Safety of Laser Products — Part 1: Equipment Classification and Requirements
1 Scope
This part is applicable to safety of laser products emitting laser radiation in the wavelength range 180 nm to 1 mm.
A laser product may consist of a single laser with or without a separate power supply or may incorporate one or more lasers in a complex optical, electrical, or mechanical system. Typically, laser products are used for demonstration of physical and optical phenomena, materials processing, data reading and storage, transmission and display of information, etc. Such systems have found use in industry, business, entertainment, research, education, medicine and consumer products.
Laser products that are sold to other manufacturers for use as components of any system for subsequent sale are not subject to IEC 60825-1, since the final product will itself be subject to this part. However, if the laser system within the laser product is operable when removed from the equipment, the requirements of this part apply to the removable unit.
Note 1: Operable equipment does not require a tool to prepare for operation.
Any laser product is exempt from all further requirements of this part if classification by the manufacturer of that product according to Clauses 3, 8 and 9 shows that the emission level does not exceed the AEL (accessible emission limit) of Class 1 under all conditions of operation, maintenance, service and failure.
Note 2: The above exemption is to ensure that inherently safe laser products are not unnecessarily subject to the standard.
In addition to the hazards resulting from laser radiation, laser equipment may also give rise to other hazards such as fire and electric shock.
Note 3: However, the classification and other requirements of this part are intended to address only the laser radiation hazards to the eyes and skin. Other hazards are not included within its scope.
This part describes the minimum requirements. Compliance with this part may not be sufficient to achieve the required level of product safety. Laser products must conform to the applicable performance and testing requirements of the applicable product safety standards.
Note 4: Other standards may contain additional requirements. Consideration should also be given to the intended application and user group. For example, a class 3B or class 4 laser product may not be suitable for use as a consumer product.
Where a laser system forms a part of equipment which is subject to another IEC product safety standard (e.g. for medical equipment (IEC 60601-2-22), IT equipment (IEC 60950), audio and video equipment (IEC 60065), equipment for use in hazardous atmospheres (IEC 60079), or electric toys (IEC 62115)), this part will apply in accordance with the provisions of IEC Guide 104 for hazards resulting from laser radiation. If no product safety standard is applicable, then IEC 61010-1 applies.
In previous editions, LEDs were included in the scope of IEC 60825-1, and they may be still included in other parts of the IEC 60825 series. However, with the development of lamp safety standards, optical radiation safety of LEDs in general can be more appropriately addressed by lamp safety standards. The removal of LEDs from the scope of this part does not preclude other standards from including LEDs whenever they refer to lasers. CIE S009 may be applied to determine the risk group class of an LED or product incorporating one or more LEDs.
The MPE (maximum permissible exposure) values of this part were developed for laser radiation and do not apply to collateral radiation. However, if a concern exists that accessible collateral radiation might be hazardous, the laser MPE values may be applied to conservatively evaluate this potential hazard.
The MPE values are not applicable to intentional human exposure to laser radiation for the purpose of medical or cosmetic/aesthetic treatment.
Note 5: Annexes A to H have been included for purposes of general guidance and to illustrate many typical cases. However, the annexes are not regarded as definitive or exhaustive and reference should always be made to the appropriate clause(s) in the normative part of this document.
The objectives of this part of IEC 60825 are the following:
• to introduce a system of classification of lasers and laser products according to their degree of optical radiation hazard in order to aid hazard evaluation and to aid the determination of user control measures;
• to establish requirements for the manufacturer to supply information so that proper precautions can be adopted;
• to ensure, through labels and instructions, adequate warning to individuals of hazards associated with accessible radiation from laser products;
• to reduce the possibility of injury by minimizing unnecessary accessible radiation and to give improved control of the laser radiation hazards through protective features.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-845:1987 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 845: Lighting
IEC 60601-2-22 Medical Electrical Equipment — Part 2: Particular Requirements for the Safety of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Laser Equipment
IEC 61010-1 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use — Part 1: General Reauirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-845 as well as the following apply. For convenience of use, some of the terms and definitions in IEC 60050-845 are listed below.
Note: For convenience here, the definitions have been arranged in English alphabetical order. Departures from IEC 60050-845 are intentional and are indicated. In such cases, reference is made, between brackets, to the definition of Part 845 of IEC 60050, with the mention “modified”.
3.1
access panel
part of the protective housing or enclosure which provides access to laser radiation when removed or displaced
3.2
accessible emission
level of radiation determined at a position and with aperture stops (when the AEL is given in units of Watts or Joules) or limiting apertures (when the AEL is given in units of W·m-2 or J·m-2) as described in Clause 9
The accessible emission is determined where human access is considered, as specified in Definition 3.37. The accessible emission is compared with the accessible emission limit (Definition 3.3) in order to determine the class of the laser product. In the body of the standard, whenever the term “emission level” is used, it is to be understood as accessible emission.
Note: When the beam diameter is larger than the aperture stop, the accessible emission when given in units of Watts or Joules is less than the total emitted power or energy of the laser product. When the beam diameter is smaller than the diameter of the limiting aperture, the accessible emission when given in units of W·m-2 or J·m-2, i.e. as irradiance or radiant exposure averaged over the limiting aperture, is smaller than the actual irradiance or radiant exposure of the beam. See also aperture stop (3.9) and limiting aperture (3.52).
Foreword IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Engineering Specifications
4.1 General remarks
4.2 Protective housing
4.3 Access panels and safety interlocks
4.4 Remote interlock connector
4.5 Manual reset
4.6 Key control
4.7 Laser radiation emission warning
4.8 Beam stop or attenuator
4.9 Controls
4.10 Viewing optics
4.11 Scanning safeguard
4.12 "Walk-in" access
4.13 Environmental conditions
4.14 Protection against other hazards
5 Labelling
5.1 General
5.2 Class 1 and Class 1M
5.3 Class 2 and Class 2M
5.4 Class 3R
5.5 Class 3B
5.6 Class 4
5.7 Aperture label
5.8 Radiation output and standards information
5.9 Labels for access panels
5.10 Warning for invisible laser radiation
5.11 Warning for visible laser radiation
6 Other Informational Requirements
6.1 Information for the user
6.2 Purchasing and servicing information
7 Additional Requirements for Specific Laser Products
7.1 Other parts of the standard series IEC 60825
7.2 Medical laser products
7.3 Laser processing machines
7.4 Electric toys
7.5 Consumer electronic products
8 Classification
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Classification responsibilities
8.3 Classification rules
9 Determination of the Accessible Emission Level
9.1 Tests
9.2 Measurement of laser radiation
9.3 Measurement geometry
Annex A (Informative) Maximum Permissible Exposure Values
Annex B (Informative) Examples of Calculations
Annex C (Informative) Description of the Classes and Potentially Associated Hazards
Annex D (Informative) Biophysical Considerations
Annex E (Informative) MPEs and AELs Expressed as Radiance
Annex F (Informative) Summary Tables
Annex G (informative) Overview of Associated Parts of IEC 60825
Bibliography
Figure 1 Warning label – Hazard symbol
Figure 2 Explanatory label
Figure 3 Measurement set-up to limit angle of acceptance by imaging the apparent source onto the plane of the field stop
Figure 4 Measurement set-up to limit angle of acceptance by placing a circular aperture or a mask (serving as field stop) close to the apparent source
Figure 5 Experimental set-up for the determination of the accessible emission (above) and the angular subtense of the apparent source (below) for condition 2 when an extended source is to be considered (i.e. not using the default, simplified evaluation)
Figure B.1 Flowchart guide for the classification of laser products from supplied output parameters
Figure B.2 Flowchart guide for the classification of Class 1M and Class 2M laser products
Figure B.3 AEL for Class 1 ultra-violet laser products for selected emission durations from 10–9 s to 103 s
Figure B.4 AEL for Class 1 ultra-violet laser products for emission durations from 10–9 s to 103 s at selected wavelengths
Figure B.5 AEL for Class 1 visible and selected infra-red laser products (case C6 = 1)
Figure D.1 Anatomy of the eye
Figure D.2 Diagram of laser-induced damage in biological systems
Figure E.1 Radiance as a function of wavelength
Table 1 Requirements for safety interlocking
Table 2 Additivity of effects on eye and skin of radiation of different spectral regions
Table 3 Times below which pulse groups are summed
Table 4 Accessible emission limits for Class 1 and Class 1M laser products and C6=1a,b
Table 5 Accessible emission limits for Class 1 laser products in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1 400 nm (retinal hazard region): extended sources a,b,c,d,e
Table 6 Accessible emission limits for Class 2 and Class 2M laser products
Table 7 Accessible emission limits for Class 3R laser products and C6=1a,b,c
Table 8 Accessible emission limits for Class 3R laser products in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1 400 nm (retinal hazard region): extended sources a,b
Table 9 Accessible emission limits for Class 3B laser products
Table 10 Correction factors and breakpoints for use in AEL and MPE evaluations
Table 11 Measurement aperture diameters and measurement distances for the default (simplified) evaluation
Table 12 Reference points
Table 13 Limiting angle of acceptance γph
Table A.1 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) for C6=1 at the cornea for exposure to laser radiation a,b
Table A.2 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) at the cornea for exposure to laser radiation from extended sources in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1 400 nm (retinal hazard region)
Table A.3 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) of the skin to laser radiation a,b
Table A.4 Aperture diameters for measuring laser irradiance and radiant exposure
Table D.1 Summary of pathological effects associated with excessive exposure to light
Table D.2 Explanation of measurement apertures applied to the MPEs
Table E.1 Maximum radiance of a diffused source for Class 1
Table F.1 – Summary of the physical quantities used in this part
Table F.2 Summary of manufacturer's requirements
Table G.1 Overview of additional data in associated parts of IEC 60825
Safety of Laser Products — Part 1: Equipment Classification and Requirements
1 Scope
This part is applicable to safety of laser products emitting laser radiation in the wavelength range 180 nm to 1 mm.
A laser product may consist of a single laser with or without a separate power supply or may incorporate one or more lasers in a complex optical, electrical, or mechanical system. Typically, laser products are used for demonstration of physical and optical phenomena, materials processing, data reading and storage, transmission and display of information, etc. Such systems have found use in industry, business, entertainment, research, education, medicine and consumer products.
Laser products that are sold to other manufacturers for use as components of any system for subsequent sale are not subject to IEC 60825-1, since the final product will itself be subject to this part. However, if the laser system within the laser product is operable when removed from the equipment, the requirements of this part apply to the removable unit.
Note 1: Operable equipment does not require a tool to prepare for operation.
Any laser product is exempt from all further requirements of this part if classification by the manufacturer of that product according to Clauses 3, 8 and 9 shows that the emission level does not exceed the AEL (accessible emission limit) of Class 1 under all conditions of operation, maintenance, service and failure.
Note 2: The above exemption is to ensure that inherently safe laser products are not unnecessarily subject to the standard.
In addition to the hazards resulting from laser radiation, laser equipment may also give rise to other hazards such as fire and electric shock.
Note 3: However, the classification and other requirements of this part are intended to address only the laser radiation hazards to the eyes and skin. Other hazards are not included within its scope.
This part describes the minimum requirements. Compliance with this part may not be sufficient to achieve the required level of product safety. Laser products must conform to the applicable performance and testing requirements of the applicable product safety standards.
Note 4: Other standards may contain additional requirements. Consideration should also be given to the intended application and user group. For example, a class 3B or class 4 laser product may not be suitable for use as a consumer product.
Where a laser system forms a part of equipment which is subject to another IEC product safety standard (e.g. for medical equipment (IEC 60601-2-22), IT equipment (IEC 60950), audio and video equipment (IEC 60065), equipment for use in hazardous atmospheres (IEC 60079), or electric toys (IEC 62115)), this part will apply in accordance with the provisions of IEC Guide 104 for hazards resulting from laser radiation. If no product safety standard is applicable, then IEC 61010-1 applies.
In previous editions, LEDs were included in the scope of IEC 60825-1, and they may be still included in other parts of the IEC 60825 series. However, with the development of lamp safety standards, optical radiation safety of LEDs in general can be more appropriately addressed by lamp safety standards. The removal of LEDs from the scope of this part does not preclude other standards from including LEDs whenever they refer to lasers. CIE S009 may be applied to determine the risk group class of an LED or product incorporating one or more LEDs.
The MPE (maximum permissible exposure) values of this part were developed for laser radiation and do not apply to collateral radiation. However, if a concern exists that accessible collateral radiation might be hazardous, the laser MPE values may be applied to conservatively evaluate this potential hazard.
The MPE values are not applicable to intentional human exposure to laser radiation for the purpose of medical or cosmetic/aesthetic treatment.
Note 5: Annexes A to H have been included for purposes of general guidance and to illustrate many typical cases. However, the annexes are not regarded as definitive or exhaustive and reference should always be made to the appropriate clause(s) in the normative part of this document.
The objectives of this part of IEC 60825 are the following:
• to introduce a system of classification of lasers and laser products according to their degree of optical radiation hazard in order to aid hazard evaluation and to aid the determination of user control measures;
• to establish requirements for the manufacturer to supply information so that proper precautions can be adopted;
• to ensure, through labels and instructions, adequate warning to individuals of hazards associated with accessible radiation from laser products;
• to reduce the possibility of injury by minimizing unnecessary accessible radiation and to give improved control of the laser radiation hazards through protective features.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-845:1987 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) — Chapter 845: Lighting
IEC 60601-2-22 Medical Electrical Equipment — Part 2: Particular Requirements for the Safety of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Laser Equipment
IEC 61010-1 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use — Part 1: General Reauirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-845 as well as the following apply. For convenience of use, some of the terms and definitions in IEC 60050-845 are listed below.
Note: For convenience here, the definitions have been arranged in English alphabetical order. Departures from IEC 60050-845 are intentional and are indicated. In such cases, reference is made, between brackets, to the definition of Part 845 of IEC 60050, with the mention “modified”.
3.1
access panel
part of the protective housing or enclosure which provides access to laser radiation when removed or displaced
3.2
accessible emission
level of radiation determined at a position and with aperture stops (when the AEL is given in units of Watts or Joules) or limiting apertures (when the AEL is given in units of W·m-2 or J·m-2) as described in Clause 9
The accessible emission is determined where human access is considered, as specified in Definition 3.37. The accessible emission is compared with the accessible emission limit (Definition 3.3) in order to determine the class of the laser product. In the body of the standard, whenever the term “emission level” is used, it is to be understood as accessible emission.
Note: When the beam diameter is larger than the aperture stop, the accessible emission when given in units of Watts or Joules is less than the total emitted power or energy of the laser product. When the beam diameter is smaller than the diameter of the limiting aperture, the accessible emission when given in units of W·m-2 or J·m-2, i.e. as irradiance or radiant exposure averaged over the limiting aperture, is smaller than the actual irradiance or radiant exposure of the beam. See also aperture stop (3.9) and limiting aperture (3.52).
Contents of GB 7247.1-2012
Foreword IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Engineering Specifications
4.1 General remarks
4.2 Protective housing
4.3 Access panels and safety interlocks
4.4 Remote interlock connector
4.5 Manual reset
4.6 Key control
4.7 Laser radiation emission warning
4.8 Beam stop or attenuator
4.9 Controls
4.10 Viewing optics
4.11 Scanning safeguard
4.12 "Walk-in" access
4.13 Environmental conditions
4.14 Protection against other hazards
5 Labelling
5.1 General
5.2 Class 1 and Class 1M
5.3 Class 2 and Class 2M
5.4 Class 3R
5.5 Class 3B
5.6 Class 4
5.7 Aperture label
5.8 Radiation output and standards information
5.9 Labels for access panels
5.10 Warning for invisible laser radiation
5.11 Warning for visible laser radiation
6 Other Informational Requirements
6.1 Information for the user
6.2 Purchasing and servicing information
7 Additional Requirements for Specific Laser Products
7.1 Other parts of the standard series IEC 60825
7.2 Medical laser products
7.3 Laser processing machines
7.4 Electric toys
7.5 Consumer electronic products
8 Classification
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Classification responsibilities
8.3 Classification rules
9 Determination of the Accessible Emission Level
9.1 Tests
9.2 Measurement of laser radiation
9.3 Measurement geometry
Annex A (Informative) Maximum Permissible Exposure Values
Annex B (Informative) Examples of Calculations
Annex C (Informative) Description of the Classes and Potentially Associated Hazards
Annex D (Informative) Biophysical Considerations
Annex E (Informative) MPEs and AELs Expressed as Radiance
Annex F (Informative) Summary Tables
Annex G (informative) Overview of Associated Parts of IEC 60825
Bibliography
Figure 1 Warning label – Hazard symbol
Figure 2 Explanatory label
Figure 3 Measurement set-up to limit angle of acceptance by imaging the apparent source onto the plane of the field stop
Figure 4 Measurement set-up to limit angle of acceptance by placing a circular aperture or a mask (serving as field stop) close to the apparent source
Figure 5 Experimental set-up for the determination of the accessible emission (above) and the angular subtense of the apparent source (below) for condition 2 when an extended source is to be considered (i.e. not using the default, simplified evaluation)
Figure B.1 Flowchart guide for the classification of laser products from supplied output parameters
Figure B.2 Flowchart guide for the classification of Class 1M and Class 2M laser products
Figure B.3 AEL for Class 1 ultra-violet laser products for selected emission durations from 10–9 s to 103 s
Figure B.4 AEL for Class 1 ultra-violet laser products for emission durations from 10–9 s to 103 s at selected wavelengths
Figure B.5 AEL for Class 1 visible and selected infra-red laser products (case C6 = 1)
Figure D.1 Anatomy of the eye
Figure D.2 Diagram of laser-induced damage in biological systems
Figure E.1 Radiance as a function of wavelength
Table 1 Requirements for safety interlocking
Table 2 Additivity of effects on eye and skin of radiation of different spectral regions
Table 3 Times below which pulse groups are summed
Table 4 Accessible emission limits for Class 1 and Class 1M laser products and C6=1a,b
Table 5 Accessible emission limits for Class 1 laser products in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1 400 nm (retinal hazard region): extended sources a,b,c,d,e
Table 6 Accessible emission limits for Class 2 and Class 2M laser products
Table 7 Accessible emission limits for Class 3R laser products and C6=1a,b,c
Table 8 Accessible emission limits for Class 3R laser products in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1 400 nm (retinal hazard region): extended sources a,b
Table 9 Accessible emission limits for Class 3B laser products
Table 10 Correction factors and breakpoints for use in AEL and MPE evaluations
Table 11 Measurement aperture diameters and measurement distances for the default (simplified) evaluation
Table 12 Reference points
Table 13 Limiting angle of acceptance γph
Table A.1 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) for C6=1 at the cornea for exposure to laser radiation a,b
Table A.2 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) at the cornea for exposure to laser radiation from extended sources in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1 400 nm (retinal hazard region)
Table A.3 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) of the skin to laser radiation a,b
Table A.4 Aperture diameters for measuring laser irradiance and radiant exposure
Table D.1 Summary of pathological effects associated with excessive exposure to light
Table D.2 Explanation of measurement apertures applied to the MPEs
Table E.1 Maximum radiance of a diffused source for Class 1
Table F.1 – Summary of the physical quantities used in this part
Table F.2 Summary of manufacturer's requirements
Table G.1 Overview of additional data in associated parts of IEC 60825
