Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is modified in relation to ASTM D 1321-04 Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes (English version).
This standard is redrafted in relation to ASTM D 1321-04 Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes.
Considering China's national conditions, some modifications have been made in this standard with respect to ASTM D 1321-04. The following changes have been made with respect to ASTM D 1321-04:
——The corresponding national standard and professional standard of China are adopted in the normative references of in this standard;
——The Clause 5 "Significance and use" of ASTM D 1319-04 is deleted in this standard;
——The Clause "Keywords" of ASTM D 1319-04 is deleted.
This standard replaces GB/T 4985-1998 Determination of needle penetration of petroleum waxes, and GB/T 4985-1998 is identical to ASTM D 1321-95 Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes.
The following main changes have been made with respect to GB/T 4985-1998:
——Determination of melting point is added in the Clause "Normative references" in this standard;
——Some contents are added in the Clause "Terms and definitions" in this standard;
——The allowable tolerance of some values is added in this standard;
——This standard cancels The stipulation that "the needle tip just touches the wax surface of the sample for 5min and then releases the plunger";
——Annex A "Small water bath thermostat" and related contents are deleted in this standard;
——The specific technical requirements for water bath thermometers are no longer listed in this standard.
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants of Standardization Administration of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee on Petroleum Wax Products of National Technical Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants of Standardization Administration of China.
This standard was issued in March 1985 as first edition, and then revised in June 1998 for the first time and this is the second revision.
Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes
1 Scope
This standard specifies the empirical estimation of the hardness of waxes derived from petroleum by measurement of the extent of penetration of a standard needle.
This standard is applicable to petroleum waxes having a penetration of not greater than 250.
Note: This test method is similar to the standard test method for penetration of bitumen given in GB/T 4509. See GB/T 269 for determination of cone penetration for lubricating grease and petrolatum.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard involves some dangerous materials, operations and equipment, but it does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to (excluding any corrigendum), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the latest editions of the standards indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the document referred to applies.
GB/T 514 Specification for liquid-in-glass thermometers for
testing of petroleum products
GB/T 2539 Petroleum waxes-Determination of melting point-Cooling curve method (GB/T 2539-2008, ISO 3841:1977, IDT)
SH/T 0132 Petroleum waxes - Determination of solidification point
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
penetration of petroleum wax
depth in tenths of a millimetre to which a standard needle penetrates into the wax under defined conditions. As an example, a penetration reading of 85 from the indicator scale corresponds to a penetration depth of 8.5mm
3.2
penetrometer
an instrument that measures the consistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials by measuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle under a given force falls into the material. In this standard, a standard penetrometer needle (5.3) is used to determine the hardness of petroleum wax. The penetration force is determined by the total mass (100g) of the needle, plunger, and 50g weight
4 Method summary
The sample is heated to at least 17℃ above its expected congealing point or melting point, poured into a container, and then air cooled under controlled conditions. The sample then is conditioned at test temperature in a water bath. Penetration is measured with a penetrometer, which applies a standard needle to the sample for 5s under a load of 100g.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Penetrometer, for applying the standard needle to the surface of the sample specimen and for measuring the extent of penetration at the conclusion of the test. The penetrometer shall be constructed in such a manner that the accurate placement of the tip of the needle at the level surface of the specimen may be made while maintaining a “zero” reading on the indicator. The apparatus shown in Figure 1 represents a composite drawing illustrating the two available types of instrument, one with an adjustable table and the other with an adjustable needle assembly; the use of either type of instrument is permissible. The loaded needle must fall, when released, without appreciable friction. The apparatus shall be provided with leveling screws and a spirit level to maintain the plunger shaft in a true vertical position. The indicator scale shall be calibrated in tenths of a millimetre division and shall have a range of at least 250 tenths of millimetres.
5.2 Timing device
An automatic timing release mechanism attached to the penetrometer may be used. Alternatively, a stop watch graduated in 0.1-s intervals may be used.
5.3 Needle and plunger
The needle shall be approximately 83mm in length and conform to the dimensions shown in Figure 2. It shall be symmetrically tapered at one end to a cone whose angle shall be within the range from 8°55′ to 9°25′ over the entire length of the cone. The axis of the cone shall be coincident with the shaft axis within 0.13-mm maximum runout (total indicator reading). The tapered section of the needle shall be made from fully hardened and tempered stainless steel, Grade 440-C or equal, Rockwell hardness C57 to C60. After tapering, the point shall be ground off to a truncated cone, the smaller base of which shall be from 0.14mm to 0.16mm in diameter. The truncation shall be square with the needle axis within 2°, and the edge shall be sharp and free from burrs. The conical surface and the truncation shall be finished to a smoothness of 0.2µm (rms). The final weight of the needle shall be 2.5g±0.05g (to achieve the required quality by drilling and adjusting the length). The total weight of the plunger shall be 47.5g±0.05g; a weight of 50g±0.05g is required for mounting on the plunger.
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Method summary
5 Apparatus
6 Preparation of test specimen
7 Test procedures
8 Report
9 Precision and bias
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is modified in relation to ASTM D 1321-04 Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes (English version).
This standard is redrafted in relation to ASTM D 1321-04 Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes.
Considering China's national conditions, some modifications have been made in this standard with respect to ASTM D 1321-04. The following changes have been made with respect to ASTM D 1321-04:
——The corresponding national standard and professional standard of China are adopted in the normative references of in this standard;
——The Clause 5 "Significance and use" of ASTM D 1319-04 is deleted in this standard;
——The Clause "Keywords" of ASTM D 1319-04 is deleted.
This standard replaces GB/T 4985-1998 Determination of needle penetration of petroleum waxes, and GB/T 4985-1998 is identical to ASTM D 1321-95 Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes.
The following main changes have been made with respect to GB/T 4985-1998:
——Determination of melting point is added in the Clause "Normative references" in this standard;
——Some contents are added in the Clause "Terms and definitions" in this standard;
——The allowable tolerance of some values is added in this standard;
——This standard cancels The stipulation that "the needle tip just touches the wax surface of the sample for 5min and then releases the plunger";
——Annex A "Small water bath thermostat" and related contents are deleted in this standard;
——The specific technical requirements for water bath thermometers are no longer listed in this standard.
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants of Standardization Administration of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee on Petroleum Wax Products of National Technical Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants of Standardization Administration of China.
This standard was issued in March 1985 as first edition, and then revised in June 1998 for the first time and this is the second revision.
Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes
1 Scope
This standard specifies the empirical estimation of the hardness of waxes derived from petroleum by measurement of the extent of penetration of a standard needle.
This standard is applicable to petroleum waxes having a penetration of not greater than 250.
Note: This test method is similar to the standard test method for penetration of bitumen given in GB/T 4509. See GB/T 269 for determination of cone penetration for lubricating grease and petrolatum.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard involves some dangerous materials, operations and equipment, but it does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to (excluding any corrigendum), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the latest editions of the standards indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the document referred to applies.
GB/T 514 Specification for liquid-in-glass thermometers for
testing of petroleum products
GB/T 2539 Petroleum waxes-Determination of melting point-Cooling curve method (GB/T 2539-2008, ISO 3841:1977, IDT)
SH/T 0132 Petroleum waxes - Determination of solidification point
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
penetration of petroleum wax
depth in tenths of a millimetre to which a standard needle penetrates into the wax under defined conditions. As an example, a penetration reading of 85 from the indicator scale corresponds to a penetration depth of 8.5mm
3.2
penetrometer
an instrument that measures the consistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials by measuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle under a given force falls into the material. In this standard, a standard penetrometer needle (5.3) is used to determine the hardness of petroleum wax. The penetration force is determined by the total mass (100g) of the needle, plunger, and 50g weight
4 Method summary
The sample is heated to at least 17℃ above its expected congealing point or melting point, poured into a container, and then air cooled under controlled conditions. The sample then is conditioned at test temperature in a water bath. Penetration is measured with a penetrometer, which applies a standard needle to the sample for 5s under a load of 100g.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Penetrometer, for applying the standard needle to the surface of the sample specimen and for measuring the extent of penetration at the conclusion of the test. The penetrometer shall be constructed in such a manner that the accurate placement of the tip of the needle at the level surface of the specimen may be made while maintaining a “zero” reading on the indicator. The apparatus shown in Figure 1 represents a composite drawing illustrating the two available types of instrument, one with an adjustable table and the other with an adjustable needle assembly; the use of either type of instrument is permissible. The loaded needle must fall, when released, without appreciable friction. The apparatus shall be provided with leveling screws and a spirit level to maintain the plunger shaft in a true vertical position. The indicator scale shall be calibrated in tenths of a millimetre division and shall have a range of at least 250 tenths of millimetres.
5.2 Timing device
An automatic timing release mechanism attached to the penetrometer may be used. Alternatively, a stop watch graduated in 0.1-s intervals may be used.
5.3 Needle and plunger
The needle shall be approximately 83mm in length and conform to the dimensions shown in Figure 2. It shall be symmetrically tapered at one end to a cone whose angle shall be within the range from 8°55′ to 9°25′ over the entire length of the cone. The axis of the cone shall be coincident with the shaft axis within 0.13-mm maximum runout (total indicator reading). The tapered section of the needle shall be made from fully hardened and tempered stainless steel, Grade 440-C or equal, Rockwell hardness C57 to C60. After tapering, the point shall be ground off to a truncated cone, the smaller base of which shall be from 0.14mm to 0.16mm in diameter. The truncation shall be square with the needle axis within 2°, and the edge shall be sharp and free from burrs. The conical surface and the truncation shall be finished to a smoothness of 0.2µm (rms). The final weight of the needle shall be 2.5g±0.05g (to achieve the required quality by drilling and adjusting the length). The total weight of the plunger shall be 47.5g±0.05g; a weight of 50g±0.05g is required for mounting on the plunger.
Contents of GB/T 4985-2010
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Method summary
5 Apparatus
6 Preparation of test specimen
7 Test procedures
8 Report
9 Precision and bias
