Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard is modified in relation to ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 Additive manufacturing - Design - Requirements, guidelines and recommendations.
Many structural adjustments have been made with respect to ISO/ASTM 52910:2018, and a cross reference table for the clause numbers of this standard and those of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 is listed in Annex A.
Technical differences have been made in this standard with respect to ISO/ASTM 52910:2018, and the technical differences and their reasons are given in Annex B.
In addition, the following editorial changes have been made with respect to ISO/ASTM 52910:2018:
——The “ASTM committee D20” in 6.4.4 of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 is replaced by “National Technical Committee on Plastic Products of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 48)” in 6.4.4 of this standard according to China's national conditions;
——The normative reference ISO/ASTM 52901 which is cited in 6.6.8 and 6.9.2 of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 but not listed in the normative references therein is added in Clause 2;
——The sentence “Also, it is important to note that standards are being developed for characterizing properties of feedstock materials, such as metal powders for powder bed fusion processes (see ASTM F3049-14).” in 6.7.1 of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 is deleted;
——The future standards and sentences "Comprehensive standards are emerging for classes of materials which would subsume some aspects of this section. For example, ASTM F3122-14 is a guide on evaluating mechanical properties of metal AM parts.”in 6.7.2.1 of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 is deleted;
——The normative reference ISO/ASTM 52900 which is cited in the text is deleted from the bibliography, and the normative reference GB/T 16288 which is referred to in the text is added.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 562 National Technical Committee on Additive Manufacturing of Standardization Administration of China.
Additive manufacturing - Design -
Requirements, guidelines and recommendations
Warning - This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems and may only cover issues related to safety use. The users are under the obligation to adopt proper safety and health measures prior to use and shall determine the applicability of limitations.
1 Scope
This standard gives requirements, guidelines and recommendations for using additive manufacturing (AM) in product design.
It is applicable during the design of all types of products, devices, systems, components or parts that are fabricated by any type of AM system.
This standard helps determine which design considerations can be utilized in a design project or to take advantage of the capabilities of an AM process.
General guidance on common issues is supported, but specific design solutions and process-specific or material-specific data are not supported.
The intended audience comprises three types of users:
——Designers who are designing products to be fabricated in an AM system and their managers;
——Students who are learning mechanical design and computer-aided design; and
——Developers of AM design guidelines and design guidance systems.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 228.1 Metallic Materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (GB/T 228.1-2010, ISO 6892-1:2009, MOD)
GB/T 1033.1 Plastics - Methods for determining density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion method liquid pyknometer method and titration method (GB/T 1033.1-2008, ISO 1183-1:2004, IDT)
GB/T 1034 Plastics - Determination of water absorption (GB/T 1034-2008, ISO 62:2008, IDT)
GB/T 1040.2 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics (GB/T 1040.2-2006, ISO 527-2:1993, IDT)
GB/T 1041 Plastics - Determination of compressive properties (GB/T 1041-2008, ISO 604:2002, IDT)
GB/T 1408.1 Insulating materials - Test methods for electric strength - Part 1: Test at power frequencies (GB/T 1408.1-2016, IEC 60243-1:2013, IDT)
GB/T 1409 Recommended methods for the determination of the permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor of electrical insulating materials at power, audio and radio frequencies including meter wavelengths (GB/T 1409-2006, IEC 60250:1969, MOD)
GB/T 1410 Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials (GB/T 1410-2006, IEC 60093:1980, IDT)
GB/T 1634.2 Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 2: Plastics, ebonite and long-fibre-reinforced composites (GB/T 1634.2-2004, ISO 75-2:2003, IDT)
GB/T 1843 Plastics - Determination of izod impact strength (GB/T 1843-2008, ISO 180:2000, IDT)
GB/T 2039 Metallic materials - Uniaxial creep testing method in tension (GB/T 2039-2012, ISO 204:2009, MOD)
GB/T 2408 Plastics - Determination of burning characteristics - Horizontal and vertical test (GB/T 2408-2008, IEC 60695-11-10:1999, IDT)
GB/T 2411 Plastics and ebonite - Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (shore hardness) (GB/T 2411-2008, ISO 868:2003, IDT)
GB/T 3398.2 Plastics - Determination of hardness - Part 2: Rockwell hardness (GB/T 3398.2-2008, ISO 2039-2:1987, IDT)
GB/T 4339 Test methods for thermal expansion characteristic parameters of metallic materials
GB/T 7314 Metallic materials - Compression test method at room temperature
GB/T 9341 Plastic - Determination of flexural properties (GB/T 9341-2008, ISO 178:2001, IDT)
GB/T 11546.1 Plastic - Determination of creep behaviour - Part 1: Tensile creep (GB/T 11546.1-2008, ISO 899-1:2003, IDT)
GB/T 35351 Additive manufacturing - Terminology
HG/T 3839 Testing methods for shear strength of plastics by punch tool
ISO/ASTM 52901 Additive manufacturing - General principles - Requirements for purchased AM parts
ISO/ASTM 52921 Additive manufacturing - Standard terminology for additive manufacturing - Coordinate systems and test methodologies
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions established in GB/T 35351 and ISO/ASTM 52921 and the following apply.
3.1
design consideration
consideration that can influence decisions made by a part designer
Note: The designer determines which considerations can affect the part being designed and takes appropriate action.
3.2
process chain
sequence of manufacturing processes that is necessary for the part to achieve all of its desired properties
4 Purpose
4.1 General
This standard provides requirements, guidelines and recommendations for designing parts and products to be produced by AM processes. The main elements include the following:
——The opportunities and design freedoms that AM offers designers (Clause 5);
——The issues that designers should consider when designing AM parts (Clause 6);
——Warnings to designers that indicate situations that often lead to problems in many AM systems (Clause 7).
4.2 Overall strategy of design for AM
Based on the representative process for designing mechanical parts for structural applications, the overall strategy of design for AM is illustrated in Figure 1, where cost is the primary decision criterion. The designer could replace cost with quality, delivery time, or other decision criterion, if applicable. In addition to technical considerations related to functional, mechanical or process characteristics, the designer should also consider risks associated with the selection of AM processes.
Figure 1 Overall strategy for design for AM
4.3 Identification of general AM potential
The process for identification of AM is illustrated in Figure 2. This is an expansion of the “identification of general AM potential” box of Figure 1. As illustrated, the main decision criteria focus on material selection, whether or not the size of the part fits within a machine’s build volume, and whether AM is particularly well suited for part characteristic (customization, lightweighting and complex geometry). These criteria are representative of many mechanical engineering applications for technical parts.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Purpose
5 Design opportunities and limitations
6 Design considerations
7 Warnings to designers
Annex A (Informative) Structural changes between ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 and this standard
Annex B (Informative) Technical differences and their causes between ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 and this standard
Bibliography
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard is modified in relation to ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 Additive manufacturing - Design - Requirements, guidelines and recommendations.
Many structural adjustments have been made with respect to ISO/ASTM 52910:2018, and a cross reference table for the clause numbers of this standard and those of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 is listed in Annex A.
Technical differences have been made in this standard with respect to ISO/ASTM 52910:2018, and the technical differences and their reasons are given in Annex B.
In addition, the following editorial changes have been made with respect to ISO/ASTM 52910:2018:
——The “ASTM committee D20” in 6.4.4 of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 is replaced by “National Technical Committee on Plastic Products of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 48)” in 6.4.4 of this standard according to China's national conditions;
——The normative reference ISO/ASTM 52901 which is cited in 6.6.8 and 6.9.2 of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 but not listed in the normative references therein is added in Clause 2;
——The sentence “Also, it is important to note that standards are being developed for characterizing properties of feedstock materials, such as metal powders for powder bed fusion processes (see ASTM F3049-14).” in 6.7.1 of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 is deleted;
——The future standards and sentences "Comprehensive standards are emerging for classes of materials which would subsume some aspects of this section. For example, ASTM F3122-14 is a guide on evaluating mechanical properties of metal AM parts.”in 6.7.2.1 of ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 is deleted;
——The normative reference ISO/ASTM 52900 which is cited in the text is deleted from the bibliography, and the normative reference GB/T 16288 which is referred to in the text is added.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 562 National Technical Committee on Additive Manufacturing of Standardization Administration of China.
Additive manufacturing - Design -
Requirements, guidelines and recommendations
Warning - This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems and may only cover issues related to safety use. The users are under the obligation to adopt proper safety and health measures prior to use and shall determine the applicability of limitations.
1 Scope
This standard gives requirements, guidelines and recommendations for using additive manufacturing (AM) in product design.
It is applicable during the design of all types of products, devices, systems, components or parts that are fabricated by any type of AM system.
This standard helps determine which design considerations can be utilized in a design project or to take advantage of the capabilities of an AM process.
General guidance on common issues is supported, but specific design solutions and process-specific or material-specific data are not supported.
The intended audience comprises three types of users:
——Designers who are designing products to be fabricated in an AM system and their managers;
——Students who are learning mechanical design and computer-aided design; and
——Developers of AM design guidelines and design guidance systems.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 228.1 Metallic Materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (GB/T 228.1-2010, ISO 6892-1:2009, MOD)
GB/T 1033.1 Plastics - Methods for determining density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion method liquid pyknometer method and titration method (GB/T 1033.1-2008, ISO 1183-1:2004, IDT)
GB/T 1034 Plastics - Determination of water absorption (GB/T 1034-2008, ISO 62:2008, IDT)
GB/T 1040.2 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics (GB/T 1040.2-2006, ISO 527-2:1993, IDT)
GB/T 1041 Plastics - Determination of compressive properties (GB/T 1041-2008, ISO 604:2002, IDT)
GB/T 1408.1 Insulating materials - Test methods for electric strength - Part 1: Test at power frequencies (GB/T 1408.1-2016, IEC 60243-1:2013, IDT)
GB/T 1409 Recommended methods for the determination of the permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor of electrical insulating materials at power, audio and radio frequencies including meter wavelengths (GB/T 1409-2006, IEC 60250:1969, MOD)
GB/T 1410 Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials (GB/T 1410-2006, IEC 60093:1980, IDT)
GB/T 1634.2 Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 2: Plastics, ebonite and long-fibre-reinforced composites (GB/T 1634.2-2004, ISO 75-2:2003, IDT)
GB/T 1843 Plastics - Determination of izod impact strength (GB/T 1843-2008, ISO 180:2000, IDT)
GB/T 2039 Metallic materials - Uniaxial creep testing method in tension (GB/T 2039-2012, ISO 204:2009, MOD)
GB/T 2408 Plastics - Determination of burning characteristics - Horizontal and vertical test (GB/T 2408-2008, IEC 60695-11-10:1999, IDT)
GB/T 2411 Plastics and ebonite - Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (shore hardness) (GB/T 2411-2008, ISO 868:2003, IDT)
GB/T 3398.2 Plastics - Determination of hardness - Part 2: Rockwell hardness (GB/T 3398.2-2008, ISO 2039-2:1987, IDT)
GB/T 4339 Test methods for thermal expansion characteristic parameters of metallic materials
GB/T 7314 Metallic materials - Compression test method at room temperature
GB/T 9341 Plastic - Determination of flexural properties (GB/T 9341-2008, ISO 178:2001, IDT)
GB/T 11546.1 Plastic - Determination of creep behaviour - Part 1: Tensile creep (GB/T 11546.1-2008, ISO 899-1:2003, IDT)
GB/T 35351 Additive manufacturing - Terminology
HG/T 3839 Testing methods for shear strength of plastics by punch tool
ISO/ASTM 52901 Additive manufacturing - General principles - Requirements for purchased AM parts
ISO/ASTM 52921 Additive manufacturing - Standard terminology for additive manufacturing - Coordinate systems and test methodologies
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions established in GB/T 35351 and ISO/ASTM 52921 and the following apply.
3.1
design consideration
consideration that can influence decisions made by a part designer
Note: The designer determines which considerations can affect the part being designed and takes appropriate action.
3.2
process chain
sequence of manufacturing processes that is necessary for the part to achieve all of its desired properties
4 Purpose
4.1 General
This standard provides requirements, guidelines and recommendations for designing parts and products to be produced by AM processes. The main elements include the following:
——The opportunities and design freedoms that AM offers designers (Clause 5);
——The issues that designers should consider when designing AM parts (Clause 6);
——Warnings to designers that indicate situations that often lead to problems in many AM systems (Clause 7).
4.2 Overall strategy of design for AM
Based on the representative process for designing mechanical parts for structural applications, the overall strategy of design for AM is illustrated in Figure 1, where cost is the primary decision criterion. The designer could replace cost with quality, delivery time, or other decision criterion, if applicable. In addition to technical considerations related to functional, mechanical or process characteristics, the designer should also consider risks associated with the selection of AM processes.
Figure 1 Overall strategy for design for AM
4.3 Identification of general AM potential
The process for identification of AM is illustrated in Figure 2. This is an expansion of the “identification of general AM potential” box of Figure 1. As illustrated, the main decision criteria focus on material selection, whether or not the size of the part fits within a machine’s build volume, and whether AM is particularly well suited for part characteristic (customization, lightweighting and complex geometry). These criteria are representative of many mechanical engineering applications for technical parts.
Contents of GB/T 37698-2019
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Purpose
5 Design opportunities and limitations
6 Design considerations
7 Warnings to designers
Annex A (Informative) Structural changes between ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 and this standard
Annex B (Informative) Technical differences and their causes between ISO/ASTM 52910:2018 and this standard
Bibliography
