Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes
1 Scope
This standard specifies the empirical estimation of the hardness of waxes derived from petroleum by measurement of the extent of penetration of a standard needle.
This standard is applicable to petroleum waxes having a penetration of not greater than 250.
Note: This test method is similar to the standard test method for penetration of bitumen given in GB/T 4509. See GB/T 269 for determination of cone penetration for lubricating grease and petrolatum.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard involves some dangerous materials, operations and equipment, but it does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to (excluding any corrigendum), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the latest editions of the standards indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the document referred to applies.
GB/T 514 Specification for liquid-in-glass thermometers for
testing of petroleum products
GB/T 2539 Petroleum waxes-Determination of melting point-Cooling curve method (GB/T 2539-2008, ISO 3841:1977, IDT)
SH/T 0132 Petroleum waxes - Determination of solidification point
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
penetration of petroleum wax
depth in tenths of a millimetre to which a standard needle penetrates into the wax under defined conditions. As an example, a penetration reading of 85 from the indicator scale corresponds to a penetration depth of 8.5mm
3.2
penetrometer
an instrument that measures the consistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials by measuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle under a given force falls into the material. In this standard, a standard penetrometer needle (5.3) is used to determine the hardness of petroleum wax. The penetration force is determined by the total mass (100g) of the needle, plunger, and 50g weight
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Method summary
5 Apparatus
6 Preparation of test specimen
7 Test procedures
8 Report
9 Precision and bias
Standard test method for needle penetration of petroleum waxes
1 Scope
This standard specifies the empirical estimation of the hardness of waxes derived from petroleum by measurement of the extent of penetration of a standard needle.
This standard is applicable to petroleum waxes having a penetration of not greater than 250.
Note: This test method is similar to the standard test method for penetration of bitumen given in GB/T 4509. See GB/T 269 for determination of cone penetration for lubricating grease and petrolatum.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard involves some dangerous materials, operations and equipment, but it does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to (excluding any corrigendum), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the latest editions of the standards indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the document referred to applies.
GB/T 514 Specification for liquid-in-glass thermometers for
testing of petroleum products
GB/T 2539 Petroleum waxes-Determination of melting point-Cooling curve method (GB/T 2539-2008, ISO 3841:1977, IDT)
SH/T 0132 Petroleum waxes - Determination of solidification point
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
penetration of petroleum wax
depth in tenths of a millimetre to which a standard needle penetrates into the wax under defined conditions. As an example, a penetration reading of 85 from the indicator scale corresponds to a penetration depth of 8.5mm
3.2
penetrometer
an instrument that measures the consistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials by measuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle under a given force falls into the material. In this standard, a standard penetrometer needle (5.3) is used to determine the hardness of petroleum wax. The penetration force is determined by the total mass (100g) of the needle, plunger, and 50g weight
Contents of GB/T 4985-2010
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Method summary
5 Apparatus
6 Preparation of test specimen
7 Test procedures
8 Report
9 Precision and bias
