Detail of GB/T 44326-2024

Introduction of GB/T 44326-2024

GB/T 44326-2024 Conformance test methods for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags mounted on tyres 1 Scope This document defines the test methods for validating the conformance of RFID enabled tyres with the minimum reading distance specifications given in ISO 20909. The two presented methodologies give comparable test results only when the same radio frequency and energy power parameters are used. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this document are to be applied exclusively to a standalone RFID enabled tyre. This document is not intended to set any requirement on mass production quality control, nor on the frequency for testing. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 20909 Radio frequency identification (RFID) tyre tags Note: GB/T 43490-2023 Radio frequency identification (RFID) tyre tags (ISO 20909:2019, IDT) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 standalone tyre non-mounted tyre 3.2 RFID enabled tyre tyre featuring an RFID tag by means of an embedded, patch or sticker solution 3.3 measuring distance d linear distance between the RFID tag position and the interrogator antenna 3.4 received signal strength indicator RSSI indicative, non-calibrated value of the received power at the reader input Note: This is the power backscattered by the tag towards the reader and measured at the RSSI is sometimes used to determine a tag's distance, as the signal is stronger from a tag that is reader antenna, however, the reflections and attenuation due to different materials may distort it. 3.5 turn-on power minimum input of conducted power that the interrogator must provide to its antenna to activate the RFID enabled tyre which is placed at the measuring distance (3.3) 3.6 effective isotropic radiated power EIRP product of the power supplied to the antenna and the maximum antenna gain in one direction relative to an isotropic radiator (absolute or isotropic gain) 3.7 reads per seconds RPS indicative, non-calibrated value of the number of valid reads received per second, by an RFID reader, while interrogating an RFID tag for several seconds 3.8 interrogator antenna gain GR unitless gain of interrogator antenna computed from the isotropic gain [10^(dBi/10)] 4 Conformance test methods 4.1 General Two different test methods are described below. Both can be used to validate the conformance to ISO 20909 minimum reading distance requirement. It is up to the tyre manufacturer to choose one method or the other. 4.2 Open space method 4.2.1 General This test method validates whether the RFID enabled tyre can be read at the minimum reading distance and can be performed even by using a hand-held RFID reader. The specified test is performed in an open environment as described in 4.2.2. 4.2.2 Testing site The testing area shall be an open space with no object, wall or people (except the operator according to the details described below) in proximity of the tyre and reader in the range defined in 4.2.3.2 and 4.2.3.3. Also, there shall be no ceiling or at least no ceiling closer than those distances defined in 4.2.3.2 and 4.2.3.3 from the top of the tyre. The ground and the ceiling shall minimize electromagnetic reflections during the measurement in order to ensure the accuracy of the test result. - No atmospheric event (such as snow and rain) shall take place at the testing area during the measurement. —No environmental change shall occur during the measurement. —There shall be at least a free space of 2m radius (excluding testing equipment and device under test) around the tyre on the horizontal plane. - Personnel should be prohibited to be in the proximity of a 2m radius around the test setup. - The operator shall remain behind the reader (and not between the reader and the tag). - In general, the permeability and permittivity of supporting equipment like tyre stand and others should be low to not influence test results. To prevent any interference, it is recommended to set up a site survey in order to detect any use of radio frequency within the RFID frequency band. This can be done with a spectrum analyser and a UHF antenna to ensure that the radio frequency transmission levels are at least 10 dB smaller than the backscattering signal from the RFID enabled tyre. 4.2.3 Testing layout 4.2.3.1 General Two testing layouts are defined. It is up to the tyre manufacturer to choose one or the other, depending of the RFID tag implementation/position. 4.2.3.2 Testing layout for the RFID in/on the tyre sidewall The layout is depicted in Figure 1. The minimum distance, h₁, between the tag position and the ground shall be at least at 1.5m or 5 times of the minimum reading distance defined in ISO 20909, whichever is the lowest. The tyre shall be put directly on the ground or on a stand in the testing site, unmounted from the rim. The minimum distance, h₂, between the tag position and the ceiling shall be at least 1.5m or 5 times of the minimum reading distance defined in ISO 20909, whichever is the lowest. The area where the RFID tag is located shall be horizontally aligned with the reader's antenna as per the following description. To locate the RFID tag, the operator monitors the RSSI or RPS. Once the largest RSSI (or RPS) is obtained, the alignment between the tyre and the reader's antenna is adequate. Note: The largest RSSI can be unreliable for short distance between tag and reader. Instead a local maximum or minimum of the RSSI can indicate an adequate alignment. The tyre sidewall surface containing the RFID tag shall be directed towards the reader's antenna.

Contents of GB/T 44326-2024