Detail of GB/T 44217.11-2024

Introduction of GB/T 44217.11-2024

GB/T 44217.11-2024 Language resource management - Semantic annotation framework - Part 11: Measurable quantitative information(MQI) 1 Scope This document covers the measurable or magnitudinal aspect of quantity so that it can focus on the technical or practical use of measurements in IR (information retrieval), QA (question answering), TS (text summarization), and other NLP (natural language processing) applications. It is applicable to the domains of technology that carry more applicational relevance than some theoretical issues found in the ordinary use of language. This document also treats temporal durations that are discussed in ISO 24617-1, and spatial measures such as distances that are treated ISO 24617-7, while making them interoperable with other measure types. It also accommodates the treatment of measures or amounts that are introduced in ISO 24617-6:2016, 8.3. Note: ISO 24617-12 deals with more general and theoretical issues of quantification and quantitative information. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 24612, Language resource management - Linguistic annotation framework (LAF) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ——ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp ——IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/ 3.1 quantity property of a measurable object referring to its magnitude or multitude [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 1.1, modified.] 3.2 base quantity quantity (3.1) in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset Note: Kinds of quantities include seven base quantities defined by the International System of Quantities (ISQ). [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 1.4, modified.] 3.3 derived quantity quantity (3.1), in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities (3.2) of that system EXAMPLE: Speed is a derived quantity defined by length (distance) over time (LT -1 ), where length (L) and time (T) are base quantities. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2009, 1.5, modified.] 3.4 quantitative information; QI measurement associated with the quantity (3.1) of a measurable object 3.5 measurable quantitative information; MQI quantitative information (3.4) that can be expressed in unitized numeric terms 3.6 measurable quantitative information markup language markup language of measurable quantitative information quantitative markup language QML specification language for the annotation of measurable quantitative information (3.5) extractable from text or other medium types of language 3.7 measurement unit unit of measurement unit scalar basis, defined and adopted by convention, of measuring objects by multiplying their quantitative values expressed in real numbers Note: The expressions that are used in measurement such as “metre”, “litre”, and “µmol/kg” are units by the definition given above. The multitude expressions such as “bottles”, “boxes”, or “two” as in “two bottles of milk”, “a box of apples”, and “two coffees” sometimes fail to be regarded as units, but they can also be if they are accepted as units by convention or agreement in some communities. ISO 24617 SemAF Part 12: Quantification treats such multitude expressions as genuine units. [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 1.9, modified.] 3.8 base unit measurement unit (3.7) that is adopted by convention for a base quantity (3.2) Note: There are seven base units chosen by the International System of Units (SI) associated with seven ISQ base quantities to measure quantities, as shown in Table 1. 4 Abstract specification of QML The quantitative markup language (QML) (3.6) is specified at two levels, abstract and concrete. Some characteristics of QML are listed in 4.2. The overall structure of QML is represented by a metamodel, as introduced in 4.3. The abstract syntax of QML as QML_as shall be a set-theoretic specification of QML in conceptual terms that are independent of ways of representing the annotation (content) of measurable quantitative information. The concrete syntax of QML as QML_cs shall be a specification of a set of representation formats, based on QML_as, for the annotation of measurable quantitative information in a computationally tractable way. The QML_as is introduced in 4.4, while QML_cs is presented in 4.5. Equivalent concrete syntaxes, including an XML-based concrete syntax QML_csx and a TEI-based concrete syntax QML_cst, are described in Clause 5 and Clause 6, respectively. Note: There can be many equivalent concrete syntaxes defined on a single abstract syntax.

Contents of GB/T 44217.11-2024