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GB/T 8196-2018   Safety of machinery—Guards—General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards (English Version)
Standard No.: GB/T 8196-2018 Status:valid remind me the status change

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Standard No.: GB/T 8196-2018
English Name: Safety of machinery—Guards—General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards
Chinese Name: 机械安全 防护装置 固定式和活动式防护装置的设计与制造一般要求
Chinese Classification: J09    Hygiene, safety and labor protection
Professional Classification: GB    National Standard
Issued by: SAMR; SAC
Issued on: 2018-12-28
Implemented on: 2019-7-1
Status: valid
Superseding:GB/T 8196-2003 Safety of machinery—Guards—General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards
Language: English
File Format: PDF
Word Count: 16500 words
Price(USD): 490.0
Delivery: via email in 1 business day
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows: a) type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to all machinery; b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one or more type(s) of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery; ——type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise); ——type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive devices, guards); c) type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines. This standard is a type-B2 standard as stated in GB/T 15706. This standard is particularly relevant to the following parties concerned with mechanical safety: ——Machine manufacturer; ——Health and safety agency. Other parties concerned affected by the mechanical safety level are: ——Machine user; ——Machine owner; ——Service provider; ——Consumer (for machinery intended to be used by consumers). All the above parties concerned may participate in the drafting of this standard. In addition, this standard is intended to be used by standardization organizations drafting type-C standards. The requirements of this standard may be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard. For machines that are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and that have been designed and built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence. Guards provide a risk reduction for both protection against unintended access and against ejected parts and substances. The guarding can also give protection against others hazards, e.g. noise, fire, biological hazards, and radiation. Safety of machinery—Guards— General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards 1 Scope This standard specifies general requirements for the design, construction, and selection of guards provided to protect persons from mechanical hazards. This standard indicates other hazards that can influence the design and construction of guards. This standard applies to guards for machinery which will be manufactured after it is published. The requirements are applicable if fixed and movable guards are used. This standard does not cover inter locking devices. These are covered in ISO 14119. This standard does not provide requirements for special systems relating specificality to mobility such as ROPS (roll-over protective structures), FOPS (falIing-object protective structures), and TOPS (tip over protective structures) or to the ability of machinery to lift loads. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 5226.1-2008 Safety of machinery—Electrical equipment of machines—Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1: 2005, IDT) GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery—General principles for design—Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100: 2010, IDT) ISO 13855 Safety of machinery—Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body ISO 13857 Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs ISO 14119 Safety of machinery Interlocking devices associated with guards—Principles for design and selection ISO 14123-1 Safety of machinery Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery—Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers ISO 14159 Safety of machinery—Hygiene requirements for the design of machinery 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15706-2012 and the following apply. 3.1 guard physical barrier, designed as part of the machine, to provide protection Note 1: A guard may act either: ——alone, in which case it is only effective when "closed" (for a movable guard) or "securely held in place" (for a fixed guard). ——in conjunction with an interlocking device with or without guard locking, in which case protection is ensured whatever the position of the guard. Note 2: Depending on its construction, a guard may be described as, for example, casing, shield, cover, screen, door, enclosing guard. Note 3: The terms for types of guards are defined in GB/T 15706-2012, 3.27.1 to 3.27.6. See aIso GB/T 15706-2012, 6.3.3.2 for types of guards and their requirements. [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27] 3.2 fixed guard guard affixed in such a manner (for example, by screws, nuts, and welding) that it can only be opened or removed by the use of tools or by destruction of the means by which the guard is affixed [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.1]   3.2.1 enclosing guard guard which pr e vents access to the hazard zone from all sides Note: see Figure 1. Figure 1 Example of an enclosing guard totally preventing access to transmission machinery 3.2.2 distance guard guard which does not completely enclose a hazard zone, but which prevents or reduces access by virtue of its dimensions and its distance from the hazard zone, for example perimeter fence or tunnel guard Note 1: A distance guard can be partially or fully surrounding. Note 2: See Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 Example of a distance guard Figure 3 Example of a distance guard: tunnel guard providing protection at machine feed or discharge area 3.3 movable guard guard which can be opened without the use of tools [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.2] 3.3.1 power-operated guard movable guard that is operated with the assistance of power from a source other than persons or gravity 3.3.2 self-closing guard automatically adjustable guard movable guard operated by a machine element (e.g. moving table) or by the workpiece or a part of the machining jig, so that it allows the workpiece (and the jig) to pass and then automatically returns (by means of gravity, a spring, other external to the closed position as soon as the workpiece has vacated the opening through which it has been allowed to pass Note: See Figure 4. Figure 4 Example of a self-closing guard   3.4 adjustable guard guard which is adjustable as a whole or which incorporates adjustable part(s) [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.3] 3.4.1 manually adjustable guard adjustable guard where the adjustment is made manually and the adjustment remains fixed during a particular operation Note: See Figure 5. Figure 5 Example of an adjustable guard for a radial or pedestal drilling machine 3.5 interlocking guard guard associated with an interlocking device so that, together with the control system of the machine, the following functions are performed: ——the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard cannot operate until the guard is closed; ——if the guard is opened while hazardous machine functions are operating, a stop command is given; ——when the guard is closed, the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard can operate. The closure of the guard does not, by itself, start the hazardous machine functions. Note 1: See Figures 6 and 7. Note 2: See ISO 14119 about interlocking devices. [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.4] Figure 6 Example of interlocking hinge guard (when closed, the danger zone is closed) Figure 7 Example of interlocking sliding guards 3.5.1 interlocking guard with a start function control guard special form of interlocking guard which, once it has reached its closed position, gives a command to initiate the hazardous machine function(s) without the use of a separate start control Note: GB/T 15706-2012, 6.3.3.2.5, gives detailed provisions regarding the conditions of use for a control guard (see also 5.3.14). [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.6]   3.5.2 interlocking guard with guard locking guard associated with an interlocking device and a guard locking device so that, together with the control system of the machine, the following functions are performed: ——the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard cannot operate untiI the guard is closed and Iocked; ——the guard remains closed and Iocked until the risk due to the hazardous machine functions "covered” by the guard has disappeared; ——when the guard is closed and locked, the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard can operate. The closure and Iocking of the guard do not, by themselves, start the hazardous machine functions. Note 1: See ISO 14119 about interlocking devices. Note 2: See Figure 8. [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.5]
Foreword i Introduction iii 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Risk assessment 5 General requirements for the design and construction of guards 5.1 Machine aspects 5.2 Human aspects 5.3 Guard design and construction aspects 5.4 Materials, rigidity, and impact requirements 5.5 Containment 5.6 Resistance to corrosion 5.7 Resistance to microorganisms 5.8 Non-toxicity 5.9 Machine viewing 5.10 Transparency 5.11 Shadows and stroboscopic effects 5.12 Electrostatic properties 5.13 Guards with electrically conductive parts 5.14 Thermal stability 5.15 Fire and flammability 5.16 Noise and vibration reduction 5.17 Radiation protection 5.18 Climbing 5.19 Retained fastenings 5.20 Vibration resistance 5.21 Warning signs 5.22 Color 5.23 Appearance 6 Selection of types of guards 6.1 General 6.2 Combination of different guards or of guards with other devices 6.3 Selection of guards according to the number and size of the hazards 6.4 Selection of guards according to the nature and frequency of access required 7 Verification of the safety requirements for guards 7.1 General 7.2 Verification and validation methods 7.3 Required verification and validation 8 Information for use 8.1 General 8.2 Guard hazards 8.3 Installation 8.4 Operation 8.5 Removal of guards 8.6 Inspection and maintenance Annex A (Informative) Example of retained fastening Annex B (Informative) Example of projectile test method for mechanically testing guards Annex C (Informative) Example of pendulum test method for mechanically testing guards Bibliography
Referred in GB/T 8196-2018:
*GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 1: General Requirements
*GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery — General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
*GB/T 17248.1-2022 Acoustics—Noise emitted by machinery and equipment—Guidelines for the use of basic standards for the determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions
*GB/T 19670-2005 Safety of machinery--Prevention of unexpected start-up
*GB/T 23819-2018 Safety of machinery—Fire prevention and protection
*GBT25078-
*GB/T 26118.3-2010 Safety of machinery—Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery—Part 3:Reduction of radiation by attenuation or screening
*GB 3565-2005 Safety requirements for bicycles
*TSG 21-2016/XG1-2020 Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel,includes Amendment 1
*GB 14748-2006 Safety Requirements for Wheeled Child Conveyances
*GB 2763-2021 National Food Safety Standard-Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food
*GB/T 22849-2014 Knitted T-shirt
*GB 4943.1-2011 Information technology equipment -Safety - Part 1: General requirements
*GB/T 95-2002 Plain washers - Product grade C
*GB/T 35590-2017 Information technology―General specification for portable digital equipments used power bank
*GB/T 2662-2008 Cotton wadded clothes
*GB/T 2662-2017 Clothes with fillings
*GB/T 14048.5-2017 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear-Part 5-1:Control circuit devices and switching element-Electromechanical control circuit devices
*GB/T 18455-2022 Packaging recycling marking
*GB/T 2664-2009 Mens suits and coats
*GB/T 14272-2011 Down Garments
*GB/T 14272-2021 Down garments
*GB 4706.1-2005 Household and Similar Electrical Appliances – Safety - Part 1: General Requirements
*GB 4806.7-2016 National Food Safety Standard - Food Contact Plastic Materials and Articles
*GB 18401-2003 National General Safety Technical Code for Textile Products
*GB 18401-2010 National general safety technical code for textile products
GB/T 8196-2018 is referred in:
*GB 7258-2017 Technical Specifications for Safety of Power-driven Vehicles Operating on Roads
*GB 21009-2007 Mine blast-hole drills—Safety requirements
*GB 7258-2017/XG2-2021 Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on roads,includes Amendment 2
*GB 22360-2008 Vacuum pumps - Safety requirements
*GB 19815-2021 Centrifuge—Safety requirements
*GB 40161-2021 Filters—Safety requirements
*GB/T 33598.3-2021 Recovery of traction battery used in electric vehicle—Recycling—Part 3:Specification for discharging
*GB 17957-2021 Rock drilling machines and pneumatic tools—Safety requirements
*GB/T 30574-2021 Safety of machinery—Implementation criteria for safeguarding
*GB/T 41975-2022 Ink-jet digital printing press for books and periodicals
*GB/T 3215-2019 Centrifugal pumps for petroleum,petrochemical and natural gas industries
*GB 15760-2004 Metal-cutting machine tools - General safeguarding specification
*JB/T 13011-2017 Hydraulic mining excavator
*GB/T 42596.1-2023 Machine tools safety—Presses—Part 1: General safety requirements
Code of China
Standard
GB/T 8196-2018  Safety of machinery—Guards—General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards (English Version)
Standard No.GB/T 8196-2018
Statusvalid
LanguageEnglish
File FormatPDF
Word Count16500 words
Price(USD)490.0
Implemented on2019-7-1
Deliveryvia email in 1 business day
Detail of GB/T 8196-2018
Standard No.
GB/T 8196-2018
English Name
Safety of machinery—Guards—General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards
Chinese Name
机械安全 防护装置 固定式和活动式防护装置的设计与制造一般要求
Chinese Classification
J09
Professional Classification
GB
ICS Classification
Issued by
SAMR; SAC
Issued on
2018-12-28
Implemented on
2019-7-1
Status
valid
Superseded by
Superseded on
Abolished on
Superseding
GB/T 8196-2003 Safety of machinery—Guards—General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards
Language
English
File Format
PDF
Word Count
16500 words
Price(USD)
490.0
Keywords
GB/T 8196-2018, GB 8196-2018, GBT 8196-2018, GB/T8196-2018, GB/T 8196, GB/T8196, GB8196-2018, GB 8196, GB8196, GBT8196-2018, GBT 8196, GBT8196
Introduction of GB/T 8196-2018
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows: a) type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to all machinery; b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one or more type(s) of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery; ——type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise); ——type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive devices, guards); c) type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines. This standard is a type-B2 standard as stated in GB/T 15706. This standard is particularly relevant to the following parties concerned with mechanical safety: ——Machine manufacturer; ——Health and safety agency. Other parties concerned affected by the mechanical safety level are: ——Machine user; ——Machine owner; ——Service provider; ——Consumer (for machinery intended to be used by consumers). All the above parties concerned may participate in the drafting of this standard. In addition, this standard is intended to be used by standardization organizations drafting type-C standards. The requirements of this standard may be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard. For machines that are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and that have been designed and built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence. Guards provide a risk reduction for both protection against unintended access and against ejected parts and substances. The guarding can also give protection against others hazards, e.g. noise, fire, biological hazards, and radiation. Safety of machinery—Guards— General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards 1 Scope This standard specifies general requirements for the design, construction, and selection of guards provided to protect persons from mechanical hazards. This standard indicates other hazards that can influence the design and construction of guards. This standard applies to guards for machinery which will be manufactured after it is published. The requirements are applicable if fixed and movable guards are used. This standard does not cover inter locking devices. These are covered in ISO 14119. This standard does not provide requirements for special systems relating specificality to mobility such as ROPS (roll-over protective structures), FOPS (falIing-object protective structures), and TOPS (tip over protective structures) or to the ability of machinery to lift loads. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 5226.1-2008 Safety of machinery—Electrical equipment of machines—Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1: 2005, IDT) GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery—General principles for design—Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100: 2010, IDT) ISO 13855 Safety of machinery—Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body ISO 13857 Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs ISO 14119 Safety of machinery Interlocking devices associated with guards—Principles for design and selection ISO 14123-1 Safety of machinery Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery—Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers ISO 14159 Safety of machinery—Hygiene requirements for the design of machinery 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15706-2012 and the following apply. 3.1 guard physical barrier, designed as part of the machine, to provide protection Note 1: A guard may act either: ——alone, in which case it is only effective when "closed" (for a movable guard) or "securely held in place" (for a fixed guard). ——in conjunction with an interlocking device with or without guard locking, in which case protection is ensured whatever the position of the guard. Note 2: Depending on its construction, a guard may be described as, for example, casing, shield, cover, screen, door, enclosing guard. Note 3: The terms for types of guards are defined in GB/T 15706-2012, 3.27.1 to 3.27.6. See aIso GB/T 15706-2012, 6.3.3.2 for types of guards and their requirements. [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27] 3.2 fixed guard guard affixed in such a manner (for example, by screws, nuts, and welding) that it can only be opened or removed by the use of tools or by destruction of the means by which the guard is affixed [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.1]   3.2.1 enclosing guard guard which pr e vents access to the hazard zone from all sides Note: see Figure 1. Figure 1 Example of an enclosing guard totally preventing access to transmission machinery 3.2.2 distance guard guard which does not completely enclose a hazard zone, but which prevents or reduces access by virtue of its dimensions and its distance from the hazard zone, for example perimeter fence or tunnel guard Note 1: A distance guard can be partially or fully surrounding. Note 2: See Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 Example of a distance guard Figure 3 Example of a distance guard: tunnel guard providing protection at machine feed or discharge area 3.3 movable guard guard which can be opened without the use of tools [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.2] 3.3.1 power-operated guard movable guard that is operated with the assistance of power from a source other than persons or gravity 3.3.2 self-closing guard automatically adjustable guard movable guard operated by a machine element (e.g. moving table) or by the workpiece or a part of the machining jig, so that it allows the workpiece (and the jig) to pass and then automatically returns (by means of gravity, a spring, other external to the closed position as soon as the workpiece has vacated the opening through which it has been allowed to pass Note: See Figure 4. Figure 4 Example of a self-closing guard   3.4 adjustable guard guard which is adjustable as a whole or which incorporates adjustable part(s) [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.3] 3.4.1 manually adjustable guard adjustable guard where the adjustment is made manually and the adjustment remains fixed during a particular operation Note: See Figure 5. Figure 5 Example of an adjustable guard for a radial or pedestal drilling machine 3.5 interlocking guard guard associated with an interlocking device so that, together with the control system of the machine, the following functions are performed: ——the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard cannot operate until the guard is closed; ——if the guard is opened while hazardous machine functions are operating, a stop command is given; ——when the guard is closed, the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard can operate. The closure of the guard does not, by itself, start the hazardous machine functions. Note 1: See Figures 6 and 7. Note 2: See ISO 14119 about interlocking devices. [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.4] Figure 6 Example of interlocking hinge guard (when closed, the danger zone is closed) Figure 7 Example of interlocking sliding guards 3.5.1 interlocking guard with a start function control guard special form of interlocking guard which, once it has reached its closed position, gives a command to initiate the hazardous machine function(s) without the use of a separate start control Note: GB/T 15706-2012, 6.3.3.2.5, gives detailed provisions regarding the conditions of use for a control guard (see also 5.3.14). [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.6]   3.5.2 interlocking guard with guard locking guard associated with an interlocking device and a guard locking device so that, together with the control system of the machine, the following functions are performed: ——the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard cannot operate untiI the guard is closed and Iocked; ——the guard remains closed and Iocked until the risk due to the hazardous machine functions "covered” by the guard has disappeared; ——when the guard is closed and locked, the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard can operate. The closure and Iocking of the guard do not, by themselves, start the hazardous machine functions. Note 1: See ISO 14119 about interlocking devices. Note 2: See Figure 8. [GB/T 15706-2012, Definition 3.27.5]
Contents of GB/T 8196-2018
Foreword i Introduction iii 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Risk assessment 5 General requirements for the design and construction of guards 5.1 Machine aspects 5.2 Human aspects 5.3 Guard design and construction aspects 5.4 Materials, rigidity, and impact requirements 5.5 Containment 5.6 Resistance to corrosion 5.7 Resistance to microorganisms 5.8 Non-toxicity 5.9 Machine viewing 5.10 Transparency 5.11 Shadows and stroboscopic effects 5.12 Electrostatic properties 5.13 Guards with electrically conductive parts 5.14 Thermal stability 5.15 Fire and flammability 5.16 Noise and vibration reduction 5.17 Radiation protection 5.18 Climbing 5.19 Retained fastenings 5.20 Vibration resistance 5.21 Warning signs 5.22 Color 5.23 Appearance 6 Selection of types of guards 6.1 General 6.2 Combination of different guards or of guards with other devices 6.3 Selection of guards according to the number and size of the hazards 6.4 Selection of guards according to the nature and frequency of access required 7 Verification of the safety requirements for guards 7.1 General 7.2 Verification and validation methods 7.3 Required verification and validation 8 Information for use 8.1 General 8.2 Guard hazards 8.3 Installation 8.4 Operation 8.5 Removal of guards 8.6 Inspection and maintenance Annex A (Informative) Example of retained fastening Annex B (Informative) Example of projectile test method for mechanically testing guards Annex C (Informative) Example of pendulum test method for mechanically testing guards Bibliography
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Keywords:
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