Proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system - Safety
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions for proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power systems, specifies safety requirements and protective measures, and describes the type test methods.
This document is applicable to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system (hereinafter referred to as "PEMFC backup power systems") which shall simultaneously meet the following conditions:
——The rated electrical output power of the system shall be ≤10 kW;
——The system shall output alternating current or direct current;
——The system shall use hydrogen as fuel;
——The system shall not be intended as a primary power source and shall operate continuously for ≤72h.
PEMFC backup power systems with a rated power exceeding 10 kW shall refer to this document for use.
See Annex A for a typical proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system.
This document is applicable to the PEMFC backup power system for commercial, industrial, and domestic use in the non-hazardous (unclassified) areas around the equipment. This document does not cover safety requirements for installation sites.
Note: This document only considers the dangerous situations that may cause harm to people, objects, or the environment outside the PEMFC backup power system, and puts forward the safety requirements for such dangerous situations, excluding the safety measures that shall be taken when damage may be caused to the PEMFC backup power system itself. The prerequisites in this document are not intended to limit innovation. Materials, designs, or manufacturing different from this document, when used, shall be of equivalent safety and performance specified in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 755 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance
GB/T 2423.5-2019 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ea and guidance: Shock
GB/T 2423.56-2023 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance
GB/T 3512 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests - Air-oven method
GB/T 3836.1 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment - General requirements
GB/T 3836.5 Explosive atmospheres - Part 5: Equipment protection by pressurized enclosure "p"
GB 3836.14 Explosive atmospheres - Part 14: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmosphere
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 4706.1 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
GB 4943.1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB 4962-2008 Technical safety regulation for gaseous hydrogen use
GB/T 5169 (all parts) Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products
GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 5563 Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies - Hydrostatic testing
GB/T 7260.1 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 7826 Analysis techniques for system reliability - Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
GB/T 8163 Seamless steel pipes for liquid service
GB/T 12459 Steel buttwelding pipe fittings - Types and parameter
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20042.1-2017 and GB/T 28816-2020 as well as the following apply.
3.1
backup power system
power system that may be used to maintain the function of an electrical installation or part of it in the event of a normal power supply interruption, excluding considerations of safety factors
temperature at which materials, components, modules, or equipment can operate safely and stably under normal operating conditions and achieve the expected performance
3.3
thermal steady state
state where the temperature is maintained relatively constant
Note: This state is determined by the temperature change not exceeding 3K and not more than 1% of the absolute operating temperature (K) within 15 min.
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 5.2.4]
3.4
exhaust gas
reaction products, as well as excess air and hydrogen discharged from the PEMFC backup power system
3.5
cabinet
device where fuel cell modules and their auxiliary devices are installed
3.6
interlock
control mode that monitors whether specified conditions are met and ensures that related control devices perform interrelated safety actions
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 5.1.31]
3.7
lower flammability limit; LFL
minimum concentration (volume fraction) at which a flammable gas or vapor can be ignited and propagate flame in a uniform mixture formed with a combustion-supporting gas
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 3.1.15]
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General safety
4.1.1 The design of the PEMFC backup power system shall consider the hazardous factors mentioned in Clause 6 of GB/T 29729-2022, as well as the safety risks of various faults and/or accidents that may be encountered during normal or abnormal use (see Annex B). The corresponding risk assessment and reliability analysis shall be conducted in accordance with GB/T 7826, and appropriate measures shall be taken to avoid them.
For unavoidable safety risks, safety prompt signs and treatment instructions shall be provided, including auditory and/or visual alerts, as well as automatic and manual treatment measures.
4.1.2 Contactable components of the PEMFC backup power system shall not have sharp edges, corners, and rough surfaces that may cause personal injury. If it is unavoidable, the manufacturer shall set relevant warning signs.
4.1.3 During normal use, all components of the PEMFC backup power system and their connectors shall be able to avoid instability, deformation, fracture, or wear that may endanger their safety performance.
4.1.4 The manufacturer shall take measures to avoid the harm caused by contacting or approaching the components with high temperature of PEMFC backup power system.
4.1.5 If the piping contains explosive, flammable, corrosive, or toxic fluids, appropriate preventive measures shall be taken during the design process and the sampling points and outlets shall be marked.
4.2 Physical environment and operating conditions
4.2.1 General
The PEMFC backup power system and its protective devices, when designed and manufactured, shall be enabled to achieve the set functions under the physical environment and operating conditions specified by the manufacturer. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system - Safety
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions for proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power systems, specifies safety requirements and protective measures, and describes the type test methods.
This document is applicable to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system (hereinafter referred to as "PEMFC backup power systems") which shall simultaneously meet the following conditions:
——The rated electrical output power of the system shall be ≤10 kW;
——The system shall output alternating current or direct current;
——The system shall use hydrogen as fuel;
——The system shall not be intended as a primary power source and shall operate continuously for ≤72h.
PEMFC backup power systems with a rated power exceeding 10 kW shall refer to this document for use.
See Annex A for a typical proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system.
This document is applicable to the PEMFC backup power system for commercial, industrial, and domestic use in the non-hazardous (unclassified) areas around the equipment. This document does not cover safety requirements for installation sites.
Note: This document only considers the dangerous situations that may cause harm to people, objects, or the environment outside the PEMFC backup power system, and puts forward the safety requirements for such dangerous situations, excluding the safety measures that shall be taken when damage may be caused to the PEMFC backup power system itself. The prerequisites in this document are not intended to limit innovation. Materials, designs, or manufacturing different from this document, when used, shall be of equivalent safety and performance specified in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 755 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance
GB/T 2423.5-2019 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ea and guidance: Shock
GB/T 2423.56-2023 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance
GB/T 3512 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests - Air-oven method
GB/T 3836.1 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment - General requirements
GB/T 3836.5 Explosive atmospheres - Part 5: Equipment protection by pressurized enclosure "p"
GB 3836.14 Explosive atmospheres - Part 14: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmosphere
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 4706.1 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
GB 4943.1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB 4962-2008 Technical safety regulation for gaseous hydrogen use
GB/T 5169 (all parts) Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products
GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 5563 Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies - Hydrostatic testing
GB/T 7260.1 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 7826 Analysis techniques for system reliability - Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
GB/T 8163 Seamless steel pipes for liquid service
GB/T 12459 Steel buttwelding pipe fittings - Types and parameter
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20042.1-2017 and GB/T 28816-2020 as well as the following apply.
3.1
backup power system
power system that may be used to maintain the function of an electrical installation or part of it in the event of a normal power supply interruption, excluding considerations of safety factors
temperature at which materials, components, modules, or equipment can operate safely and stably under normal operating conditions and achieve the expected performance
3.3
thermal steady state
state where the temperature is maintained relatively constant
Note: This state is determined by the temperature change not exceeding 3K and not more than 1% of the absolute operating temperature (K) within 15 min.
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 5.2.4]
3.4
exhaust gas
reaction products, as well as excess air and hydrogen discharged from the PEMFC backup power system
3.5
cabinet
device where fuel cell modules and their auxiliary devices are installed
3.6
interlock
control mode that monitors whether specified conditions are met and ensures that related control devices perform interrelated safety actions
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 5.1.31]
3.7
lower flammability limit; LFL
minimum concentration (volume fraction) at which a flammable gas or vapor can be ignited and propagate flame in a uniform mixture formed with a combustion-supporting gas
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 3.1.15]
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General safety
4.1.1 The design of the PEMFC backup power system shall consider the hazardous factors mentioned in Clause 6 of GB/T 29729-2022, as well as the safety risks of various faults and/or accidents that may be encountered during normal or abnormal use (see Annex B). The corresponding risk assessment and reliability analysis shall be conducted in accordance with GB/T 7826, and appropriate measures shall be taken to avoid them.
For unavoidable safety risks, safety prompt signs and treatment instructions shall be provided, including auditory and/or visual alerts, as well as automatic and manual treatment measures.
4.1.2 Contactable components of the PEMFC backup power system shall not have sharp edges, corners, and rough surfaces that may cause personal injury. If it is unavoidable, the manufacturer shall set relevant warning signs.
4.1.3 During normal use, all components of the PEMFC backup power system and their connectors shall be able to avoid instability, deformation, fracture, or wear that may endanger their safety performance.
4.1.4 The manufacturer shall take measures to avoid the harm caused by contacting or approaching the components with high temperature of PEMFC backup power system.
4.1.5 If the piping contains explosive, flammable, corrosive, or toxic fluids, appropriate preventive measures shall be taken during the design process and the sampling points and outlets shall be marked.
4.2 Physical environment and operating conditions
4.2.1 General
The PEMFC backup power system and its protective devices, when designed and manufactured, shall be enabled to achieve the set functions under the physical environment and operating conditions specified by the manufacturer.
Contents Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Safety requirements 5 Type test Annex A (Informative) Typical proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system Annex B (Informative) Significant hazards, hazardous situations and events involved in this document Annex C (Informative) Type test Bibliography
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system - Safety
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions for proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power systems, specifies safety requirements and protective measures, and describes the type test methods.
This document is applicable to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system (hereinafter referred to as "PEMFC backup power systems") which shall simultaneously meet the following conditions:
——The rated electrical output power of the system shall be ≤10 kW;
——The system shall output alternating current or direct current;
——The system shall use hydrogen as fuel;
——The system shall not be intended as a primary power source and shall operate continuously for ≤72h.
PEMFC backup power systems with a rated power exceeding 10 kW shall refer to this document for use.
See Annex A for a typical proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system.
This document is applicable to the PEMFC backup power system for commercial, industrial, and domestic use in the non-hazardous (unclassified) areas around the equipment. This document does not cover safety requirements for installation sites.
Note: This document only considers the dangerous situations that may cause harm to people, objects, or the environment outside the PEMFC backup power system, and puts forward the safety requirements for such dangerous situations, excluding the safety measures that shall be taken when damage may be caused to the PEMFC backup power system itself. The prerequisites in this document are not intended to limit innovation. Materials, designs, or manufacturing different from this document, when used, shall be of equivalent safety and performance specified in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 755 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance
GB/T 2423.5-2019 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ea and guidance: Shock
GB/T 2423.56-2023 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance
GB/T 3512 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests - Air-oven method
GB/T 3836.1 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment - General requirements
GB/T 3836.5 Explosive atmospheres - Part 5: Equipment protection by pressurized enclosure "p"
GB 3836.14 Explosive atmospheres - Part 14: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmosphere
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 4706.1 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
GB 4943.1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB 4962-2008 Technical safety regulation for gaseous hydrogen use
GB/T 5169 (all parts) Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products
GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 5563 Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies - Hydrostatic testing
GB/T 7260.1 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 7826 Analysis techniques for system reliability - Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
GB/T 8163 Seamless steel pipes for liquid service
GB/T 12459 Steel buttwelding pipe fittings - Types and parameter
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20042.1-2017 and GB/T 28816-2020 as well as the following apply.
3.1
backup power system
power system that may be used to maintain the function of an electrical installation or part of it in the event of a normal power supply interruption, excluding considerations of safety factors
[Source: IEC 60050-826: 2022, 826-10-07, modified]
3.2
highest temperature
temperature at which materials, components, modules, or equipment can operate safely and stably under normal operating conditions and achieve the expected performance
3.3
thermal steady state
state where the temperature is maintained relatively constant
Note: This state is determined by the temperature change not exceeding 3K and not more than 1% of the absolute operating temperature (K) within 15 min.
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 5.2.4]
3.4
exhaust gas
reaction products, as well as excess air and hydrogen discharged from the PEMFC backup power system
3.5
cabinet
device where fuel cell modules and their auxiliary devices are installed
3.6
interlock
control mode that monitors whether specified conditions are met and ensures that related control devices perform interrelated safety actions
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 5.1.31]
3.7
lower flammability limit; LFL
minimum concentration (volume fraction) at which a flammable gas or vapor can be ignited and propagate flame in a uniform mixture formed with a combustion-supporting gas
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 3.1.15]
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General safety
4.1.1 The design of the PEMFC backup power system shall consider the hazardous factors mentioned in Clause 6 of GB/T 29729-2022, as well as the safety risks of various faults and/or accidents that may be encountered during normal or abnormal use (see Annex B). The corresponding risk assessment and reliability analysis shall be conducted in accordance with GB/T 7826, and appropriate measures shall be taken to avoid them.
For unavoidable safety risks, safety prompt signs and treatment instructions shall be provided, including auditory and/or visual alerts, as well as automatic and manual treatment measures.
4.1.2 Contactable components of the PEMFC backup power system shall not have sharp edges, corners, and rough surfaces that may cause personal injury. If it is unavoidable, the manufacturer shall set relevant warning signs.
4.1.3 During normal use, all components of the PEMFC backup power system and their connectors shall be able to avoid instability, deformation, fracture, or wear that may endanger their safety performance.
4.1.4 The manufacturer shall take measures to avoid the harm caused by contacting or approaching the components with high temperature of PEMFC backup power system.
4.1.5 If the piping contains explosive, flammable, corrosive, or toxic fluids, appropriate preventive measures shall be taken during the design process and the sampling points and outlets shall be marked.
4.2 Physical environment and operating conditions
4.2.1 General
The PEMFC backup power system and its protective devices, when designed and manufactured, shall be enabled to achieve the set functions under the physical environment and operating conditions specified by the manufacturer. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system - Safety
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions for proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power systems, specifies safety requirements and protective measures, and describes the type test methods.
This document is applicable to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system (hereinafter referred to as "PEMFC backup power systems") which shall simultaneously meet the following conditions:
——The rated electrical output power of the system shall be ≤10 kW;
——The system shall output alternating current or direct current;
——The system shall use hydrogen as fuel;
——The system shall not be intended as a primary power source and shall operate continuously for ≤72h.
PEMFC backup power systems with a rated power exceeding 10 kW shall refer to this document for use.
See Annex A for a typical proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system.
This document is applicable to the PEMFC backup power system for commercial, industrial, and domestic use in the non-hazardous (unclassified) areas around the equipment. This document does not cover safety requirements for installation sites.
Note: This document only considers the dangerous situations that may cause harm to people, objects, or the environment outside the PEMFC backup power system, and puts forward the safety requirements for such dangerous situations, excluding the safety measures that shall be taken when damage may be caused to the PEMFC backup power system itself. The prerequisites in this document are not intended to limit innovation. Materials, designs, or manufacturing different from this document, when used, shall be of equivalent safety and performance specified in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 755 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance
GB/T 2423.5-2019 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ea and guidance: Shock
GB/T 2423.56-2023 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance
GB/T 3512 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests - Air-oven method
GB/T 3836.1 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment - General requirements
GB/T 3836.5 Explosive atmospheres - Part 5: Equipment protection by pressurized enclosure "p"
GB 3836.14 Explosive atmospheres - Part 14: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmosphere
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 4706.1 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
GB 4943.1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB 4962-2008 Technical safety regulation for gaseous hydrogen use
GB/T 5169 (all parts) Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products
GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 5563 Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assemblies - Hydrostatic testing
GB/T 7260.1 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 7826 Analysis techniques for system reliability - Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
GB/T 8163 Seamless steel pipes for liquid service
GB/T 12459 Steel buttwelding pipe fittings - Types and parameter
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20042.1-2017 and GB/T 28816-2020 as well as the following apply.
3.1
backup power system
power system that may be used to maintain the function of an electrical installation or part of it in the event of a normal power supply interruption, excluding considerations of safety factors
[Source: IEC 60050-826: 2022, 826-10-07, modified]
3.2
highest temperature
temperature at which materials, components, modules, or equipment can operate safely and stably under normal operating conditions and achieve the expected performance
3.3
thermal steady state
state where the temperature is maintained relatively constant
Note: This state is determined by the temperature change not exceeding 3K and not more than 1% of the absolute operating temperature (K) within 15 min.
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 5.2.4]
3.4
exhaust gas
reaction products, as well as excess air and hydrogen discharged from the PEMFC backup power system
3.5
cabinet
device where fuel cell modules and their auxiliary devices are installed
3.6
interlock
control mode that monitors whether specified conditions are met and ensures that related control devices perform interrelated safety actions
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 5.1.31]
3.7
lower flammability limit; LFL
minimum concentration (volume fraction) at which a flammable gas or vapor can be ignited and propagate flame in a uniform mixture formed with a combustion-supporting gas
[Source: GB/T 20042.1-2017, 3.1.15]
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General safety
4.1.1 The design of the PEMFC backup power system shall consider the hazardous factors mentioned in Clause 6 of GB/T 29729-2022, as well as the safety risks of various faults and/or accidents that may be encountered during normal or abnormal use (see Annex B). The corresponding risk assessment and reliability analysis shall be conducted in accordance with GB/T 7826, and appropriate measures shall be taken to avoid them.
For unavoidable safety risks, safety prompt signs and treatment instructions shall be provided, including auditory and/or visual alerts, as well as automatic and manual treatment measures.
4.1.2 Contactable components of the PEMFC backup power system shall not have sharp edges, corners, and rough surfaces that may cause personal injury. If it is unavoidable, the manufacturer shall set relevant warning signs.
4.1.3 During normal use, all components of the PEMFC backup power system and their connectors shall be able to avoid instability, deformation, fracture, or wear that may endanger their safety performance.
4.1.4 The manufacturer shall take measures to avoid the harm caused by contacting or approaching the components with high temperature of PEMFC backup power system.
4.1.5 If the piping contains explosive, flammable, corrosive, or toxic fluids, appropriate preventive measures shall be taken during the design process and the sampling points and outlets shall be marked.
4.2 Physical environment and operating conditions
4.2.1 General
The PEMFC backup power system and its protective devices, when designed and manufactured, shall be enabled to achieve the set functions under the physical environment and operating conditions specified by the manufacturer.
Contents of GB/T 31036-2025
Contents
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements
5 Type test
Annex A (Informative) Typical proton exchange membrane fuel cell backup power system
Annex B (Informative) Significant hazards, hazardous situations and events involved in this document
Annex C (Informative) Type test
Bibliography
