GB/T 46729-2025 Textiles - Intelligent textiles - Terminology and classification English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
This is a draft translation for reference among interesting stakeholders. The finalized translation (passing through draft translation, self-check, revision and verification) will be delivered upon being ordered.
ICS 13.220.10
CCS H 57
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 46729-2025
Textiles - Intelligent textiles - Terminology and classification
纺织品 智能纺织品 术语和分类
Issue date: 2025-10-31 Implementation date: 2026-05-01
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Classification
References
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions related to intelligent textiles and provides a classification system for intelligent textiles.
This document is applicable to various types of intelligent textiles.
2 Normative References
This document contains no normative references.
3 Terms and Definitions
3.1
Environment
The circumstances, objects, or conditions surrounding textile materials, textile products, or their users.
3.2
Intelligent Textiles; Smart Textiles; Interactive Textiles
Textile products that, through the application of technologies such as materials science, electronic information, sensing, and biomedicine, are capable of reversibly interacting with their environment or perceiving, responding to, and adapting to environmental changes (stimuli).
3.3
Textile System
A combination of textile products and non-textile components.
3.4
Intelligent Textile System
A textile system that responds in a predictable and usable manner to changes in its surroundings or to external signals/inputs.
3.5
Electronic Textiles
Intelligent textiles that incorporate electronic components with functions such as sensing and communication into textiles, enabling the collection, analysis, and feedback of data.
3.6
Wearable Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that can be directly or indirectly connected to and detached from the wearer.
3.7
Chromic Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that can change color by altering the absorption, transmission, or reflection of light in response to changes in the external environment.
Note: Responsive to stimuli such as photochromism, thermochromism, piezochromism, biochromism, electrochromism, etc.
3.8
Thermoregulatory Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles capable of sensing and responding to changes in ambient temperature, utilizing phase change materials, fluid thermoregulation technology, or electro-thermal energy conversion for temperature regulation.
3.9
Luminescent Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that can emit light in response to changes in the external environment.
Note: Responsive to external stimuli such as light, pressure, temperature, or electrical signals.
3.10
Shape Change Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that alter their shape, size, or internal structure under specific stimuli and can return to their original state.
Note: Stimuli include temperature, ultraviolet light, humidity, magnetic fields, pH, electric fields, and electric current.
3.11
Auxetic Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles made from materials with a negative Poisson's ratio, exhibiting the characteristic of expanding laterally when stretched and contracting laterally when compressed.
3.12
Shear-Thickening Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles in which fluid viscosity suddenly increases upon impact, causing hardening, while remaining soft and flowable during slow movement.
3.13
Piezoelectric Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles made from materials with piezoelectric properties that generate a potential difference (direct piezoelectric effect) when mechanically deformed by external forces, and conversely generate mechanical stress (inverse piezoelectric effect) when voltage is applied.
3.14
Thermoelectric Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that utilize the Seebeck effect or Peltier effect to generate electricity from temperature differences or to create temperature differences.
Note 1: The Seebeck effect refers to the phenomenon where an electromotive force is generated due to a temperature difference when two different conductors or semiconductors are connected to form a closed loop.
Note 2: The Peltier effect refers to the phenomenon where heat is absorbed or released at the junction of two different conductors or semiconductors when an electric current passes through the circuit, depending on the direction of the current.
3.15
Energy Storage Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that integrate energy storage elements such as batteries or capacitors with textile fibers or fabrics, enabling them to store and release electrical energy.
Note: Examples include electrolytic intelligent textiles and capacitive intelligent textiles.
3.16
Intelligent Textiles with Microcapsules
Intelligent textiles in which active ingredients enclosed within microcapsules respond to environmental stimuli without being released.
Note: Examples include phase change thermoregulatory textiles and polyol thermoregulatory textiles.
3.17
Phase Change Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that undergo phase transitions within a specific temperature range (phase transition temperature range), capable of storing and releasing large amounts of latent heat to buffer external temperature changes.
4 Classification
4.1 Based on product function, intelligent textiles can be classified into:
Monitoring intelligent textiles, such as physiological monitoring (e.g., electrocardiogram, electrooculogram, electroencephalogram, body temperature, blood pressure, motion) textiles and environmental monitoring (e.g., temperature, gas) textiles.
Communication intelligent textiles, such as electronic display fabrics, non-contact magnetic field sensing fabrics, gesture control fabrics, etc.
GB/T 46729-2025 Textiles - Intelligent textiles - Terminology and classification English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
This is a draft translation for reference among interesting stakeholders. The finalized translation (passing through draft translation, self-check, revision and verification) will be delivered upon being ordered.
ICS 13.220.10
CCS H 57
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 46729-2025
Textiles - Intelligent textiles - Terminology and classification
纺织品 智能纺织品 术语和分类
Issue date: 2025-10-31 Implementation date: 2026-05-01
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Classification
References
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions related to intelligent textiles and provides a classification system for intelligent textiles.
This document is applicable to various types of intelligent textiles.
2 Normative References
This document contains no normative references.
3 Terms and Definitions
3.1
Environment
The circumstances, objects, or conditions surrounding textile materials, textile products, or their users.
3.2
Intelligent Textiles; Smart Textiles; Interactive Textiles
Textile products that, through the application of technologies such as materials science, electronic information, sensing, and biomedicine, are capable of reversibly interacting with their environment or perceiving, responding to, and adapting to environmental changes (stimuli).
3.3
Textile System
A combination of textile products and non-textile components.
3.4
Intelligent Textile System
A textile system that responds in a predictable and usable manner to changes in its surroundings or to external signals/inputs.
3.5
Electronic Textiles
Intelligent textiles that incorporate electronic components with functions such as sensing and communication into textiles, enabling the collection, analysis, and feedback of data.
3.6
Wearable Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that can be directly or indirectly connected to and detached from the wearer.
3.7
Chromic Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that can change color by altering the absorption, transmission, or reflection of light in response to changes in the external environment.
Note: Responsive to stimuli such as photochromism, thermochromism, piezochromism, biochromism, electrochromism, etc.
3.8
Thermoregulatory Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles capable of sensing and responding to changes in ambient temperature, utilizing phase change materials, fluid thermoregulation technology, or electro-thermal energy conversion for temperature regulation.
3.9
Luminescent Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that can emit light in response to changes in the external environment.
Note: Responsive to external stimuli such as light, pressure, temperature, or electrical signals.
3.10
Shape Change Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that alter their shape, size, or internal structure under specific stimuli and can return to their original state.
Note: Stimuli include temperature, ultraviolet light, humidity, magnetic fields, pH, electric fields, and electric current.
3.11
Auxetic Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles made from materials with a negative Poisson's ratio, exhibiting the characteristic of expanding laterally when stretched and contracting laterally when compressed.
3.12
Shear-Thickening Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles in which fluid viscosity suddenly increases upon impact, causing hardening, while remaining soft and flowable during slow movement.
3.13
Piezoelectric Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles made from materials with piezoelectric properties that generate a potential difference (direct piezoelectric effect) when mechanically deformed by external forces, and conversely generate mechanical stress (inverse piezoelectric effect) when voltage is applied.
3.14
Thermoelectric Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that utilize the Seebeck effect or Peltier effect to generate electricity from temperature differences or to create temperature differences.
Note 1: The Seebeck effect refers to the phenomenon where an electromotive force is generated due to a temperature difference when two different conductors or semiconductors are connected to form a closed loop.
Note 2: The Peltier effect refers to the phenomenon where heat is absorbed or released at the junction of two different conductors or semiconductors when an electric current passes through the circuit, depending on the direction of the current.
3.15
Energy Storage Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that integrate energy storage elements such as batteries or capacitors with textile fibers or fabrics, enabling them to store and release electrical energy.
Note: Examples include electrolytic intelligent textiles and capacitive intelligent textiles.
3.16
Intelligent Textiles with Microcapsules
Intelligent textiles in which active ingredients enclosed within microcapsules respond to environmental stimuli without being released.
Note: Examples include phase change thermoregulatory textiles and polyol thermoregulatory textiles.
3.17
Phase Change Intelligent Textiles
Intelligent textiles that undergo phase transitions within a specific temperature range (phase transition temperature range), capable of storing and releasing large amounts of latent heat to buffer external temperature changes.
4 Classification
4.1 Based on product function, intelligent textiles can be classified into:
Monitoring intelligent textiles, such as physiological monitoring (e.g., electrocardiogram, electrooculogram, electroencephalogram, body temperature, blood pressure, motion) textiles and environmental monitoring (e.g., temperature, gas) textiles.
Communication intelligent textiles, such as electronic display fabrics, non-contact magnetic field sensing fabrics, gesture control fabrics, etc.
