1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with view to implementing the national laws and regulations on production safety, achieving construction safety, technical reliability and economic rationality in earthwork of building construction.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the construction of earthwork for industrial and civil buildings and structures to achieve safety.
1.0.3 The safety technical requirements for earthwork of building construction shall meet the requirements of, in addition to this code, the current relevant standards of the nation.
2 Basic Requirements
2.0.1 The earthwork construction shall be undertaken by the enterprise with corresponding qualification and safety production license.
2.0.2 A special earthwork construction safety plan shall be prepared and implemented strictly.
2.0.3 Safety education and safety technical disclosure against safety risks shall be carried out before construction. Special operating personnel must be certified to work, and mechanical operators shall be trained in professional technology.
2.0.4 When there is any hazard that may endanger personal and public safety identified in the construction site, the operation must be stopped immediately, and the construction can be resumed only after the hazard is removed.
2.0.5 During the earthwork construction, when any underground cultural relic such as ancient tomb and antiquity or other unrecognizable liquid, gas and foreign matter are found, the operation shall be stopped immediately to protect the site and such conditions shall be reported to the relevant departments before further construction.
3 Machinery and Equipment
3.1 General Requirements
3.1.1 The machinery and equipment used for earthwork construction shall be provided with end-of-manufacturing certificates. They must be operated correctly and reasonably according to the technical performance, bearing capacity and service conditions specified in the instructions for use. It is strictly forbidden for overload or to expand the scope of use arbitrarily.
3.1.2 Newly purchased, overhauled or technically modified machinery and equipment shall be tested and commissioned in accordance with relevant requirements.
3.1.3 Machinery and equipment shall be regularly maintained and repaired. It is strictly forbidden for them to operate under fault conditions.
3.1.4 Before the machinery and equipment enter the site, the site and the road shall be surveyed. Necessary measures shall be taken in areas that do not meet the requirements for access.
3.1.5 The construction site shall be inspected before operation to identify the source of danger. Mechanical work should not be carried out within a 2m radius of underground cables or gas pipes.
3.1.6 During operation, the operator shall not leave the post without authorization or hand over the machinery and equipment to other uncertified personnel. It is strictly forbidden to operate machinery and equipment after drinking or in fatigue status. Unrelated personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the work area and operating room. When the machinery and equipment are subjected to continuous operation, the handover system shall be observed.
3.1.7 Supporting personnel of machinery and equipment shall work outside the radius of gyration of the machinery and equipment; when working within the radius of gyration, a special personnel must be responsible for coordination and command.
3.1.8 In any of the following conditions, operations shall be stopped immediately:
1 The soil in the filling and excavation area is unstable and may collapse;
2 There is water spraying and slurry emitting on the ground, and vesicles are trapped, or slip on a slope due to rain;
3 Heavy rain, lightning, dense fog, water level skyrocket and flash floods occur;
4 Construction signs and protective facilities are damaged;
5 The clearance of the working surface is not enough to ensure safe operation;
6 There are other situations where work and operation safety cannot be guaranteed.
3.1.9 When machinery and equipment are in operation, it is strictly forbidden to touch the rotating parts and carry out maintenance.
3.1.10 When working at night, the site must have sufficient lighting; the lighting device of the machinery and equipment shall be intact.
3.1.11 Machinery and equipment used in winter shall be in accordance with relevant requirements.
3.1.12 During construction in winter and rainy season, the ice, snow and accumulated water on the site and roads shall be removed in time, with effective anti-skid measures taken.
3.1.13 After each blasting of the blasting engineering, the on-site safety officer shall explain to the equipment operator the presence or absence of a dangerous situation such as unexploded charge.
3.1.14 After the operation is completed, the machinery and equipment shall be parked in a safe place. The operating personnel shall not stay inside the machinery and equipment in non-working time.
3.2 Earth and Stone Excavation Equipment
I Excavator
3.2.1 Before excavation, the driver can start the equipment only after sending a signal and confirming safety. The equipment shall be stable and should avoid emergency braking during operation. When the bucket does not leave the working surface, it is not allowed to make movements such as rotation or moving. The bucket shall not be lifted or lowered too fast, and shall not hit the frame or crawler belt during lowering.
3.2.2 The loading operation shall be carried out after the transport vehicle has stopped. The bucket shall not hit any part of the transport vehicle; the bucket shall not be crossed from the top of the transport cab during rotation.
3.2.3 During the dragline or backhoe operation, the safety distance from the excavator crawler belt to the edge of the working surface shall not be less than 1.0m.
3.2.4 Safety protection measures shall be taken when excavation work is carried out on the edge of the cliff. There shall be no umbrella-shaped and loose large block stones on the working surface.
3.2.5 During the running or operation of the excavator, the material shall not be lifted by the bucket, and it is strictly forbidden for people to stand outside the driving cab.
3.2.6 After the excavator stops operations, it shall be parked in a solid, flat and safe area, and the bucket shall be retracted and laid flat on the ground.
II Bulldozer
3.2.7 When the bulldozer is working, it is strictly forbidden for people to stand on the crawler belt or the blade holder.
3.2.8 The bulldozer shall be driven in low speed gear during uphill and downhill. Gear shifting and coasting in neutral shall be avoided during uphill and downhill respectively. When descending a steep slope, the shovel shall be lowered to contact the ground.
3.2.9 The water depth must be identified before a bulldozer drives or operates in an area with accumulated water.
3.2.10 When the bulldozer is used to backfill the trench, a special personnel shall be assigned to give the command. It is strictly forbidden to push the shovel out of the edge.
3.2.11 When two or more bulldozers are operating in the same area, their longitudinal distance shall not be less than 8m, and their horizontal distance shall not be less than 1.5m when working parallelly.
III Scraper
3.2.12 The carriageway shall be refurbished before the scraper operates. The pavement width should be 2m wider than the scraper width.
3.2.13 When operating along the edge of the ditch or the fill side slope, the self-propelled scraper shall run in low speed with the tire at least 0.7m away from the shoulder and the bucket lowered.
3.2.14 When two or more scrapers are operating in the same area: their longitudinal distance shall not be less than 20m (not less than 10m when shoveling) for self-propelled scrapers, and shall not be less than 10m (not less than 5m when shoveling) for towed scrapers; and their horizontal distance shall not be less than 2m for both parallel self-propelled scrapers and towed scrapers.
IV Loader
3.2.15 The loader shall operate in low speed gear. It is strictly forbidden to carry people in the bucket.
3.2.16 The loader shall not be operated on a site where the inclination exceeds the specified level.
3.2.17 When the loader is loading a car, its bucket shall not pass over the driving cab of the vehicle. Overload and unbalanced load shall be avoided.
3.2.18 When the loader unloads at side slopes, gullies and dimples, a special personnel shall be assigned for commanding. The distance between the tyres and the edge of the trench or pit shall be greater than 1.5m, and anti-skid wood blockage shall be placed.
1 General Provisions
2 Basic Requirements
3 Machinery and Equipment
3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Earth and Stone Excavation Equipment
3.3 Earth Leveling and Transportation Equipment
4 Site Leveling
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Site Leveling
4.3 On-site Roads
5 Earth and Stone Blasting
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Operation Requirements
5.3 Blasting Safety Protection and Blasting Apparatus Management
6 Foundation Pit Engineering
6.1 General Requirements
6.2 Foundation Pit Excavation Protection
6.3 Operation Requirements
6.4 Danger Prevention
7 Slope Engineering
7.1 General Requirements
7.2 Operation Requirements
7.3 Danger Prevention
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards
Explanation of Provisions
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with view to implementing the national laws and regulations on production safety, achieving construction safety, technical reliability and economic rationality in earthwork of building construction.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the construction of earthwork for industrial and civil buildings and structures to achieve safety.
1.0.3 The safety technical requirements for earthwork of building construction shall meet the requirements of, in addition to this code, the current relevant standards of the nation.
2 Basic Requirements
2.0.1 The earthwork construction shall be undertaken by the enterprise with corresponding qualification and safety production license.
2.0.2 A special earthwork construction safety plan shall be prepared and implemented strictly.
2.0.3 Safety education and safety technical disclosure against safety risks shall be carried out before construction. Special operating personnel must be certified to work, and mechanical operators shall be trained in professional technology.
2.0.4 When there is any hazard that may endanger personal and public safety identified in the construction site, the operation must be stopped immediately, and the construction can be resumed only after the hazard is removed.
2.0.5 During the earthwork construction, when any underground cultural relic such as ancient tomb and antiquity or other unrecognizable liquid, gas and foreign matter are found, the operation shall be stopped immediately to protect the site and such conditions shall be reported to the relevant departments before further construction.
3 Machinery and Equipment
3.1 General Requirements
3.1.1 The machinery and equipment used for earthwork construction shall be provided with end-of-manufacturing certificates. They must be operated correctly and reasonably according to the technical performance, bearing capacity and service conditions specified in the instructions for use. It is strictly forbidden for overload or to expand the scope of use arbitrarily.
3.1.2 Newly purchased, overhauled or technically modified machinery and equipment shall be tested and commissioned in accordance with relevant requirements.
3.1.3 Machinery and equipment shall be regularly maintained and repaired. It is strictly forbidden for them to operate under fault conditions.
3.1.4 Before the machinery and equipment enter the site, the site and the road shall be surveyed. Necessary measures shall be taken in areas that do not meet the requirements for access.
3.1.5 The construction site shall be inspected before operation to identify the source of danger. Mechanical work should not be carried out within a 2m radius of underground cables or gas pipes.
3.1.6 During operation, the operator shall not leave the post without authorization or hand over the machinery and equipment to other uncertified personnel. It is strictly forbidden to operate machinery and equipment after drinking or in fatigue status. Unrelated personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the work area and operating room. When the machinery and equipment are subjected to continuous operation, the handover system shall be observed.
3.1.7 Supporting personnel of machinery and equipment shall work outside the radius of gyration of the machinery and equipment; when working within the radius of gyration, a special personnel must be responsible for coordination and command.
3.1.8 In any of the following conditions, operations shall be stopped immediately:
1 The soil in the filling and excavation area is unstable and may collapse;
2 There is water spraying and slurry emitting on the ground, and vesicles are trapped, or slip on a slope due to rain;
3 Heavy rain, lightning, dense fog, water level skyrocket and flash floods occur;
4 Construction signs and protective facilities are damaged;
5 The clearance of the working surface is not enough to ensure safe operation;
6 There are other situations where work and operation safety cannot be guaranteed.
3.1.9 When machinery and equipment are in operation, it is strictly forbidden to touch the rotating parts and carry out maintenance.
3.1.10 When working at night, the site must have sufficient lighting; the lighting device of the machinery and equipment shall be intact.
3.1.11 Machinery and equipment used in winter shall be in accordance with relevant requirements.
3.1.12 During construction in winter and rainy season, the ice, snow and accumulated water on the site and roads shall be removed in time, with effective anti-skid measures taken.
3.1.13 After each blasting of the blasting engineering, the on-site safety officer shall explain to the equipment operator the presence or absence of a dangerous situation such as unexploded charge.
3.1.14 After the operation is completed, the machinery and equipment shall be parked in a safe place. The operating personnel shall not stay inside the machinery and equipment in non-working time.
3.2 Earth and Stone Excavation Equipment
I Excavator
3.2.1 Before excavation, the driver can start the equipment only after sending a signal and confirming safety. The equipment shall be stable and should avoid emergency braking during operation. When the bucket does not leave the working surface, it is not allowed to make movements such as rotation or moving. The bucket shall not be lifted or lowered too fast, and shall not hit the frame or crawler belt during lowering.
3.2.2 The loading operation shall be carried out after the transport vehicle has stopped. The bucket shall not hit any part of the transport vehicle; the bucket shall not be crossed from the top of the transport cab during rotation.
3.2.3 During the dragline or backhoe operation, the safety distance from the excavator crawler belt to the edge of the working surface shall not be less than 1.0m.
3.2.4 Safety protection measures shall be taken when excavation work is carried out on the edge of the cliff. There shall be no umbrella-shaped and loose large block stones on the working surface.
3.2.5 During the running or operation of the excavator, the material shall not be lifted by the bucket, and it is strictly forbidden for people to stand outside the driving cab.
3.2.6 After the excavator stops operations, it shall be parked in a solid, flat and safe area, and the bucket shall be retracted and laid flat on the ground.
II Bulldozer
3.2.7 When the bulldozer is working, it is strictly forbidden for people to stand on the crawler belt or the blade holder.
3.2.8 The bulldozer shall be driven in low speed gear during uphill and downhill. Gear shifting and coasting in neutral shall be avoided during uphill and downhill respectively. When descending a steep slope, the shovel shall be lowered to contact the ground.
3.2.9 The water depth must be identified before a bulldozer drives or operates in an area with accumulated water.
3.2.10 When the bulldozer is used to backfill the trench, a special personnel shall be assigned to give the command. It is strictly forbidden to push the shovel out of the edge.
3.2.11 When two or more bulldozers are operating in the same area, their longitudinal distance shall not be less than 8m, and their horizontal distance shall not be less than 1.5m when working parallelly.
III Scraper
3.2.12 The carriageway shall be refurbished before the scraper operates. The pavement width should be 2m wider than the scraper width.
3.2.13 When operating along the edge of the ditch or the fill side slope, the self-propelled scraper shall run in low speed with the tire at least 0.7m away from the shoulder and the bucket lowered.
3.2.14 When two or more scrapers are operating in the same area: their longitudinal distance shall not be less than 20m (not less than 10m when shoveling) for self-propelled scrapers, and shall not be less than 10m (not less than 5m when shoveling) for towed scrapers; and their horizontal distance shall not be less than 2m for both parallel self-propelled scrapers and towed scrapers.
IV Loader
3.2.15 The loader shall operate in low speed gear. It is strictly forbidden to carry people in the bucket.
3.2.16 The loader shall not be operated on a site where the inclination exceeds the specified level.
3.2.17 When the loader is loading a car, its bucket shall not pass over the driving cab of the vehicle. Overload and unbalanced load shall be avoided.
3.2.18 When the loader unloads at side slopes, gullies and dimples, a special personnel shall be assigned for commanding. The distance between the tyres and the edge of the trench or pit shall be greater than 1.5m, and anti-skid wood blockage shall be placed.
Contents of JGJ 180-2009
1 General Provisions
2 Basic Requirements
3 Machinery and Equipment
3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Earth and Stone Excavation Equipment
3.3 Earth Leveling and Transportation Equipment
4 Site Leveling
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Site Leveling
4.3 On-site Roads
5 Earth and Stone Blasting
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Operation Requirements
5.3 Blasting Safety Protection and Blasting Apparatus Management
6 Foundation Pit Engineering
6.1 General Requirements
6.2 Foundation Pit Excavation Protection
6.3 Operation Requirements
6.4 Danger Prevention
7 Slope Engineering
7.1 General Requirements
7.2 Operation Requirements
7.3 Danger Prevention
Explanation of Wording in This Code
List of Quoted Standards
Explanation of Provisions
