木质平托盘 通用技术要求
Wooden flat pallet - General technical requirement
1 范围
1 Scope
本文件规定了木质平托盘的样式和结构、要求、试验方法、检验规则，以及标志、包装、运输与贮存等内容。
This document specifies the styles and structure, requirements, test methods, inspection rules, and marking, packaging, transportation and storage of wooden flat pallets.
本文件适用于重复使用的木质平托盘的设计、生产和检验，一次性使用的木质平托盘也可参照使用。
This document is applicable to the design, production, and inspection of reusable wooden flat pallets, and may serve as a reference for disposable wooden flat pallets.
2 规范性引用文件
2 Normative references
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1931 木材含水率测定方法
Method for determination of the moisture content of wood
GB/T 1935 木材顺纹抗压强度试验方法
Method of testing in compressive strength parallel to grain of wood
GB/T 1936.1 木材抗弯强度试验方法
Method of testing in bending strength of wood
GB/T 1938 木材顺纹抗拉强度试验方法
Method of testing in tensile strength parallel to grain of wood
GB/T 2828.1 计数抽样检验程序 第1部分：按接收质量限（AQL）检索的逐批检验抽样计划
Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
GB/T 2934 联运通用平托盘 主要尺寸及公差
General-purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods - Principal dimensions and tolerances
GB/T 3716 托盘术语
Pallets for materials handling - Vocabulary
GB/T 4823 锯材缺陷
Defects in sawn timber
GB/T 4995 联运通用平托盘 性能要求和试验选择
General-purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods - Performance requirements and selection of tests
GB/T 4996 联运通用平托盘 试验方法
General-purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods - Test methods
GB/T 17657 人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法
Test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels
GB/T 23898 木质平托盘用人造板
Wood-based panel for wooden flat pallets
GB/T 27704 钢钉
Steel nails
3 术语和定义
3 Terms and definitions
GB/T 3716和GB/T 4996界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 3716 and GB/T 4996 as well as the following apply.
3.1
平托盘
flat pallet
无上部结构的托盘。
pallet without superstructure
3.2
木质平托盘
wooden flat pallet
由木材、人造板等木质材料制成的平托盘。
flat pallet made of wooden materials such as wood and wood-based panels
3.3
锯材
sawn timber
原木经制材加工得到的产品。
product obtained by processing logs through sawing operations
3.4
刨花垫块
composite chipboard block
由木质碎料加胶粘剂搅拌后，经热压成型制得的托盘用垫块。
block used for pallets, formed by hot-pressing a mixture of wood particles and adhesive after stirring
4 样式和结构
4 Styles and structure
4.1 样式
4.1 Styles
木质平托盘的样式如下。
The styles of wooden flat pallets are as follows:
长纵梁板式——纵梁板长度沿托盘的长度方向，单面使用，四向进叉，紧密对接边板，纵梁板与底铺板同方向，见图1a）。
Long-stringerboard pallet——Non-reversible four-way pallet with butted lead boards, with the length of the stringerboards running along the length of the pallet, and the stringerboards and bottom decks being oriented in the same direction, as shown in Figure 1a).
短纵梁板式——纵梁板长度沿托盘的宽度方向，单面使用，四向进叉，纵梁板长度方向与底铺板长度方向在空间上呈垂直状态，见图1b）。
Short-stringerboard pallet——Non-reversible four-way pallet, with the length of the stringerboards running along the width of the pallet, and the stringerboards and bottom decks being arranged perpendicular to each other in space in terms of their length directions, as shown in Figure 1b).
周底式——纵梁板长度沿托盘的长度方向，单面使用，四向进叉，紧密对接边板，底铺板为日字形的周底托盘，见图1c）。
Perimeter-base pallet——Non-reversible four-way perimeter-base pallet with butted lead boards, with the length of the stringerboards running along the length of the pallet, and the bottom decks being arranged in a "H"-shaped pattern, as shown in Figure 1c).
双面式——双面使用，两向进叉，紧密对接边板，见图1d）。
Reversible pallet: Reversible two-way pallet with butted lead boards, as shown in Figure 1d).
目次
Contents
前言 II
Foreword II
1 范围
1 Scope
2 规范性引用文件
2 Normative references
3 术语和定义
3 Terms and definitions
4 样式和结构
4 Styles and structure
5 要求
5 Requirements
6 试验方法
6 Test methods
7 检验规则
7 Inspection rules
8 标志、包装、运输与贮存
8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
附录A （规范性） 刨花垫块
Annex A (Normative) Composite chipboard blocks
附录B （规范性） 木质平托盘部件尺寸及公差
Annex B (Normative) Dimensions and tolerances of components in wooden flat pallets
附录C （资料性） 常用木质平托盘布钉示意图
Annex C (Informative) Schematic diagrams of nail arrangement for commonly used wooden flat pallets
参考文献
Bibliography
木质平托盘 通用技术要求
Wooden flat pallet - General technical requirement
1 范围
1 Scope
本文件规定了木质平托盘的样式和结构、要求、试验方法、检验规则，以及标志、包装、运输与贮存等内容。
This document specifies the styles and structure, requirements, test methods, inspection rules, and marking, packaging, transportation and storage of wooden flat pallets.
本文件适用于重复使用的木质平托盘的设计、生产和检验，一次性使用的木质平托盘也可参照使用。
This document is applicable to the design, production, and inspection of reusable wooden flat pallets, and may serve as a reference for disposable wooden flat pallets.
2 规范性引用文件
2 Normative references
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1931 木材含水率测定方法
Method for determination of the moisture content of wood
GB/T 1935 木材顺纹抗压强度试验方法
Method of testing in compressive strength parallel to grain of wood
GB/T 1936.1 木材抗弯强度试验方法
Method of testing in bending strength of wood
GB/T 1938 木材顺纹抗拉强度试验方法
Method of testing in tensile strength parallel to grain of wood
GB/T 2828.1 计数抽样检验程序 第1部分：按接收质量限（AQL）检索的逐批检验抽样计划
Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
GB/T 2934 联运通用平托盘 主要尺寸及公差
General-purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods - Principal dimensions and tolerances
GB/T 3716 托盘术语
Pallets for materials handling - Vocabulary
GB/T 4823 锯材缺陷
Defects in sawn timber
GB/T 4995 联运通用平托盘 性能要求和试验选择
General-purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods - Performance requirements and selection of tests
GB/T 4996 联运通用平托盘 试验方法
General-purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods - Test methods
GB/T 17657 人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法
Test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels
GB/T 23898 木质平托盘用人造板
Wood-based panel for wooden flat pallets
GB/T 27704 钢钉
Steel nails
3 术语和定义
3 Terms and definitions
GB/T 3716和GB/T 4996界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 3716 and GB/T 4996 as well as the following apply.
3.1
平托盘
flat pallet
无上部结构的托盘。
pallet without superstructure
3.2
木质平托盘
wooden flat pallet
由木材、人造板等木质材料制成的平托盘。
flat pallet made of wooden materials such as wood and wood-based panels
3.3
锯材
sawn timber
原木经制材加工得到的产品。
product obtained by processing logs through sawing operations
3.4
刨花垫块
composite chipboard block
由木质碎料加胶粘剂搅拌后，经热压成型制得的托盘用垫块。
block used for pallets, formed by hot-pressing a mixture of wood particles and adhesive after stirring
4 样式和结构
4 Styles and structure
4.1 样式
4.1 Styles
木质平托盘的样式如下。
The styles of wooden flat pallets are as follows:
长纵梁板式——纵梁板长度沿托盘的长度方向，单面使用，四向进叉，紧密对接边板，纵梁板与底铺板同方向，见图1a）。
Long-stringerboard pallet——Non-reversible four-way pallet with butted lead boards, with the length of the stringerboards running along the length of the pallet, and the stringerboards and bottom decks being oriented in the same direction, as shown in Figure 1a).
短纵梁板式——纵梁板长度沿托盘的宽度方向，单面使用，四向进叉，纵梁板长度方向与底铺板长度方向在空间上呈垂直状态，见图1b）。
Short-stringerboard pallet——Non-reversible four-way pallet, with the length of the stringerboards running along the width of the pallet, and the stringerboards and bottom decks being arranged perpendicular to each other in space in terms of their length directions, as shown in Figure 1b).
周底式——纵梁板长度沿托盘的长度方向，单面使用，四向进叉，紧密对接边板，底铺板为日字形的周底托盘，见图1c）。
Perimeter-base pallet——Non-reversible four-way perimeter-base pallet with butted lead boards, with the length of the stringerboards running along the length of the pallet, and the bottom decks being arranged in a "H"-shaped pattern, as shown in Figure 1c).
双面式——双面使用，两向进叉，紧密对接边板，见图1d）。
Reversible pallet: Reversible two-way pallet with butted lead boards, as shown in Figure 1d).
Contents of GB/T 31148-2022
目次
Contents
前言 II
Foreword II
1 范围
1 Scope
2 规范性引用文件
2 Normative references
3 术语和定义
3 Terms and definitions
4 样式和结构
4 Styles and structure
5 要求
5 Requirements
6 试验方法
6 Test methods
7 检验规则
7 Inspection rules
8 标志、包装、运输与贮存
8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
附录A （规范性） 刨花垫块
Annex A (Normative) Composite chipboard blocks
附录B （规范性） 木质平托盘部件尺寸及公差
Annex B (Normative) Dimensions and tolerances of components in wooden flat pallets
附录C （资料性） 常用木质平托盘布钉示意图
Annex C (Informative) Schematic diagrams of nail arrangement for commonly used wooden flat pallets
参考文献
Bibliography
