1 Scope
This standard covers the gas and arc welding of butt, fillet, and socket welds in carbon and low-alloy steel piping and fitting used in the transmission pipeline, piping, valve chamber and station of crude petroleum, petroleum products, fuel gases, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and, where applicable, covers welding on distribution systems.
The welding may be done by a shielded metal-arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas tungsten-arc welding, gas metal-arc welding, flux-cored arc welding, plasma arc welding, oxyacetylene welding, or welding processor by a combination of these processes using a manual, semiautomatic, mechanized, or automatic welding technique or a combination of these techniques. The welds may be produced by position or roll welding or by a combination of position and roll welding.
This standard also covers the procedures for radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and ultrasonic testing, as well as the acceptance standards to be applied to production welds tested to destruction or inspected by radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and visual testing methods.
This standard applies to both new construction, in-service and repair welding.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 229 Metallic Materials – Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method (GB/T 229-2007, ISO 148-1:2006, MOD)
GB/T 3091 Welded Steel Pipes for Low Pressure Liquid Delivery (GB/T 3091-2008, ISO 559:1991, NEQ)
GB/T 4340 Metallic Materials - Vickers Hardness Test
GB/T 5117 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding of Non-alloy and Fine Grain Steels (GB/T 5117-2012, ISO2560:2009, MOD)
GB/T 5118 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding of Creep-resisting Steels (GB/T 5118-2012, ISO 3580:2010, MOD)
GB/T 5293 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding (GB/T 5293-1999, ANSI/AWS A5.17:1989, EQV)
GB/T 8110 Welding Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielding Arc Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel (GB/T 8110-2008, AWS A5.18M:2005, MOD)
GB/T 9711 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Steel Pipe for Pipeline Transportation Systems (GB/T 9711-2011.ISO 3183:2O07, MOD)
GB/T 10045 Carbon Steel Flux Cored Electrodes for Arc Welding (GB/T 10045-2001, ANSI/AWS A5.20:1995, MOD)
GB/T 12459 Steel Butt-welding Seamless Pipe Fittings (GB/T 12459-2005, ASME B16.9:2001, MOD)
GB/T 12470 Low-alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 13793 Steel Pipes with a Longitudinal Electric (Resistance) Weld (GB/T 13793-2008, ASTM A 53/A 53M:2005 JIS G 3444:2004, MOD)
GB/T 14957 Steel Wires for Melt Welding
GB/T 17493 Low Alloy Steel Flux Cored Electrodes for Arc Welding (GB/T 17493-2008, AWS A5.29M:2005, MOD)
SY/T 0510 Code for Steel Butt Welding Fittings
SY/T 4109 Nondestructive Testing of Oil and Gas Steel Pipeline(SY/T 4109-2005, API Std 1104:1999, NEQ)
SY/T 5037 Submerged Arc-welded Steel Pipe for Common Fluid Service Pipeline
SY/T 5038 Longitudinal High-frequency-welded Steel Pipe for Common Fluid Service Pipeline
SY/T 5257 Induced Heating Steel Bend for Oil and Gas Transmission (SY/T 5257-2012, ISO 15590.1:2001, NEQ)
JB/T 7902 Non-Destructive Testing – Image Quality Indicators (Wire Type) for Radiographic Testing (JB/T 7902-2006, ISO 19232-1:2004, NEQ)
TSG Z6002:2010 Examination Rules for Welding Operators of Special Equipment, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
API RP 2201 Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum & Petrochemical Industries
ASTM E92 Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
AWS A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding Electrodes
AWS A5.2 Iron And Steel Oxyfuel Gas Welding Rods
AWS A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes
AWS A5.17 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged-Arc Welding
AWS A5.18 Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
AWS A5.28 Low-Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
AWS A5.29 Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
BS 7448
(BS 7448 Pt 2) Fracture Mechanics Toughness Test – Part 2, Method for Determination of K1C Critical CTOD and Critical J Values of Welds in Metallic Materials)
BS 7910 Guide to Methods for Assessing the Acceptability of Flaws in Metallic Structures
NACE MR0175 Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil Field Equipment
Assessment, Supervision and Administration Rules for Non-destructive Testing Personnel of Special Equipment, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
company
The owner company or the engineering agency in charge of construction. The company may act through an entrusted or authorized agency or representative.
3.2
contractor
Includes the primary contractor and any subcontractors engaged in work covered by this standard.
3.3
mechanized welding
A process where parameters and torch guidance are controlled mechanically or electronically but may be manually varied during welding to maintain the specified welding conditions.
3.4
semiautomatic welding
Arc welding with equipment that controls only the filler-metal feed. The advance of the welding torch is manually controlled.
3.5
root bead
The first or stringer bead that initially joins two sections of pipe, a section of pipe to a fitting, or two fittings.
3.6
hot pass
The second bead that is done immediately after the root bead is completed.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General Specifications for Welding
4.1 Equipment
4.2 Materials
5 Qualification of Welding Procedures
5.1 Procedure Qualification
5.2 Record
5.3 Procedure Specification
5.4 Essential Variables of Welding Procedure Specification
5.5 Welding of Test Pipe Joints – Butt Welds
5.6 Testing of Welded Joints – Butt Welds
5.7 Welding of Test Pipe Joints – Fillet Welds
5.8 Testing of Welded Joints – Fillet Welds
6 Qualification of Welders
6.1 General
6.2 Qualification Test
6.3 Test for Practice
6.4 Single Qualification
6.5 Multiple Qualification
6.6 Visual Examination of Test Welded Junction
6.7 Destructive Testing
6.8 Radiographic Testing - For Butt Welding Only
6.9 Retesting
6.10 Records
7 Design and Preparation of Welded Joint for Construction Site
7.1 General
7.2 Assembly of Pipe Ends
7.3 Use of Lineup Clamp for Butt Welds
7.4 Bevel
7.5 Weather Conditions
7.6 Clearance
7.7 Cleaning between Beads
7.8 Position Welding
7.9 Roll Welding
7.10 Identification of Welded Junction
7.11 Pre- and Post-weld Heat Treatment
8 Weld Inspection and Personnel Qualification
8.1 Inspection Items
8.2 Methods of Inspection
8.3 Qualification Authorization of Testing Personnel
8.4 Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
9 Acceptance Standard for Nondestructive Testing
9.1 General
9.2 Rights of Rejection
9.3 Radiographic Testing
9.4 Magnetic Particle Testing
9.5 Penetrant Testing
9.6 Ultrasonic Testing
9.7 Visual Acceptance Standards for Undercutting
10 Removal and Repair of Defects
10.1 Authorization for Repair
10.2 Repair Procedure
10.3 Acceptance Standards
10.4 Supervision
10.5 Welder
11 Nondestructive Testing
11.1 Radiographic testing method
11.2 Magnetic Particle Testing Method
11.3 Penetrant Testing Method
11.4 Ultrasonic Testing Method
12 Mechanized Welding with Filler Metal Additions
12.1 Applicable Welding Method
12.2 Welding Procedure Qualification
12.3 Record
12.4 Welding Procedure Specification
12.5 Change of Welding Procedure Specification
12.6 Qualification of Welding Equipment and Operators
12.7 Records of Qualified Mechanized Welding Operators
12.8 Inspection and Testing of Field Weld
12.9 Acceptance Standard for Nondestructive Testing
12.10 Repair and Removal of Defects
12.11 Radiographic Testing
12.12 Ultrasonic Testing
Appendix A (Informative) Structural Changes of This Standard Compared with API Std 1104:2010
Appendix B (Informative) Technical Differences of This Standard from API Std 1104:2010 and Their Reasons
Appendix C (Normative) Alternative Acceptance Standards for Girth Welds
Appendix D (Normative) In-Service Welding
Appendix E (Informative) Welder Test Record
Bibliography
1 Scope
This standard covers the gas and arc welding of butt, fillet, and socket welds in carbon and low-alloy steel piping and fitting used in the transmission pipeline, piping, valve chamber and station of crude petroleum, petroleum products, fuel gases, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and, where applicable, covers welding on distribution systems.
The welding may be done by a shielded metal-arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas tungsten-arc welding, gas metal-arc welding, flux-cored arc welding, plasma arc welding, oxyacetylene welding, or welding processor by a combination of these processes using a manual, semiautomatic, mechanized, or automatic welding technique or a combination of these techniques. The welds may be produced by position or roll welding or by a combination of position and roll welding.
This standard also covers the procedures for radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and ultrasonic testing, as well as the acceptance standards to be applied to production welds tested to destruction or inspected by radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and visual testing methods.
This standard applies to both new construction, in-service and repair welding.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 229 Metallic Materials – Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method (GB/T 229-2007, ISO 148-1:2006, MOD)
GB/T 3091 Welded Steel Pipes for Low Pressure Liquid Delivery (GB/T 3091-2008, ISO 559:1991, NEQ)
GB/T 4340 Metallic Materials - Vickers Hardness Test
GB/T 5117 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding of Non-alloy and Fine Grain Steels (GB/T 5117-2012, ISO2560:2009, MOD)
GB/T 5118 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding of Creep-resisting Steels (GB/T 5118-2012, ISO 3580:2010, MOD)
GB/T 5293 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding (GB/T 5293-1999, ANSI/AWS A5.17:1989, EQV)
GB/T 8110 Welding Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielding Arc Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel (GB/T 8110-2008, AWS A5.18M:2005, MOD)
GB/T 9711 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Steel Pipe for Pipeline Transportation Systems (GB/T 9711-2011.ISO 3183:2O07, MOD)
GB/T 10045 Carbon Steel Flux Cored Electrodes for Arc Welding (GB/T 10045-2001, ANSI/AWS A5.20:1995, MOD)
GB/T 12459 Steel Butt-welding Seamless Pipe Fittings (GB/T 12459-2005, ASME B16.9:2001, MOD)
GB/T 12470 Low-alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 13793 Steel Pipes with a Longitudinal Electric (Resistance) Weld (GB/T 13793-2008, ASTM A 53/A 53M:2005 JIS G 3444:2004, MOD)
GB/T 14957 Steel Wires for Melt Welding
GB/T 17493 Low Alloy Steel Flux Cored Electrodes for Arc Welding (GB/T 17493-2008, AWS A5.29M:2005, MOD)
SY/T 0510 Code for Steel Butt Welding Fittings
SY/T 4109 Nondestructive Testing of Oil and Gas Steel Pipeline(SY/T 4109-2005, API Std 1104:1999, NEQ)
SY/T 5037 Submerged Arc-welded Steel Pipe for Common Fluid Service Pipeline
SY/T 5038 Longitudinal High-frequency-welded Steel Pipe for Common Fluid Service Pipeline
SY/T 5257 Induced Heating Steel Bend for Oil and Gas Transmission (SY/T 5257-2012, ISO 15590.1:2001, NEQ)
JB/T 7902 Non-Destructive Testing – Image Quality Indicators (Wire Type) for Radiographic Testing (JB/T 7902-2006, ISO 19232-1:2004, NEQ)
TSG Z6002:2010 Examination Rules for Welding Operators of Special Equipment, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
API RP 2201 Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum & Petrochemical Industries
ASTM E92 Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
AWS A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding Electrodes
AWS A5.2 Iron And Steel Oxyfuel Gas Welding Rods
AWS A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes
AWS A5.17 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged-Arc Welding
AWS A5.18 Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
AWS A5.28 Low-Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
AWS A5.29 Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
BS 7448
(BS 7448 Pt 2) Fracture Mechanics Toughness Test – Part 2, Method for Determination of K1C Critical CTOD and Critical J Values of Welds in Metallic Materials)
BS 7910 Guide to Methods for Assessing the Acceptability of Flaws in Metallic Structures
NACE MR0175 Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil Field Equipment
Assessment, Supervision and Administration Rules for Non-destructive Testing Personnel of Special Equipment, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
company
The owner company or the engineering agency in charge of construction. The company may act through an entrusted or authorized agency or representative.
3.2
contractor
Includes the primary contractor and any subcontractors engaged in work covered by this standard.
3.3
mechanized welding
A process where parameters and torch guidance are controlled mechanically or electronically but may be manually varied during welding to maintain the specified welding conditions.
3.4
semiautomatic welding
Arc welding with equipment that controls only the filler-metal feed. The advance of the welding torch is manually controlled.
3.5
root bead
The first or stringer bead that initially joins two sections of pipe, a section of pipe to a fitting, or two fittings.
3.6
hot pass
The second bead that is done immediately after the root bead is completed.
Contents of GB/T 31032-2014
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General Specifications for Welding
4.1 Equipment
4.2 Materials
5 Qualification of Welding Procedures
5.1 Procedure Qualification
5.2 Record
5.3 Procedure Specification
5.4 Essential Variables of Welding Procedure Specification
5.5 Welding of Test Pipe Joints – Butt Welds
5.6 Testing of Welded Joints – Butt Welds
5.7 Welding of Test Pipe Joints – Fillet Welds
5.8 Testing of Welded Joints – Fillet Welds
6 Qualification of Welders
6.1 General
6.2 Qualification Test
6.3 Test for Practice
6.4 Single Qualification
6.5 Multiple Qualification
6.6 Visual Examination of Test Welded Junction
6.7 Destructive Testing
6.8 Radiographic Testing - For Butt Welding Only
6.9 Retesting
6.10 Records
7 Design and Preparation of Welded Joint for Construction Site
7.1 General
7.2 Assembly of Pipe Ends
7.3 Use of Lineup Clamp for Butt Welds
7.4 Bevel
7.5 Weather Conditions
7.6 Clearance
7.7 Cleaning between Beads
7.8 Position Welding
7.9 Roll Welding
7.10 Identification of Welded Junction
7.11 Pre- and Post-weld Heat Treatment
8 Weld Inspection and Personnel Qualification
8.1 Inspection Items
8.2 Methods of Inspection
8.3 Qualification Authorization of Testing Personnel
8.4 Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
9 Acceptance Standard for Nondestructive Testing
9.1 General
9.2 Rights of Rejection
9.3 Radiographic Testing
9.4 Magnetic Particle Testing
9.5 Penetrant Testing
9.6 Ultrasonic Testing
9.7 Visual Acceptance Standards for Undercutting
10 Removal and Repair of Defects
10.1 Authorization for Repair
10.2 Repair Procedure
10.3 Acceptance Standards
10.4 Supervision
10.5 Welder
11 Nondestructive Testing
11.1 Radiographic testing method
11.2 Magnetic Particle Testing Method
11.3 Penetrant Testing Method
11.4 Ultrasonic Testing Method
12 Mechanized Welding with Filler Metal Additions
12.1 Applicable Welding Method
12.2 Welding Procedure Qualification
12.3 Record
12.4 Welding Procedure Specification
12.5 Change of Welding Procedure Specification
12.6 Qualification of Welding Equipment and Operators
12.7 Records of Qualified Mechanized Welding Operators
12.8 Inspection and Testing of Field Weld
12.9 Acceptance Standard for Nondestructive Testing
12.10 Repair and Removal of Defects
12.11 Radiographic Testing
12.12 Ultrasonic Testing
Appendix A (Informative) Structural Changes of This Standard Compared with API Std 1104:2010
Appendix B (Informative) Technical Differences of This Standard from API Std 1104:2010 and Their Reasons
Appendix C (Normative) Alternative Acceptance Standards for Girth Welds
Appendix D (Normative) In-Service Welding
Appendix E (Informative) Welder Test Record
Bibliography
