1. General Provision
1.0.1 The code is established to enable pile foundation engineering and construction to comply with national technical economy politics, and to be of safety and usability, state-of-art technology, economic feasibility, quality guaranteeing and environment protection.
1.0.2 The code is applicable to design, construction and acceptance for pile foundations of all sorts of buildings (including structures).
1.0.3 For engineering and construction of pile foundation, engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions, topside structure type, functions of use, load characteristics, and construction load condition and envelopment shall be considered comprehensively; and local experiences and conceptual design shall be highly valued, the design shall adapt to local conditions, and pile type, pile-making process and cushion cap type shall be adopted reasonably to optimize the pile arrangement and save the resources; construction quality control and management shall be reinforced.
1.0.4 Besides this code, the engineering and construction of pile foundation shall comply with provisions of relative current standards.
2. Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Pile Foundation
It is referred to a foundation composed of pile arranged in rock-soil and cushion cap braced with pile top, or an individual pile foundation formed through the direct connection of column and pile.
2.1.2 Composite Piled Foundation
It is referred to the pile foundation loaded by the foundation pile and foundation soil under the cushion cap.
2.1.3 Foundation Pile
It is suffered to an individual pile in the pile foundation.
2.1.4 Composite Foundation Pile
It is referred to the composite bearing foundation pile composed by an individual pile and foundation soil under the cushion cap of the area the individual pile corresponds to.
2.1.5 Composite Foundation with Settlement-reducing Piles
It is referred to the composite piled foundation composed of reducing friction-type pile to decrease settlement in the cased of basic satisfied requirement of soft soil natural foundation bearing capacity.
2.1.6 Ultimate Vertical Bearing Capacity of a Single Pile
It is referred to the peak load that an individual pile is close to the collapse condition or appears the deformation that is not suitable to keep bearing under the vertical load or, and this value depends on the supporting resistance of soil on the pile and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation.
2.1.7 Ultimate Shaft Resistance
It is referred to the rock-soil resistance generated by the lateral surface of the pile foundation under the critical load of pile top acting.
2.1.8 Ultimate Tip Resistance
It is refereed to the rock-soil resistance generated by the pile tip under the critical load of pile top acting.
2.1.9 Characteristic Value of the Vertical Bearing Capacity of a Single Pile
It is referred to the bearing capacity value that the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of a single pile is divided by the safety factor.
2.1.10 Optimized Design of Pile Foundation Stiffness to Reduce Differential Settlement
It is referred to the design method that, according to the topside structure type, load and stratigraphic distribution, the bearing rigidity distribution of the foundation pile is changed through the adjustments of pile diameter, pile length and pile spacing to make building settlement uniform and reduce the cushion cap internal force.
2.1.11 Pile Cap Coefficient
It is referred to the exertion rate of the bearing capacity of the foundation soil below the cushion cap under the vertical load.
2.1.12 Negative Skin Friction, or Negative Shaft Resistance
It is reoffered to the downward frictional resistance on pile surface caused by that the pile-periphery soil appears the settlement larger than the foundation pile because of the pile-periphery soil self consolidation, collapse and ground load acting.
2.1.13 Down Drag
It is referred to the sum of negative shaft resistance acted on higher than the neutral point of an individual pile.
2.1.14 Plugging Effect
It is referred to the influence on the tip resistance exertion, which is caused by the soil plug formed by soil that flow over into the tube during the pile-sinking of open hollow pile.
2.1.15 Post Grouting for Cast-in-situ Pile
It is referred to that, after filling piling, cement grout is poured through grouting conduits pre-arranged in the pile foundation, pile tips connected with the conduits and pile-side grouting valve to reinforce pile tip and pile-side earth mass (including sediment and clay coating), and to improve the bearing capacity of individual pile and decrease the settlement.
2.1.16 Equivalent Settlement Coefficient for Calculating Settlement of Piled Foundations
It is referred to the ratio of the settling volume WM of the clustered piles foundation in elastic semi-infinite body calculated through Mindlin, and the settling volume WB of the equivalent pier foundation calculated through Boussinesq, which used to reflect the influence of the stress distribution calculated through Mindlin to the calculated sediment.
Foreword
1. General Provision
2. Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.2 Symbols
3. Basic Design Provisions
3.1 General Provision
3.2 Basic Documents
3.3 Type Selection and Arrangement of Pile
3.4 Pile Foundation in Exceptional Conditions
3.5 Provisions on Durability
4. Pile Foundation Structure
4.1 Foundation Pile Structure
Envelopment
Single-sided Corrosion Rate (mm/y)
Above ground
Without corrosive gas or corrosive volatile media
0.05~
Below Ground
Above the water level
Below the water level
Water-level fluctuation area
0.1~
4.2 Cushion Cap Structure
5 Pile foundation calculations
5.1 Calculation for pile top acting effect
5.2 Calculation for vertical bearing capacity of piled foundation
5.3 Vertical ultimate bearing pressure of a single pile
5.4 Check up for vertical bearing capacity of the piled foundation under special conditions
5.5 Calculation for piled foundation settlement
5.6 Composite foundation with settlement-reducing piles of soft soil foundation
5.7 Calculation for level bearing capacity and displacement of piled foundation
5.8 Calculation for bearing capacity and fracture control of pile shaft
5.9 Pile cap calculation
6. Filling Pile Construction
6.1 Preparations for Construction
6.2 General Provisions
6.3 Slurry Encasing Pore-forming Filling Pile
6.4 Long Bolt Cast In-Situ Bored Pile
6.5 Filling Piles with Sink-pipe and Inner Ramming Filling Piles with Sink-pipe
6.6 Dry-work Pore-forming Filling Pile
6.7 Post Grouting for Cast-in-situ Pile
7. Concrete premolded pile and steel pile construction
7.1 Concrete Premolded Pile Manufacture
7.2 Hoisting, Transportation and Storage of Concrete Premolded Pile
7.3 Concrete Premolded Pile Extension
7.4 Hammering pile-Sinking
7.5 Static Pressure Pile-Sinking
7.6 Steel pile (steel circular pile, pile of H type and other special steel piles) construction
8 Pile cap Construction
8.1 Pit Excavation and Backfilling
8.2 Steel Bar and Concrete Construction
9. Quality Inspection and Acceptance of the Pile Foundation Construction
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Inspection before Construction
9.3 Construction Inspection
9.4 Inspection after Construction
9.5 Acceptance Materials of Foundation Pile and Pile Cap Project
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Stress Effect Coefficient through Mindlin Stress Formulas Considering Pile Diameter Effect
Appendix G
Calculation for strip pile foundation cushion cap beam under brick wall according to inversed beam on elastic foundation
Appendix H
Weight selection of hammer for stamping sinking pile
Wording Explanation
1. General Provision
1.0.1 The code is established to enable pile foundation engineering and construction to comply with national technical economy politics, and to be of safety and usability, state-of-art technology, economic feasibility, quality guaranteeing and environment protection.
1.0.2 The code is applicable to design, construction and acceptance for pile foundations of all sorts of buildings (including structures).
1.0.3 For engineering and construction of pile foundation, engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions, topside structure type, functions of use, load characteristics, and construction load condition and envelopment shall be considered comprehensively; and local experiences and conceptual design shall be highly valued, the design shall adapt to local conditions, and pile type, pile-making process and cushion cap type shall be adopted reasonably to optimize the pile arrangement and save the resources; construction quality control and management shall be reinforced.
1.0.4 Besides this code, the engineering and construction of pile foundation shall comply with provisions of relative current standards.
2. Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Pile Foundation
It is referred to a foundation composed of pile arranged in rock-soil and cushion cap braced with pile top, or an individual pile foundation formed through the direct connection of column and pile.
2.1.2 Composite Piled Foundation
It is referred to the pile foundation loaded by the foundation pile and foundation soil under the cushion cap.
2.1.3 Foundation Pile
It is suffered to an individual pile in the pile foundation.
2.1.4 Composite Foundation Pile
It is referred to the composite bearing foundation pile composed by an individual pile and foundation soil under the cushion cap of the area the individual pile corresponds to.
2.1.5 Composite Foundation with Settlement-reducing Piles
It is referred to the composite piled foundation composed of reducing friction-type pile to decrease settlement in the cased of basic satisfied requirement of soft soil natural foundation bearing capacity.
2.1.6 Ultimate Vertical Bearing Capacity of a Single Pile
It is referred to the peak load that an individual pile is close to the collapse condition or appears the deformation that is not suitable to keep bearing under the vertical load or, and this value depends on the supporting resistance of soil on the pile and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation.
2.1.7 Ultimate Shaft Resistance
It is referred to the rock-soil resistance generated by the lateral surface of the pile foundation under the critical load of pile top acting.
2.1.8 Ultimate Tip Resistance
It is refereed to the rock-soil resistance generated by the pile tip under the critical load of pile top acting.
2.1.9 Characteristic Value of the Vertical Bearing Capacity of a Single Pile
It is referred to the bearing capacity value that the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of a single pile is divided by the safety factor.
2.1.10 Optimized Design of Pile Foundation Stiffness to Reduce Differential Settlement
It is referred to the design method that, according to the topside structure type, load and stratigraphic distribution, the bearing rigidity distribution of the foundation pile is changed through the adjustments of pile diameter, pile length and pile spacing to make building settlement uniform and reduce the cushion cap internal force.
2.1.11 Pile Cap Coefficient
It is referred to the exertion rate of the bearing capacity of the foundation soil below the cushion cap under the vertical load.
2.1.12 Negative Skin Friction, or Negative Shaft Resistance
It is reoffered to the downward frictional resistance on pile surface caused by that the pile-periphery soil appears the settlement larger than the foundation pile because of the pile-periphery soil self consolidation, collapse and ground load acting.
2.1.13 Down Drag
It is referred to the sum of negative shaft resistance acted on higher than the neutral point of an individual pile.
2.1.14 Plugging Effect
It is referred to the influence on the tip resistance exertion, which is caused by the soil plug formed by soil that flow over into the tube during the pile-sinking of open hollow pile.
2.1.15 Post Grouting for Cast-in-situ Pile
It is referred to that, after filling piling, cement grout is poured through grouting conduits pre-arranged in the pile foundation, pile tips connected with the conduits and pile-side grouting valve to reinforce pile tip and pile-side earth mass (including sediment and clay coating), and to improve the bearing capacity of individual pile and decrease the settlement.
2.1.16 Equivalent Settlement Coefficient for Calculating Settlement of Piled Foundations
It is referred to the ratio of the settling volume WM of the clustered piles foundation in elastic semi-infinite body calculated through Mindlin, and the settling volume WB of the equivalent pier foundation calculated through Boussinesq, which used to reflect the influence of the stress distribution calculated through Mindlin to the calculated sediment.
Contents of JGJ 94-2008
Foreword
1. General Provision
2. Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.2 Symbols
3. Basic Design Provisions
3.1 General Provision
3.2 Basic Documents
3.3 Type Selection and Arrangement of Pile
3.4 Pile Foundation in Exceptional Conditions
3.5 Provisions on Durability
4. Pile Foundation Structure
4.1 Foundation Pile Structure
Envelopment
Single-sided Corrosion Rate (mm/y)
Above ground
Without corrosive gas or corrosive volatile media
0.05~
Below Ground
Above the water level
Below the water level
Water-level fluctuation area
0.1~
4.2 Cushion Cap Structure
5 Pile foundation calculations
5.1 Calculation for pile top acting effect
5.2 Calculation for vertical bearing capacity of piled foundation
5.3 Vertical ultimate bearing pressure of a single pile
5.4 Check up for vertical bearing capacity of the piled foundation under special conditions
5.5 Calculation for piled foundation settlement
5.6 Composite foundation with settlement-reducing piles of soft soil foundation
5.7 Calculation for level bearing capacity and displacement of piled foundation
5.8 Calculation for bearing capacity and fracture control of pile shaft
5.9 Pile cap calculation
6. Filling Pile Construction
6.1 Preparations for Construction
6.2 General Provisions
6.3 Slurry Encasing Pore-forming Filling Pile
6.4 Long Bolt Cast In-Situ Bored Pile
6.5 Filling Piles with Sink-pipe and Inner Ramming Filling Piles with Sink-pipe
6.6 Dry-work Pore-forming Filling Pile
6.7 Post Grouting for Cast-in-situ Pile
7. Concrete premolded pile and steel pile construction
7.1 Concrete Premolded Pile Manufacture
7.2 Hoisting, Transportation and Storage of Concrete Premolded Pile
7.3 Concrete Premolded Pile Extension
7.4 Hammering pile-Sinking
7.5 Static Pressure Pile-Sinking
7.6 Steel pile (steel circular pile, pile of H type and other special steel piles) construction
8 Pile cap Construction
8.1 Pit Excavation and Backfilling
8.2 Steel Bar and Concrete Construction
9. Quality Inspection and Acceptance of the Pile Foundation Construction
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Inspection before Construction
9.3 Construction Inspection
9.4 Inspection after Construction
9.5 Acceptance Materials of Foundation Pile and Pile Cap Project
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Stress Effect Coefficient through Mindlin Stress Formulas Considering Pile Diameter Effect
Appendix G
Calculation for strip pile foundation cushion cap beam under brick wall according to inversed beam on elastic foundation
Appendix H
Weight selection of hammer for stamping sinking pile
Wording Explanation
