Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces TB/T 1961-2006 Railway Vehicle Draft Gears. The main technical changes with respect to TB/T 1961-2006 (the previous edition) are as follows:
——terms and definitions of draft gears are modified (see Chapter 3; Chapter 3 in Edition 2006);
——relevant contents on draft gears for locomotives are deleted (see Chapters 4~9);
——the basic performance parameters of draft gears are modified (see 6.3; 5.2 in Edition 2006);
——manufacturing requirements are modified as to round spring and rubber parts (see 7.3 and 7.5.1; 7.3 and 7.5.1 in Edition 2006);
——relevant provisions on thermoplastic elastomer are added (see 7.5.3 and 8.3);
——test methods are added as to physical and chemical inspection, compactness testing, physical properties testing for rubber or thermoplastic elastomer (see 8.1~8.3);
——partial contents are modified as to static pressure test and loading operation test (see 8.7 and 8.8; 8.4 and 8.5 in Edition 2006)
This standard is under the jurisdiction of CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co., Ltd.
The previous editions replaced by this standard are as follows: TB/T 1961-l987, and TB/T 1961-2006.
Railway Vehicle Draft Gears
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, product classification, application conditions, technical requirements, manufacturing requirements, inspection methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation and storage of draft gears for railway vehicle.
This standard is applicable to draft gears for railway vehicle.
This standard is not applicable to draft gears for EMU.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 228.1-2010 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1 : Method of Test at Room Temperature (ISO 6892 - 1: 2009, MOD)
GB/T 528-2009 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Tensile Stress - Strain Properties (ISO 37: 2005, IDT)
GB/T 531.1-2008 Rubber Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Indentation Hardness - Part 1: Durometer Method (Shore Hardness) (ISO 7619-1: 2004, IDT)
GB/T 1041-2008 Plastics - Determination of Compressive Properties (ISO 604: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 1222 Spring Steels
GB/T 1239.2-2009 Cold Coiled Helical Springs Technical Specifications - Part 2: Compressions Spring
GB/T l348 Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings (GB/T 1348-2009, ISO 1083: 2004, MOD)
GB/T 1681-2009 Rubber - Determination of Rebound Resilience of Vulcanizes (ISO 4662: 1986, IDT)
GB/T 1682-2014 Rubber, Vulcanized - Determination of Low-temperature Brittleness (Single Test Piece Method)
GB/T 3077 Alloy Structure Steels
GB/T 3512-2014 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Accelerated Ageing and Heat Resistance Tests - Air-oven Method (ISO 188: 2011, IDT)
GB/T 4549.4-2004 Railway Vehicle Vocabulary - Part 4: Coupler, Draft Gear and Vestibule Diaphragm
GB/T 7759.1-2015 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Compression Set - Part 1: at Ambient or Elevated Temperatures (ISO 815-1: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 7759.2-2014 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Compression Set - Part 2: at Low Temperatures (ISO 815 - 2: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 7762-2014 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Resistance to Ozone Cracking - Static Strain Test
GB/T 9444-2007 Magnetic Particle Testing for Steel Castings (ISO 4986: 1992, TDT)
GB/T 11211-2009 Rubber Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Adhesion to Metal - Two - plate Method (ISO 814: 2007, IDT)
GB/T 11352-2009 Carbon Steel Castings for General Engineering Purpose (ISO 3755: 1991, MOD)
GB/T 12361 General Specification of Steel Die Forgings
GB/T 12362 Steel Die Forgings - Tolerance and Machining Allowance
GB/T 13298 Inspection Methods of Microstructure for Metals
GB/T 13819 Copper and Copper Alloy Castings
GB/T 15822.1-2005 Non-destructive Testing - Magnetic Particle Testing - Part1: General Principles (ISO 9934-1: 2001, IDT)
GB/T 15822.2-2005 Non-destructive Testing - Magnetic Particle Testing - Part 2: Detection Media (ISO 9934-2: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 15822.3-2005 Non-destructive Testing - Magnetic Particle Testing - Part 3: Equipment (ISO 9934-3: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 18818 Inspecting Specification for Railway Wagon Dumper and Bulk Cargo Unfreezing Warehouse
TB/T 456-2008 Couplers and Coupler Yokes for Railway Locomotive and Rolling Stock
TB/T 1025-2000 Technical Conditions for Supply of Hot Coiled Helical Compression Spring for Locomotives and Cars (eqv UIC 822 0: 1974)
TB/T 1465 General Specification of Spheroidal Graphite Castings for Rolling Stock
TB/T 2942 General Technical Specifications of Steel Castings for Rolling Stock
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terminologies and definitions established in GB/T 4549.4-2004 and the following ones apply.
3.1
rating impact velocity
impact velocity of draft gear when it reaches the rated resistance in impact test
3.2
maximum impact velocity
impact velocity of draft gear when it reaches the maximum resistance in impact test
3.3
recoil
after draft gears absorb energy, recoil refers to the energy released without being dissipated. In drop hammer test, it refers to the energy value calculated by multiplying the height difference between the minimum point of hammerhead and the peak point the hammerhead rebounds by the weight of hammer block in the cycle that the hammerhead drops for the first time and rebounds upwards
4 Product Classification
4.1 According to the applicable car types, draft gears are classified into:
a) draft gear for passenger car;
b) draft gear for general freight car;
c) draft gear for heavy-load freight car;
4.2 According to the buffer energy absorbing mode, draft gears are classified into:
a) friction draft gear (including dry friction draft gear and lubricating friction draft gear);
b) rubber draft gear (including thermoplastic elastomer draft gear);
c) resilient rubber draft gear;
d) hydraulic draft gear (including hydraulic pneumatic draft gear);
e) combined draft gear (combination of several energy absorbing modes).
5 Application Conditions
5.1 Ambient temperature: -50 ℃~+50℃; draft gear for general freight car and heavy-load freight car shall also meet the defrost garage conditions specified in GB/T 18818.
5.2 It shall adapt to the environment conditions such as wind, sand, rain, snow, etc.
5.3 Draft gear for passenger car shall be capable of withstanding the flushing of hot water containing acid or alkali or relevant cleanser under a pressure of 800 kPa during the vehicle cleaning.
5.4 Draft gear for passenger car shall adapt to coupling speed not less than 5 km/h; draft gear for freight car shall adapt to coupling speed not less than 7 km/h.
5.5 Particular service requirements may be determined by the Supplier and the Purchaser through negotiation
6 Technical Requirements
6.1 Draft gears shall be manufactured according to this standard and the product drawings which are approved by established procedures.
6.2 The draft gear, together with the fitted follower, shall be adaptable to the installation space of 625mm×330mm×234mm (excluding the draft gear for tight-lock coupler draft gear). The length of draft gear shall be determined in line with the principle of ensuring a pre-compression amount of more than 2mm under the loading condition (the pre-compression amount here is the loading pre-compression amount and is irrelevant to the pre-compression of draft gear itself).
For the draft gear having pre-shortening function, pre-compression is required prior to loading, and the length of draft gear after pre-compression is not larger than 561mm (one piece of follower) or 504mm (two pieces of followers).
6.3 See Table 1 for the main performance of draft gear.
Table 1 Main Performance of Draft Gear
Draft gear type Formal capacity
kJ Rated resistance
kN Rated travel
mm Absorptivity
% Initial pressure
kN Rated impact velocity
km/h
Draft gear for passenger car ≥20 ≤800 ≤73 ≥60 15~80 —
Draft gear for general freight car Axle load: 21t ≥45 ≤2,000 ≤83 ≥80 ≤250 —
≥50 ≤2,270 ≥80
Axle load: >21t ≥80 ≤2,450 ≥80 ≥9
Draft gear for heavy-load freight train ≥80 ≤2,500 ≤83 ≥80 ≤250 ≥10
Note 1: For draft gears assessed by impact velocity, the capacity index in this table is reference value.
Where the capacity of draft gear is assessed by the impact velocity, it may be converted to the reference value with the following empirical Formula:
E=0.75 mv2/8
Where,
E——the capacity of draft gear, kJ;
m——the mass of car at full load, t;
v——the rated impact velocity, m/s.
Note 2: initial pressure testing, which is only applicable to static pressure test, shall not be done in the drop hammer and impact test.
6.4 Draft gears shall have favorable recovery performance.
6.5 For the draft gear having pre-shortening function, its workpieces for pre-compression shall not influence the normal use of draft gear after loading.
6.6 The capacity of rubber draft gear, resilient rubber draft gear and hydraulic draft gear under high temperature test and low temperature test shall not be less than 80% and 60% of that under normal temperature respectively.
6.7 The resilient rubber draft gear and hydraulic draft gear (including the combined draft gear containing such structure) shall have favorable sealing performance and durable performance stability.
6.8 The static resistance of resilient rubber draft gear and hydraulic draft gear shall be:
a) no less than 200 kN for draft gear of passenger car;
b) no less than 1,200 kN for draft gears of general and heavy-duty freight cars.
Under this load, the draft gear shall be free from full compression phenomenon.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Product Classification
5 Application Conditions
6 Technical Requirements
7 Manufacturing Requirements
7.1 Die Forgings
7.2 Castings
7.3 Round Spring
7.4 Ring Spring
7.5 Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomer
7.6 Other Materials and Components
8 Inspection Methods
8.1 Physical and Chemical Inspection
8.2 Compactness Inspection
8.3 Physical Property Inspection of Rubber or Thermoplastic Elastomer
8.4 Drop Hammer Test
8.5 Impact Test
8.6 High and Low Temperature Test
8.7 Static Pressure Test
8.8 Loading Operation Test
9 Inspection Rules
9.1 End-of-manufacturing Inspection
9.2 Type Inspection
10 Marking, Packaging, Transport and Storage
10.1 Marking
10.2 Packaging
10.3 Transport
10.4 Storage
Annex A (Normative) Drop Hammer Test Method
Appendix B (Normative) Impact Test Method
Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces TB/T 1961-2006 Railway Vehicle Draft Gears. The main technical changes with respect to TB/T 1961-2006 (the previous edition) are as follows:
——terms and definitions of draft gears are modified (see Chapter 3; Chapter 3 in Edition 2006);
——relevant contents on draft gears for locomotives are deleted (see Chapters 4~9);
——the basic performance parameters of draft gears are modified (see 6.3; 5.2 in Edition 2006);
——manufacturing requirements are modified as to round spring and rubber parts (see 7.3 and 7.5.1; 7.3 and 7.5.1 in Edition 2006);
——relevant provisions on thermoplastic elastomer are added (see 7.5.3 and 8.3);
——test methods are added as to physical and chemical inspection, compactness testing, physical properties testing for rubber or thermoplastic elastomer (see 8.1~8.3);
——partial contents are modified as to static pressure test and loading operation test (see 8.7 and 8.8; 8.4 and 8.5 in Edition 2006)
This standard is under the jurisdiction of CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co., Ltd.
The previous editions replaced by this standard are as follows: TB/T 1961-l987, and TB/T 1961-2006.
Railway Vehicle Draft Gears
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, product classification, application conditions, technical requirements, manufacturing requirements, inspection methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation and storage of draft gears for railway vehicle.
This standard is applicable to draft gears for railway vehicle.
This standard is not applicable to draft gears for EMU.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 228.1-2010 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1 : Method of Test at Room Temperature (ISO 6892 - 1: 2009, MOD)
GB/T 528-2009 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Tensile Stress - Strain Properties (ISO 37: 2005, IDT)
GB/T 531.1-2008 Rubber Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Indentation Hardness - Part 1: Durometer Method (Shore Hardness) (ISO 7619-1: 2004, IDT)
GB/T 1041-2008 Plastics - Determination of Compressive Properties (ISO 604: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 1222 Spring Steels
GB/T 1239.2-2009 Cold Coiled Helical Springs Technical Specifications - Part 2: Compressions Spring
GB/T l348 Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings (GB/T 1348-2009, ISO 1083: 2004, MOD)
GB/T 1681-2009 Rubber - Determination of Rebound Resilience of Vulcanizes (ISO 4662: 1986, IDT)
GB/T 1682-2014 Rubber, Vulcanized - Determination of Low-temperature Brittleness (Single Test Piece Method)
GB/T 3077 Alloy Structure Steels
GB/T 3512-2014 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Accelerated Ageing and Heat Resistance Tests - Air-oven Method (ISO 188: 2011, IDT)
GB/T 4549.4-2004 Railway Vehicle Vocabulary - Part 4: Coupler, Draft Gear and Vestibule Diaphragm
GB/T 7759.1-2015 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Compression Set - Part 1: at Ambient or Elevated Temperatures (ISO 815-1: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 7759.2-2014 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Compression Set - Part 2: at Low Temperatures (ISO 815 - 2: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 7762-2014 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Resistance to Ozone Cracking - Static Strain Test
GB/T 9444-2007 Magnetic Particle Testing for Steel Castings (ISO 4986: 1992, TDT)
GB/T 11211-2009 Rubber Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Adhesion to Metal - Two - plate Method (ISO 814: 2007, IDT)
GB/T 11352-2009 Carbon Steel Castings for General Engineering Purpose (ISO 3755: 1991, MOD)
GB/T 12361 General Specification of Steel Die Forgings
GB/T 12362 Steel Die Forgings - Tolerance and Machining Allowance
GB/T 13298 Inspection Methods of Microstructure for Metals
GB/T 13819 Copper and Copper Alloy Castings
GB/T 15822.1-2005 Non-destructive Testing - Magnetic Particle Testing - Part1: General Principles (ISO 9934-1: 2001, IDT)
GB/T 15822.2-2005 Non-destructive Testing - Magnetic Particle Testing - Part 2: Detection Media (ISO 9934-2: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 15822.3-2005 Non-destructive Testing - Magnetic Particle Testing - Part 3: Equipment (ISO 9934-3: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 18818 Inspecting Specification for Railway Wagon Dumper and Bulk Cargo Unfreezing Warehouse
TB/T 456-2008 Couplers and Coupler Yokes for Railway Locomotive and Rolling Stock
TB/T 1025-2000 Technical Conditions for Supply of Hot Coiled Helical Compression Spring for Locomotives and Cars (eqv UIC 822 0: 1974)
TB/T 1465 General Specification of Spheroidal Graphite Castings for Rolling Stock
TB/T 2942 General Technical Specifications of Steel Castings for Rolling Stock
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terminologies and definitions established in GB/T 4549.4-2004 and the following ones apply.
3.1
rating impact velocity
impact velocity of draft gear when it reaches the rated resistance in impact test
3.2
maximum impact velocity
impact velocity of draft gear when it reaches the maximum resistance in impact test
3.3
recoil
after draft gears absorb energy, recoil refers to the energy released without being dissipated. In drop hammer test, it refers to the energy value calculated by multiplying the height difference between the minimum point of hammerhead and the peak point the hammerhead rebounds by the weight of hammer block in the cycle that the hammerhead drops for the first time and rebounds upwards
4 Product Classification
4.1 According to the applicable car types, draft gears are classified into:
a) draft gear for passenger car;
b) draft gear for general freight car;
c) draft gear for heavy-load freight car;
4.2 According to the buffer energy absorbing mode, draft gears are classified into:
a) friction draft gear (including dry friction draft gear and lubricating friction draft gear);
b) rubber draft gear (including thermoplastic elastomer draft gear);
c) resilient rubber draft gear;
d) hydraulic draft gear (including hydraulic pneumatic draft gear);
e) combined draft gear (combination of several energy absorbing modes).
5 Application Conditions
5.1 Ambient temperature: -50 ℃~+50℃; draft gear for general freight car and heavy-load freight car shall also meet the defrost garage conditions specified in GB/T 18818.
5.2 It shall adapt to the environment conditions such as wind, sand, rain, snow, etc.
5.3 Draft gear for passenger car shall be capable of withstanding the flushing of hot water containing acid or alkali or relevant cleanser under a pressure of 800 kPa during the vehicle cleaning.
5.4 Draft gear for passenger car shall adapt to coupling speed not less than 5 km/h; draft gear for freight car shall adapt to coupling speed not less than 7 km/h.
5.5 Particular service requirements may be determined by the Supplier and the Purchaser through negotiation
6 Technical Requirements
6.1 Draft gears shall be manufactured according to this standard and the product drawings which are approved by established procedures.
6.2 The draft gear, together with the fitted follower, shall be adaptable to the installation space of 625mm×330mm×234mm (excluding the draft gear for tight-lock coupler draft gear). The length of draft gear shall be determined in line with the principle of ensuring a pre-compression amount of more than 2mm under the loading condition (the pre-compression amount here is the loading pre-compression amount and is irrelevant to the pre-compression of draft gear itself).
For the draft gear having pre-shortening function, pre-compression is required prior to loading, and the length of draft gear after pre-compression is not larger than 561mm (one piece of follower) or 504mm (two pieces of followers).
6.3 See Table 1 for the main performance of draft gear.
Table 1 Main Performance of Draft Gear
Draft gear type Formal capacity
kJ Rated resistance
kN Rated travel
mm Absorptivity
% Initial pressure
kN Rated impact velocity
km/h
Draft gear for passenger car ≥20 ≤800 ≤73 ≥60 15~80 —
Draft gear for general freight car Axle load: 21t ≥45 ≤2,000 ≤83 ≥80 ≤250 —
≥50 ≤2,270 ≥80
Axle load: >21t ≥80 ≤2,450 ≥80 ≥9
Draft gear for heavy-load freight train ≥80 ≤2,500 ≤83 ≥80 ≤250 ≥10
Note 1: For draft gears assessed by impact velocity, the capacity index in this table is reference value.
Where the capacity of draft gear is assessed by the impact velocity, it may be converted to the reference value with the following empirical Formula:
E=0.75 mv2/8
Where,
E——the capacity of draft gear, kJ;
m——the mass of car at full load, t;
v——the rated impact velocity, m/s.
Note 2: initial pressure testing, which is only applicable to static pressure test, shall not be done in the drop hammer and impact test.
6.4 Draft gears shall have favorable recovery performance.
6.5 For the draft gear having pre-shortening function, its workpieces for pre-compression shall not influence the normal use of draft gear after loading.
6.6 The capacity of rubber draft gear, resilient rubber draft gear and hydraulic draft gear under high temperature test and low temperature test shall not be less than 80% and 60% of that under normal temperature respectively.
6.7 The resilient rubber draft gear and hydraulic draft gear (including the combined draft gear containing such structure) shall have favorable sealing performance and durable performance stability.
6.8 The static resistance of resilient rubber draft gear and hydraulic draft gear shall be:
a) no less than 200 kN for draft gear of passenger car;
b) no less than 1,200 kN for draft gears of general and heavy-duty freight cars.
Under this load, the draft gear shall be free from full compression phenomenon.
Contents of TB/T 1961-2016
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Product Classification
5 Application Conditions
6 Technical Requirements
7 Manufacturing Requirements
7.1 Die Forgings
7.2 Castings
7.3 Round Spring
7.4 Ring Spring
7.5 Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomer
7.6 Other Materials and Components
8 Inspection Methods
8.1 Physical and Chemical Inspection
8.2 Compactness Inspection
8.3 Physical Property Inspection of Rubber or Thermoplastic Elastomer
8.4 Drop Hammer Test
8.5 Impact Test
8.6 High and Low Temperature Test
8.7 Static Pressure Test
8.8 Loading Operation Test
9 Inspection Rules
9.1 End-of-manufacturing Inspection
9.2 Type Inspection
10 Marking, Packaging, Transport and Storage
10.1 Marking
10.2 Packaging
10.3 Transport
10.4 Storage
Annex A (Normative) Drop Hammer Test Method
Appendix B (Normative) Impact Test Method
