alarm signal should be clearly distinguishable for the persons concerned. Both signals should be continuous.
An overload alarm signal is desirable when the working range is less than 12 m, except for wireless remote control.
4.6.3 Rated lifting capacity limiter
All cranes with a power-driven winch mechanism and all cranes with a rated lifting capacity of 1 000 kg or more, or with a maximum net lifting moment of 40 000 N-m or more, shall be equipped with a rated lifting capacity limiter. The rated lifting capacity shall be determined at each working range with the boom system horizontal.
5 Verification of safety and protective measures
5.1 General rules
Compliance of the design of the lorry crane with the safety requirements specified in chapter 4 shall be verified by means of calculations or tests. The manufacturer of the truck-mounted crane shall verify the safety of the mechanical strength on the first crane of the same type of batch. Each truck-mounted crane shall be tested and verified in accordance with the safety requirements in this document before it is used for the first time.
The safety requirements listed in Chapter 4 shall be verified by the method described in Table 4 and the test procedure described in 5.2. Limiters and indicators shall be calibrated using the manufacturer's specified lifting capacity, crane configuration and method.
The crane shall be provided with the information required in chapter 6 before it is put into service.
6 Information for use
6.1 General rules
All information for use shall be in accordance with ISO 12100.
6.2 Instruction manuals
6.2.1 Provisions for instruction manuals
The manufacturer of the truck-mounted crane shall provide instructions which shall comply with the relevant requirements specified in this clause.
Appendix A (informative) list of significant hazards
Appendix B (informative) Examples of crane construction forms and installation
Appendix C (informative) Instructions
Appendix D (informative) Examples of movements to be prevented in case of overload
Appendix E (normative) Additional requirements for wireless remote controls and control systems
Appendix F (normative) Symbols for operating and setting functions
Appendix G (informative) Ground handling systems for vertical arrangements
Appendix H (Informative) Horizontally arranged ground handling system
Appendix I (Informative) Manoeuvring system for high seats and remote control
Appendix J (normative) Crane operating room with lifting moment of 250 kN-m and below mounted on the chassis
Appendix K (informative) Example of a high level console
Appendix L (prescriptive) Handrails and handles, climbing ladders and steps for high level consoles
Appendix M (Informative) Truck-mounted crane installation
Appendix N (normative) Noise related user information
Appendix О (informative) Stress history parameters (s) and stress history levels (S)
Appendix NA (informative) National documents with consistent correspondence to normatively referenced international documents
Bibliography
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety and protective measures requirements
5 Verification of safety and protective measures
6 Information for use
Appendix A (informative) list of significant hazards
Appendix B (informative) Examples of crane construction forms and installation
Appendix C (informative) Instructions
Appendix D (informative) Examples of movements to be prevented in case of overload
Appendix E (normative) Additional requirements for wireless remote controls and control systems
Appendix F (normative) Symbols for operating and setting functions
Appendix G (informative) Ground handling systems for vertical arrangements
Appendix H (Informative) Horizontally arranged ground handling system
Appendix I (Informative) Manoeuvring system for high seats and remote control
Appendix J (normative) Crane operating room with lifting moment of 250 kN-m and below mounted on the chassis
Appendix K (informative) Example of a high level console
Appendix L (prescriptive) Handrails and handles, climbing ladders and steps for high level consoles
Appendix M (Informative) Truck-mounted crane installation
Appendix N (normative) Noise related user information
Appendix O (informative) Stress history parameters (s) and stress history levels (S)
Appendix NA (informative) National documents with consistent correspondence to normatively referenced international documents
Bibliography
Standard
GB/T 26473-2021 Cranes—Safety requirements for loader cranes (English Version)
1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum requirements for the design, calculation, inspection and installation of truck-mounted cranes on chassis or fixed chassis.
This document applies to all new truck-mounted cranes produced one year after its publication. No modifications to existing truck mounted cranes are required. This document does not apply to truck-mounted cranes mounted on the deck of a ship or on a floating structure, or to ammonium jib cranes specifically designed as an integral part of specialised equipment (travelling equipment with load).
This document covers all significant hazards, hazardous conditions or hazardous events associated with truck-mounted cranes other than manned hazards, but does not include hazards associated with irregularities and mishandling foreseeable by the manufacturer. The list of significant hazards is shown in Appendix A.
Note: Special national regulations may be applied when the truck-mounted crane is used to carry people.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, note the date of the reference documents, only the date of the corresponding version applies to this document; not note the date of the reference documents, the latest version (including all the revision of the list) applies to this document.
GB/T 5226.32-2017 Electrical Safety of Machinery Electrical Equipment of Machinery Part 32: Technical Conditions of Hoisting Machinery (IEC 60204-32: 2008, IDT)
ISO3744 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3864-1 Graphical Symbols - Safety Colors and Safety Signs - Part 1: Design Principles for Safety Signs and Safety Signs
(Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and
safety markings )
ISO 4302 Crane - Wind load assessment
ISO 4306-1 Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 1: General
ISO 4310 Cranes - Test code and procedures
ISO 4413 Hydraulic fluid power - General rules relating to systems
ISO 5353 Earth moving machinery and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Seat index point
ISO 7752-1 Cranes Control Layout and Characteristics - Part 1: General principles
ISO 8566-1 Cranes Cabins and Control Stations - Part 1: General
ISO 8566-2 Crane Cab Part 2: Mobile Cranes
ISO 10245-1 Cranes - Limiting and indicating devices - Part 1: General
3 Terms and definitions
The terms defined in ISO 4306-1 and ISO 12100 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1
Truck-mounted crane loader crane
A crane, usually mounted on a chassis (including a trailer), which is powered by a turntable above the base and a boom system fixed to the top of the turntable, and which is used for the loading and unloading of goods.
Note 1: Commercial vehicles, as defined in ISO 3833;1999, are motor vehicles used primarily for the transport of goods and may also be used for towing trailers. An example of a truck-mounted crane mounted on a commercial vehicle is shown in ISO 4306-2:2012, Figure 9.
Note 2: Cranes mounted on other types of chassis or fixed bases are also considered to be truck-mounted cranes.
Note 3:Examples of construction forms and installation of truck-mounted cranes with different boom systems are shown in Appendix B.
[Source: ISO 4306-2:2012, 5.2, source definition does not include Note 3]
4 Safety and protective measures requirements
Truck-mounted cranes shall comply with the safety and protective measures requirements in this chapter. In addition, for relevant but non-significant hazards not covered by this document, the crane shall be designed in accordance with the relevant principles of ISO 12100.
4.1 Calculation of the rated lifting capacity
The rated lifting capacity shall be calculated in accordance with the following:
a) the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder
b) the load area of the hydraulic cylinder;
c) kinematics;
d) self-weight;
e) load combination;
f) Lifting load.
For calculation purposes, the rated lifting capacity is equal to the total lifting capacity.
4.2 Structural calculations
4.2.1 Information to be provided in the calculation
The following information shall be provided in the calculation:
a) type of crane and method of operation
b) The set values for all loads or working cycles;
c) information on the load carrying system, including the outline drawing and main dimensions, reflecting the actual working conditions;
d) Load setting conditions, including maximum crane inclination;
e) hoisting condition levels, hoisting mechanism operating levels and stress history levels or stress history parameters; and
f) component and connection materials;
g) shape, dimensions and static cross-sectional values of the load-bearing components;
h) analysis of the structural components and important connections separately.
4.3 Stress analysis
It is appropriate to assess the capacity of steel structures in accordance with ISO 20332, but other advanced and recognised standards consistent with similar principles may also be used. If the standard is based on the permissible stress calculation method, the sub-factors of safety (y ,) shown in Table 3 shall be used as an overall safety factor in the range 1 to 1.5. The fatigue working levels determined in accordance with ISO 20332 are shown in Appendix OO.
4.4 Arrangement of the truck-mounted crane
4.4.1 Outriggers
When the truck-mounted crane is mounted on a chassis, outriggers shall be provided if stability requirements are to be met (see 4.10.3).
4.4.1.1 Vertical outriggers
Vertical outriggers shall be provided with ground support (e.g. footplate). The footplate should be able to accommodate a ground inclination of at least 10°. For the main legs, the maximum ground pressure (P) should be calculated according to equation (5):
4.5 Hydraulic systems
4.5.1 General rules
The hydraulic system and its components shall conform to the provisions of ISO 4413.
Hydraulic components and piping shall be of such a diameter that the hydraulic system operates at the set operating pressure (including test pressure) without failures and excessive temperatures.
All hydraulic components in the hydraulic system should be matched to each other and to the hydraulic oil in the particular environment. The hydraulic system should have a filtering device to ensure that the hydraulic oil is not contaminated.
There should be a device for checking the pressure in each hydraulic circuit.
Pressure and flow control devices or their accessories should be equipped with anti-tampering devices to prevent possible hazards in the event of unauthorised modifications to pressure or flow. If modifications or adjustments are likely to be dangerous, appropriate means shall be used to lock the settings of the adjustable components or their accessories.
4.5.2 Pumps
The pump shall be capable of meeting the flow and pressure requirements specified for the truck mounted crane hydraulic system at the specified speed. The pump specification and rated speed should be matched to the power.
Note:See Appendix M for pump specification selection.The pump shall be adaptable to the hydraulic oil requirements.
4.6 Limiters and indicators
4.6.1 General rules
Limiters and indicators shall conform to the requirements of ISO 10245-1. The safety-related components of the limiting and indicating system shall comply with the requirements of ISO 13849-1.
4.6.2 Rated lifting capacity indicators
All truck-mounted cranes, other than log cranes and scrap recycling cranes, shall be equipped with a rated lifting capacity indicator.
The rated weight indicator shall be capable of giving the operator a visual or audible warning signal, or both, if the lifting capacity is greater than 90% of the rated capacity. If the rated lifting capacity is exceeded or when the rated lifting capacity limiter (if fitted) is in operation, there shall be a separate alarm signal to warn the operator and persons in the vicinity of the crane of the overload.
The alarm signal for approaching the rated lifting capacity and the overload alarm signal should be clearly distinguishable for the persons concerned. Both signals should be continuous.
An overload alarm signal is desirable when the working range is less than 12 m, except for wireless remote control.
4.6.3 Rated lifting capacity limiter
All cranes with a power-driven winch mechanism and all cranes with a rated lifting capacity of 1 000 kg or more, or with a maximum net lifting moment of 40 000 N-m or more, shall be equipped with a rated lifting capacity limiter. The rated lifting capacity shall be determined at each working range with the boom system horizontal.
5 Verification of safety and protective measures
5.1 General rules
Compliance of the design of the lorry crane with the safety requirements specified in chapter 4 shall be verified by means of calculations or tests. The manufacturer of the truck-mounted crane shall verify the safety of the mechanical strength on the first crane of the same type of batch. Each truck-mounted crane shall be tested and verified in accordance with the safety requirements in this document before it is used for the first time.
The safety requirements listed in Chapter 4 shall be verified by the method described in Table 4 and the test procedure described in 5.2. Limiters and indicators shall be calibrated using the manufacturer's specified lifting capacity, crane configuration and method.
The crane shall be provided with the information required in chapter 6 before it is put into service.
6 Information for use
6.1 General rules
All information for use shall be in accordance with ISO 12100.
6.2 Instruction manuals
6.2.1 Provisions for instruction manuals
The manufacturer of the truck-mounted crane shall provide instructions which shall comply with the relevant requirements specified in this clause.
Appendix A (informative) list of significant hazards
Appendix B (informative) Examples of crane construction forms and installation
Appendix C (informative) Instructions
Appendix D (informative) Examples of movements to be prevented in case of overload
Appendix E (normative) Additional requirements for wireless remote controls and control systems
Appendix F (normative) Symbols for operating and setting functions
Appendix G (informative) Ground handling systems for vertical arrangements
Appendix H (Informative) Horizontally arranged ground handling system
Appendix I (Informative) Manoeuvring system for high seats and remote control
Appendix J (normative) Crane operating room with lifting moment of 250 kN-m and below mounted on the chassis
Appendix K (informative) Example of a high level console
Appendix L (prescriptive) Handrails and handles, climbing ladders and steps for high level consoles
Appendix M (Informative) Truck-mounted crane installation
Appendix N (normative) Noise related user information
Appendix О (informative) Stress history parameters (s) and stress history levels (S)
Appendix NA (informative) National documents with consistent correspondence to normatively referenced international documents
Bibliography
Contents of GB/T 26473-2021
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety and protective measures requirements
5 Verification of safety and protective measures
6 Information for use
Appendix A (informative) list of significant hazards
Appendix B (informative) Examples of crane construction forms and installation
Appendix C (informative) Instructions
Appendix D (informative) Examples of movements to be prevented in case of overload
Appendix E (normative) Additional requirements for wireless remote controls and control systems
Appendix F (normative) Symbols for operating and setting functions
Appendix G (informative) Ground handling systems for vertical arrangements
Appendix H (Informative) Horizontally arranged ground handling system
Appendix I (Informative) Manoeuvring system for high seats and remote control
Appendix J (normative) Crane operating room with lifting moment of 250 kN-m and below mounted on the chassis
Appendix K (informative) Example of a high level console
Appendix L (prescriptive) Handrails and handles, climbing ladders and steps for high level consoles
Appendix M (Informative) Truck-mounted crane installation
Appendix N (normative) Noise related user information
Appendix O (informative) Stress history parameters (s) and stress history levels (S)
Appendix NA (informative) National documents with consistent correspondence to normatively referenced international documents
Bibliography
