GB/T 5378-2025 Methods of road test for motorcycles and mopeds
1 Scope
This standard specifies the test preparation requirements of the road test for motorcycles and mopeds, and describes the brake test methods for various performances.
This document is applicable to the road test for motorcycles and mopeds (hereinafter referred to as "motorcycles").
This document is not applicable to the road test for racing motorcycles and mopeds.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1184-1996 Geometrical tolerancing - Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications
GB/T 5359.1 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 1: Types of vehicles
GB/T 5359.2 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 2: Performance of vehicles
GB/T 5359.3 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 3: Dimensions of vehicle with two and three wheels
GB/T 5359.4 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 4: Mass of vehicle with two and three wheels
GB/T 5373 Measuring method of dimensions and masses parameter for motorcycles and mopeds
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values
GB 16169 Limit and measurement method of noise emitted by accelerating Motorcycles and Mopeds
GB 20073 Performance and measurement method for braking of motorcycles and mopeds
GB/T 24156 Electric motorcycles and electric mopeds - Power performance - Test method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 5359.1, GB/T 5359.2, GB/T 5359.3, GB/T 5359.4 and GB/T 24156 apply.
4 Test preparation requirements
4.1 Preparation before test
4.1.1 Inspection and adjustment of test vehicle
4.1.1.1 The test vehicle shall be accompanied by instructions for use and maintenance or on-board technical documents.
4.1.1.2 Check the manufacturer's name, designation, model, identification code, engine number or motor number, motor controller information, power battery model and quantity of the test vehicle and record them in the test table specified in Annex A.
4.1.1.3 Check the assembly quality and integrity of all assemblies, components and accessories of the test vehicle, and check the exposed components for any visible damage and the on-board tools for completeness. Check the tightness of crucial fasteners, the filling and sealing of lubricating oil (grease) at each lubricating point , whether the electrical system, each control system and braking system can work normally, according to the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents.
4.1.1.4 Adjust the test vehicle according to the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents, so as to keep it in normal technical condition.
4.1.2 Running-in of the test vehicle
4.1.2.1 The test vehicle shall run on flat road with small slope according to the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents.
4.1.2.2 During running-in, the fastening and working conditions of all parts of the vehicle shall be checked frequently, so as to adjust and eliminate the faults timely, and the faults shall be recorded in detail. The running-in mileage of the test vehicle using internal combustion engine is 1000 km. If the running-in mileage before the test is less than 1000 km, the manufacturer may decide whether to carry out the test or not.
4.1.2.3 Electric motorcycles shall use brand-new power batteries and be fully charged according to the charging procedures provided by the manufacturer. In case the manufacturer does not specify the charging procedure, the requirements of GB/T 24156 shall apply. The test vehicle shall run at least 300 km within 10 days before the test with the batteries installed in the test vehicle according to the running-in requirements of the manufacturer.
4.1.2.4 The fuel consumption per 100 kilometers during running-in shall be calculated according to Formula (1):
( 1 )
where,
Ge - fuel consumption per 100 km, L/100km;
G1 - measured fuel consumption, L;
S - actual total mileage, km.
4.1.2.5 The average speed shall be calculated using Formula (2):
( 2 )
where,
v - average speed, km/h;
S - actual total mileage, km;
t - actual total driving time, h;
4.1.2.6 Details of the running-in process shall be recorded in Table A.1.
4.1.2.7 After running-in, the test vehicle shall be maintained according to the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents.
4.1.3 Check of speedometer of the test vehicle
Before running-in, the speedometer of the test vehicle shall be checked according to Clause 7.
4.1.4 Measurement of dimensions and mass of the test vehicle
The size and mass of the test vehicle may be measured according to GB/T 5373 before the performance test, if necessary.
4.2 Test conditions
4.2.1 Test vehicle
4.2.1.1 Motorcycle equipped with internal combustion engine
4.2.1.1.1 The designation and filling amount of fuel and lubricating oil used by the test vehicle shall meet the requirements of the technical documents of the vehicle. Only the same batch of fuel and lubricating oil can be used when various performance indexes are tested in the same test.
4.2.1.1.2 The specifications and working pressure of the test vehicle tires shall conform to the provisions of the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents, and the pressure error shall not be greater than ±10kPa.
4.2.1.1.3 It is not allowed to adjust the test vehicle during the test.
4.2.1.1. Before each performance test, the test vehicle shall be warmed up and run, and the test may be started after reaching the warm-up state specified in the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents. If not specified in the relevant documents, the test vehicle shall normally run for 15 min.
Note: Except starting performance test.
4.2.1.1.5 The loading mass of the test vehicle shall be determined depending on the test purpose. If there are no special requirements, a two-wheeled motorcycle shall carry a driver; a motorcycle with sidecar shall carry a driver and two passengers; and the loading of a three-wheeled motorcycle shall be the maximum loading mass specified in the on-board technical documents. The total mass of passengers and their equipment is 75 kg ± 5kg. It is allowed to use ballast instead of passengers, and the position of the ballast shall be close to the passenger seat.
4.2.1.1.6 The influence of on-board road test instrument on axle load distribution and the resulting additional air resistance shall be reduced. Before the test, the axle load distribution shall be adjusted to meet the requirements of the on-board technical documents.
4.2.1.2 Electric motorcycle
4.2.1.2.1 Before the electric motorcycle is warmed up, charge the battery with the on-board charger (if installed) or the external charger recommended by the vehicle manufacturer (the model/specification of the charger shall be recorded) at the ambient temperature of 20 ℃ - 30 ℃. 12h is the criteria for the end of charging. If the standard instrument gives an obvious signal that the battery is not full, the longest charging time is 3× the battery capacity (kWh) specified by the manufacturer/actual power supply (kW). At the end of charging, the electric motorcycle shall run for 2 km at 80% of the maximum speed (v10) of 10min declared by the manufacturer, so as to warm up the motor and transmission system. Before each performance test, the test vehicle shall be warmed up and run, and the test may be started after reaching the state specified in the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents. In case of other special requirements, the relevant requirements shall be followed.
Note: Except starting performance test.
GB/T 5378-2025 Methods of road test for motorcycles and mopeds
1 Scope
This standard specifies the test preparation requirements of the road test for motorcycles and mopeds, and describes the brake test methods for various performances.
This document is applicable to the road test for motorcycles and mopeds (hereinafter referred to as "motorcycles").
This document is not applicable to the road test for racing motorcycles and mopeds.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1184-1996 Geometrical tolerancing - Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications
GB/T 5359.1 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 1: Types of vehicles
GB/T 5359.2 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 2: Performance of vehicles
GB/T 5359.3 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 3: Dimensions of vehicle with two and three wheels
GB/T 5359.4 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 4: Mass of vehicle with two and three wheels
GB/T 5373 Measuring method of dimensions and masses parameter for motorcycles and mopeds
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values
GB 16169 Limit and measurement method of noise emitted by accelerating Motorcycles and Mopeds
GB 20073 Performance and measurement method for braking of motorcycles and mopeds
GB/T 24156 Electric motorcycles and electric mopeds - Power performance - Test method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 5359.1, GB/T 5359.2, GB/T 5359.3, GB/T 5359.4 and GB/T 24156 apply.
4 Test preparation requirements
4.1 Preparation before test
4.1.1 Inspection and adjustment of test vehicle
4.1.1.1 The test vehicle shall be accompanied by instructions for use and maintenance or on-board technical documents.
4.1.1.2 Check the manufacturer's name, designation, model, identification code, engine number or motor number, motor controller information, power battery model and quantity of the test vehicle and record them in the test table specified in Annex A.
4.1.1.3 Check the assembly quality and integrity of all assemblies, components and accessories of the test vehicle, and check the exposed components for any visible damage and the on-board tools for completeness. Check the tightness of crucial fasteners, the filling and sealing of lubricating oil (grease) at each lubricating point , whether the electrical system, each control system and braking system can work normally, according to the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents.
4.1.1.4 Adjust the test vehicle according to the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents, so as to keep it in normal technical condition.
4.1.2 Running-in of the test vehicle
4.1.2.1 The test vehicle shall run on flat road with small slope according to the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents.
4.1.2.2 During running-in, the fastening and working conditions of all parts of the vehicle shall be checked frequently, so as to adjust and eliminate the faults timely, and the faults shall be recorded in detail. The running-in mileage of the test vehicle using internal combustion engine is 1000 km. If the running-in mileage before the test is less than 1000 km, the manufacturer may decide whether to carry out the test or not.
4.1.2.3 Electric motorcycles shall use brand-new power batteries and be fully charged according to the charging procedures provided by the manufacturer. In case the manufacturer does not specify the charging procedure, the requirements of GB/T 24156 shall apply. The test vehicle shall run at least 300 km within 10 days before the test with the batteries installed in the test vehicle according to the running-in requirements of the manufacturer.
4.1.2.4 The fuel consumption per 100 kilometers during running-in shall be calculated according to Formula (1):
( 1 )
where,
Ge - fuel consumption per 100 km, L/100km;
G1 - measured fuel consumption, L;
S - actual total mileage, km.
4.1.2.5 The average speed shall be calculated using Formula (2):
( 2 )
where,
v - average speed, km/h;
S - actual total mileage, km;
t - actual total driving time, h;
4.1.2.6 Details of the running-in process shall be recorded in Table A.1.
4.1.2.7 After running-in, the test vehicle shall be maintained according to the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents.
4.1.3 Check of speedometer of the test vehicle
Before running-in, the speedometer of the test vehicle shall be checked according to Clause 7.
4.1.4 Measurement of dimensions and mass of the test vehicle
The size and mass of the test vehicle may be measured according to GB/T 5373 before the performance test, if necessary.
4.2 Test conditions
4.2.1 Test vehicle
4.2.1.1 Motorcycle equipped with internal combustion engine
4.2.1.1.1 The designation and filling amount of fuel and lubricating oil used by the test vehicle shall meet the requirements of the technical documents of the vehicle. Only the same batch of fuel and lubricating oil can be used when various performance indexes are tested in the same test.
4.2.1.1.2 The specifications and working pressure of the test vehicle tires shall conform to the provisions of the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents, and the pressure error shall not be greater than ±10kPa.
4.2.1.1.3 It is not allowed to adjust the test vehicle during the test.
4.2.1.1. Before each performance test, the test vehicle shall be warmed up and run, and the test may be started after reaching the warm-up state specified in the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents. If not specified in the relevant documents, the test vehicle shall normally run for 15 min.
Note: Except starting performance test.
4.2.1.1.5 The loading mass of the test vehicle shall be determined depending on the test purpose. If there are no special requirements, a two-wheeled motorcycle shall carry a driver; a motorcycle with sidecar shall carry a driver and two passengers; and the loading of a three-wheeled motorcycle shall be the maximum loading mass specified in the on-board technical documents. The total mass of passengers and their equipment is 75 kg ± 5kg. It is allowed to use ballast instead of passengers, and the position of the ballast shall be close to the passenger seat.
4.2.1.1.6 The influence of on-board road test instrument on axle load distribution and the resulting additional air resistance shall be reduced. Before the test, the axle load distribution shall be adjusted to meet the requirements of the on-board technical documents.
4.2.1.2 Electric motorcycle
4.2.1.2.1 Before the electric motorcycle is warmed up, charge the battery with the on-board charger (if installed) or the external charger recommended by the vehicle manufacturer (the model/specification of the charger shall be recorded) at the ambient temperature of 20 ℃ - 30 ℃. 12h is the criteria for the end of charging. If the standard instrument gives an obvious signal that the battery is not full, the longest charging time is 3× the battery capacity (kWh) specified by the manufacturer/actual power supply (kW). At the end of charging, the electric motorcycle shall run for 2 km at 80% of the maximum speed (v10) of 10min declared by the manufacturer, so as to warm up the motor and transmission system. Before each performance test, the test vehicle shall be warmed up and run, and the test may be started after reaching the state specified in the instructions for use and maintenance or the on-board technical documents. In case of other special requirements, the relevant requirements shall be followed.
Note: Except starting performance test.
