GB/T 32509-2025 General specification for vanadium flow battery
1 Scope
This document specifies the usage conditions, technical requirements, inspection rules, marking, instructions for use, packaging, transportation and storage of vanadium flow battery, and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to the research and development, production, manufacturing and testing of vanadium flow battery (hereinafter referred to as "battery").
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 9969 General principles for preparation of instructions for use of industrial products
GB/T 29840 Vanadium flow battery - Terminology
GB/T 33339-2025 Vanadium flow battery system - Test method
NB/T 42134 Technological specification of battery management system for vanadium flow battery
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 29840 and the following ones apply.
3.1
vanadium flow battery; VFB
vanadium flow battery system
energy storage device that realizes the mutual conversion of electric energy and chemical energy through the electrochemical reaction of vanadium ions with different valence in positive and negative electrolyte
Note: Vanadium flow battery is mainly composed of power unit (stacks or modules), energy storage unit (electrolyte and storage tank), electrolyte delivery unit (pipeline, valve, pump, heat exchanger, etc.) and battery management system, etc. They do not include charging and discharging equipment.
[Source: GB/T 29840-2013, 2.1]
3.2
rated charging capacity
charging energy that a battery can achieve under specified test conditions and test methods
Note: The rated charging energy is in watt-hours (Wh), kilowatt-hours (kWh), or megawatt-hours (MWh).
3.3
rated discharging capacity
discharging energy that a battery can achieve under specified test conditions and test methods
Note: The rated discharging energy is in watt-hours (Wh), kilowatt-hours (kWh), or megawatt-hours (MWh).
3.4
rated energy efficiency
ratio of discharging energy of battery to charging energy under specified test conditions and test methods
Note: Rated energy efficiency is expressed as a percentage (%).
3.5
range coefficient of fuel cell stack
ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the voltages of all battery stacks under specified test conditions and test methods to the average value
Note: The range coefficient of fuel cell stack is expressed as a percentage (%).
4 Environmental conditions
Environmental conditions shall meet the following requirements:
a) Temperature: -30°C to 40 ℃;
b) Relative humidity: 5% to 95%;
c) Altitude: ≤ 2 000m.
Note 1: The temperature range of electrolyte is determined by the manufacturer based on the characteristics of the electrolyte.
Note 2: The range of use beyond environmental conditions shall be determined through negotiation between the manufacturer and the user.
5 Technical requirements
5.1. Appearance
Appearance shall meet the following requirements:
a) The appearance surface shall be kept clean, free from electrolyte leakage or seepage, structural damage, and oxidation and corrosion at electrical contact points.
b) The product logo is prominently displayed on the outside, as shown in 8.1.
5.2 Electrical performance
5.2.1 Rated energy efficiency
The rated energy efficiency of battery shall meet the following requirements:
— For a battery with a rated power less than 50kW, the rated energy efficiency shall not be less than 65%;
— For a battery with a rated power of 50kW to 150kW, the rated energy efficiency shall not be less than 68%;
— For a battery with a rated power greater than 150kW, the rated energy efficiency shall be greater than 70%.
5.2.2 Rated charging capacity
The charging capacity of battery shall not be less than the rated charging capacity specified in the product's nominal specification.
5.2.3 Rated discharging capacity
The discharging capacity of battery shall not be less than the rated discharging capacity specified in the product's nominal specification.
5.2.4 Charging overload capacity
Charging overload capacity shall meet the following requirements:
a) For batteries with a maximum charging time of 100min or more at rated power, when charging at 1.1 times the rated power, the charging time shall be no less than 10min; when charging at 1.2 times the rated power, the charging time shall be no less than 1min;
b) For batteries with a maximum charging time of less than 100min at rated power, the charging time at 1.1 times the rated power shall be no less than 10% of the total charging time, and the charging time at 1.2 times the rated power shall be no less than 1% of the total charging time.
5.2.5 Discharging overload capacity
Discharging overload capacity shall meet the following requirements:
a) For batteries with a maximum charging time of 100min or more at rated power, when discharging at 1.1 times the rated power, the discharging time shall be no less than 10min; when discharging at 1.2 times the rated power, the discharging time shall be no less than 1min;
b) For batteries with a maximum discharging time of less than 100min at rated power, the discharging time at 1.1 times the rated power shall be no less than 10% of the total charging time, and the discharging time at 1.2 times the rated power shall be no less than 1% of the total charging time.
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Environmental conditions
5 Technical requirements
6 Test methods
7 Inspection rules
8 Marking and instructions for use
9 Packaging, transportation and storage
GB/T 32509-2025 General specification for vanadium flow battery
1 Scope
This document specifies the usage conditions, technical requirements, inspection rules, marking, instructions for use, packaging, transportation and storage of vanadium flow battery, and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to the research and development, production, manufacturing and testing of vanadium flow battery (hereinafter referred to as "battery").
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 9969 General principles for preparation of instructions for use of industrial products
GB/T 29840 Vanadium flow battery - Terminology
GB/T 33339-2025 Vanadium flow battery system - Test method
NB/T 42134 Technological specification of battery management system for vanadium flow battery
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 29840 and the following ones apply.
3.1
vanadium flow battery; VFB
vanadium flow battery system
energy storage device that realizes the mutual conversion of electric energy and chemical energy through the electrochemical reaction of vanadium ions with different valence in positive and negative electrolyte
Note: Vanadium flow battery is mainly composed of power unit (stacks or modules), energy storage unit (electrolyte and storage tank), electrolyte delivery unit (pipeline, valve, pump, heat exchanger, etc.) and battery management system, etc. They do not include charging and discharging equipment.
[Source: GB/T 29840-2013, 2.1]
3.2
rated charging capacity
charging energy that a battery can achieve under specified test conditions and test methods
Note: The rated charging energy is in watt-hours (Wh), kilowatt-hours (kWh), or megawatt-hours (MWh).
3.3
rated discharging capacity
discharging energy that a battery can achieve under specified test conditions and test methods
Note: The rated discharging energy is in watt-hours (Wh), kilowatt-hours (kWh), or megawatt-hours (MWh).
3.4
rated energy efficiency
ratio of discharging energy of battery to charging energy under specified test conditions and test methods
Note: Rated energy efficiency is expressed as a percentage (%).
3.5
range coefficient of fuel cell stack
ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the voltages of all battery stacks under specified test conditions and test methods to the average value
Note: The range coefficient of fuel cell stack is expressed as a percentage (%).
4 Environmental conditions
Environmental conditions shall meet the following requirements:
a) Temperature: -30°C to 40 ℃;
b) Relative humidity: 5% to 95%;
c) Altitude: ≤ 2 000m.
Note 1: The temperature range of electrolyte is determined by the manufacturer based on the characteristics of the electrolyte.
Note 2: The range of use beyond environmental conditions shall be determined through negotiation between the manufacturer and the user.
5 Technical requirements
5.1. Appearance
Appearance shall meet the following requirements:
a) The appearance surface shall be kept clean, free from electrolyte leakage or seepage, structural damage, and oxidation and corrosion at electrical contact points.
b) The product logo is prominently displayed on the outside, as shown in 8.1.
5.2 Electrical performance
5.2.1 Rated energy efficiency
The rated energy efficiency of battery shall meet the following requirements:
— For a battery with a rated power less than 50kW, the rated energy efficiency shall not be less than 65%;
— For a battery with a rated power of 50kW to 150kW, the rated energy efficiency shall not be less than 68%;
— For a battery with a rated power greater than 150kW, the rated energy efficiency shall be greater than 70%.
5.2.2 Rated charging capacity
The charging capacity of battery shall not be less than the rated charging capacity specified in the product's nominal specification.
5.2.3 Rated discharging capacity
The discharging capacity of battery shall not be less than the rated discharging capacity specified in the product's nominal specification.
5.2.4 Charging overload capacity
Charging overload capacity shall meet the following requirements:
a) For batteries with a maximum charging time of 100min or more at rated power, when charging at 1.1 times the rated power, the charging time shall be no less than 10min; when charging at 1.2 times the rated power, the charging time shall be no less than 1min;
b) For batteries with a maximum charging time of less than 100min at rated power, the charging time at 1.1 times the rated power shall be no less than 10% of the total charging time, and the charging time at 1.2 times the rated power shall be no less than 1% of the total charging time.
5.2.5 Discharging overload capacity
Discharging overload capacity shall meet the following requirements:
a) For batteries with a maximum charging time of 100min or more at rated power, when discharging at 1.1 times the rated power, the discharging time shall be no less than 10min; when discharging at 1.2 times the rated power, the discharging time shall be no less than 1min;
b) For batteries with a maximum discharging time of less than 100min at rated power, the discharging time at 1.1 times the rated power shall be no less than 10% of the total charging time, and the discharging time at 1.2 times the rated power shall be no less than 1% of the total charging time.
Contents of GB/T 32509-2025
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Environmental conditions
5 Technical requirements
6 Test methods
7 Inspection rules
8 Marking and instructions for use
9 Packaging, transportation and storage
