HAD 401/11-2020 Minimization of radioactive waste for nuclear technology utilization
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This guide provides guidance for the nuclear technology application units to carry out radioactive waste minimization (hereinafter referred to as waste minimization), and also serves as a reference for administrative approval authorities and regulatory authorities to conduct radiation safety review, supervision and management.
Appendixes A, B and C are informative.
1.2 Scope
This guide is applicable to the waste minimization during the design, construction, operation and decommissioning stages of nuclear technology utilization units that produce or use radioactive isotopes with a half-life greater than 100 days in Class A non-sealed radioactive material workplaces. Other nuclear technology utilization units are encouraged to refer to and implement this guide.
2 Objectives and principles
2.1 Overall objectives
Through source control, recycling and reuse, clearance, optimized processing and enhanced management, the generation of final radioactive solid waste (both in volume and activity) shall be reduced to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable.
2.2 Main principles
2.2.1 Source control shall be conducted to avoid or reduce waste generation.
2.2.2 When waste has been generated or is expected to be unavoidably generated, the possibility of clearance through methods such as decontamination and decay-in-storage, or the possibility of recycling/reuse, shall be considered.
2.2.3 Waste that cannot be cleared and recycled/reused shall undergo volume reduction to reduce the volume of wastes requiring disposal, thereby achieving final safe disposal.
2.2.4 Waste minimization management shall be scientifically planned and optimized, and personnel awareness shall be improved to prevent accidents.
3 Waste minimization program
3.1 Development, evaluation and update of waste minimization program
3.1.1 Waste-generating nuclear technology utilization units shall develop a waste minimization program or include a description of waste minimization (hereinafter referred to as the waste minimization provisions) in their waste management documents, including the waste minimization objectives, schemes for achieving them, and associated management measures.
3.1.2 The waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) shall be evaluated periodically (at a frequency of no less than once every five years). The evaluation shall cover trend analysis, achievement of objectives, effectiveness of technologies adopted, and lessons learned, thereby proposing measures for continuous improvement. Based on the evaluation results, the waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) shall be updated in a timely manner.
3.2 Waste minimization objectives
3.2.1 The waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) shall establish waste minimization objectives for different stages of waste generation. These objectives shall be clear and specific. The establishment of objectives shall be based on the waste generation processes, for which, factors such as the volume and complexity of waste stream, the radiation exposure levels of staff and the public, and the costs of waste minimization activities shall be considered.
3.2.2 Practical design and management measures shall be taken for waste minimization, and domestic and foreign experiences shall be drawn to control the waste generation to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable.
3.3 Waste minimization scheme
3.3.1 The waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) shall clearly specify the current or expected waste streams and their characteristics such as volume, activity and important physicochemical properties, thereby enabling accurate and comprehensive waste characterization. In addition to the aforementioned information, it shall also include input materials, material usage, generation processes, regulatory status, and technical measures and management methods for minimization.
3.3.2 A waste ledger shall be established to systematically collect data on generated and processed waste to ensure the availability of adequate supporting information.
3.3.3 It shall be demonstrated that the processing capacity to ensure that liquid waste is discharged up to standard and solid waste is cleared is available, or a feasible processing scheme shall be proposed.
3.3.4 For the generation, temporary storage and transportation of waste, the destination of the waste shall be tracked and recorded; alternative waste minimization schemes and their order of priority shall be presented, along with a recommended scheme.
3.4 Management
3.4.1 Nuclear technology utilization units shall attach importance to waste minimization and establish a concept of waste minimization.
3.4.2 An effective waste minimization strategy shall be established, which includes setting waste minimization objectives for each stage, identifying key links of waste minimization, incorporating waste minimization into training plan, and establishing management objectives along with corresponding incentive measures to promote the implementation of the waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions).
3.4.3 Quality assurance shall cover waste minimization efforts to ensure that the waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) achieves the expected objectives.
4 Waste minimization in design and construction stages
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 During the design and construction processes, raw materials shall be rationally selected and utilized, and advanced production processes and equipment shall be adopted so as to reduce waste generation during the operation and decommissioning stages.
4.1.2 Facility performance optimization aimed at waste minimization shall be carried out to reduce the costs associated with waste management and contamination control over the life of the facility.
4.1.3 During the design and construction processes, the isolation and classified packaging
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
2 Objectives and principles
2.1 Overall objectives
2.2 Main principles
3 Waste minimization program
3.1 Development, evaluation and update of waste minimization program
3.2 Waste minimization objectives
3.3 Waste minimization scheme
3.4 Management
4 Waste minimization in design and construction stages
4.1 General requirements
4.2 Design optimization
4.3 Selection of building materials
4.4 Isolation of potential contamination sources
4.5 Facilitation of decontamination
4.6 Contamination prevention in waste handling areas
5 Waste minimization in operation stage
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Waste source term reduction measures
5.3 Recycling and reuse
5.4 Waste processing for storage or disposal
6 Waste minimization in decommissioning stage
6.1 General requirements
6.2 Technical measures for waste minimization during decontamination
6.3 Management of decommissioning waste
Glossary
Appendix A Design considerations for contamination prevention in waste handling areas
Appendix B Classified collection of waste
Appendix C Waste processing methods
Standard
HAD 401/11-2020 Minimize the use of radioactive waste in nuclear technology (English Version)
Standard No.
HAD 401/11-2020
Status
valid
Language
English
File Format
PDF
Word Count
10500 words
Price(USD)
350.0
Implemented on
2020-3-10
Delivery
via email in 1 business day
Detail of HAD 401/11-2020
Standard No.
HAD 401/11-2020
English Name
Minimize the use of radioactive waste in nuclear technology
Chinese Name
核技术利用放射性废物最小化
Chinese Classification
Professional Classification
HAD
ICS Classification
Issued by
NNSA
Issued on
2020-03-10
Implemented on
2020-3-10
Status
valid
Superseded by
Superseded on
Abolished on
Superseding
Language
English
File Format
PDF
Word Count
10500 words
Price(USD)
350.0
Keywords
HAD 401/11-2020, HADT 401/11-2020, HADT 40111-2020, HAD401/11-2020, HAD 401/11, HAD401/11, HADT401/11-2020, HADT 401/11, HADT401/11, HADT40111-2020, HADT 40111, HADT40111
Introduction of HAD 401/11-2020
HAD 401/11-2020 Minimization of radioactive waste for nuclear technology utilization
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This guide provides guidance for the nuclear technology application units to carry out radioactive waste minimization (hereinafter referred to as waste minimization), and also serves as a reference for administrative approval authorities and regulatory authorities to conduct radiation safety review, supervision and management.
Appendixes A, B and C are informative.
1.2 Scope
This guide is applicable to the waste minimization during the design, construction, operation and decommissioning stages of nuclear technology utilization units that produce or use radioactive isotopes with a half-life greater than 100 days in Class A non-sealed radioactive material workplaces. Other nuclear technology utilization units are encouraged to refer to and implement this guide.
2 Objectives and principles
2.1 Overall objectives
Through source control, recycling and reuse, clearance, optimized processing and enhanced management, the generation of final radioactive solid waste (both in volume and activity) shall be reduced to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable.
2.2 Main principles
2.2.1 Source control shall be conducted to avoid or reduce waste generation.
2.2.2 When waste has been generated or is expected to be unavoidably generated, the possibility of clearance through methods such as decontamination and decay-in-storage, or the possibility of recycling/reuse, shall be considered.
2.2.3 Waste that cannot be cleared and recycled/reused shall undergo volume reduction to reduce the volume of wastes requiring disposal, thereby achieving final safe disposal.
2.2.4 Waste minimization management shall be scientifically planned and optimized, and personnel awareness shall be improved to prevent accidents.
3 Waste minimization program
3.1 Development, evaluation and update of waste minimization program
3.1.1 Waste-generating nuclear technology utilization units shall develop a waste minimization program or include a description of waste minimization (hereinafter referred to as the waste minimization provisions) in their waste management documents, including the waste minimization objectives, schemes for achieving them, and associated management measures.
3.1.2 The waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) shall be evaluated periodically (at a frequency of no less than once every five years). The evaluation shall cover trend analysis, achievement of objectives, effectiveness of technologies adopted, and lessons learned, thereby proposing measures for continuous improvement. Based on the evaluation results, the waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) shall be updated in a timely manner.
3.2 Waste minimization objectives
3.2.1 The waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) shall establish waste minimization objectives for different stages of waste generation. These objectives shall be clear and specific. The establishment of objectives shall be based on the waste generation processes, for which, factors such as the volume and complexity of waste stream, the radiation exposure levels of staff and the public, and the costs of waste minimization activities shall be considered.
3.2.2 Practical design and management measures shall be taken for waste minimization, and domestic and foreign experiences shall be drawn to control the waste generation to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable.
3.3 Waste minimization scheme
3.3.1 The waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) shall clearly specify the current or expected waste streams and their characteristics such as volume, activity and important physicochemical properties, thereby enabling accurate and comprehensive waste characterization. In addition to the aforementioned information, it shall also include input materials, material usage, generation processes, regulatory status, and technical measures and management methods for minimization.
3.3.2 A waste ledger shall be established to systematically collect data on generated and processed waste to ensure the availability of adequate supporting information.
3.3.3 It shall be demonstrated that the processing capacity to ensure that liquid waste is discharged up to standard and solid waste is cleared is available, or a feasible processing scheme shall be proposed.
3.3.4 For the generation, temporary storage and transportation of waste, the destination of the waste shall be tracked and recorded; alternative waste minimization schemes and their order of priority shall be presented, along with a recommended scheme.
3.4 Management
3.4.1 Nuclear technology utilization units shall attach importance to waste minimization and establish a concept of waste minimization.
3.4.2 An effective waste minimization strategy shall be established, which includes setting waste minimization objectives for each stage, identifying key links of waste minimization, incorporating waste minimization into training plan, and establishing management objectives along with corresponding incentive measures to promote the implementation of the waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions).
3.4.3 Quality assurance shall cover waste minimization efforts to ensure that the waste minimization program (or the waste minimization provisions) achieves the expected objectives.
4 Waste minimization in design and construction stages
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 During the design and construction processes, raw materials shall be rationally selected and utilized, and advanced production processes and equipment shall be adopted so as to reduce waste generation during the operation and decommissioning stages.
4.1.2 Facility performance optimization aimed at waste minimization shall be carried out to reduce the costs associated with waste management and contamination control over the life of the facility.
4.1.3 During the design and construction processes, the isolation and classified packaging
Contents of HAD 401/11-2020
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
2 Objectives and principles
2.1 Overall objectives
2.2 Main principles
3 Waste minimization program
3.1 Development, evaluation and update of waste minimization program
3.2 Waste minimization objectives
3.3 Waste minimization scheme
3.4 Management
4 Waste minimization in design and construction stages
4.1 General requirements
4.2 Design optimization
4.3 Selection of building materials
4.4 Isolation of potential contamination sources
4.5 Facilitation of decontamination
4.6 Contamination prevention in waste handling areas
5 Waste minimization in operation stage
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Waste source term reduction measures
5.3 Recycling and reuse
5.4 Waste processing for storage or disposal
6 Waste minimization in decommissioning stage
6.1 General requirements
6.2 Technical measures for waste minimization during decontamination
6.3 Management of decommissioning waste
Glossary
Appendix A Design considerations for contamination prevention in waste handling areas
Appendix B Classified collection of waste
Appendix C Waste processing methods
