1 Scope
This part of GB/T 228 specifies the principle, definition, symbols, explanation, test piece and dimensional measurement, testing equipment, testing requirements, performance determination, the numerical rounding of determination results and testing report of the method for tensile testing of metallic materials.
This Part applies the determination of tensile performance of metallic materials at room temperature.
Note: Annex A indicates complementary recommendations for computer controlled testing machines.
2 Normative References
The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For the undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including all the amendments) applies.
GB/T 2975 Steel and Steel Products - Location and Preparation of Samples and Test Piece for mechanical testing (GB/T 2975-1998, eqv ISO 377: 1997)
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values
GB/T 10623 Metallic material - Mechanical testing - Vocabulary (GB/T 10623-2008, ISO 23718:2007, MOD)
GB/T 12160 Calibration of Extensometers Used in Uniaxial Testing (GB/T 12160-2002, ISO 9513: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 16825 Verification of Static Uniaxial Testing Machines - Part 1: Tension/ Compression Testing Machines -Verification and Calibration of the Force-measuring System (GB/T 16825.1-2008, ISO 7500-1: 2004 IDT)
GB/T 17600.1 Steel-Conversion of Elongation Values - Part 1: Carbon and Low Alloy Steels (GB/T 17600.1-1998, eqv ISO 2566-1: 1984)
GB/T 22066 Evaluation for Computerized Data Acquisition Systems for Used in Static Uniaxial Testing Machines
3 Terms and Definitions.
The following terms and definitions as well as those in GB/T 10623 are applicable to this Part.
3.1 Gauge length
L
The length of the circular column or prism part of the sample in measurement of the elongation.
3.1.1 Original gauge length
Lo
Length between gauge length marks on the piece measured at room temperature before the exertion of forces
3.1.2 Final, gauge length after fracture
Lu
Length between gauge length marks on the test piece measured after rupture, at room temperature, the two pieces having been carefully fitted back together so that their axes lie in a straight line.
3.2 Parallel length
Lc
Length of the parallel reduced section of the test piece.
Note: The concept of parallel length is replaced by the concept of distance between grips for unmachined test pieces.
3.3 Elongation
Increase in the original gauge length at any moment during the test
3 .4 Percentage elongation
Elongation expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length [1].
3.4.1 Percentage of permanent elongation
Increase in the original gauge length Lo of a test piece after removal of a specified stress, expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length.
3.4.2 Percentage elongation after fracture
A
Permanent elongation of the gauge length after fracture (Lu-Lo) expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (Lo) [1].
Foreword I
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions.
4 Terms and Symbols
6 Test Piece
7 Determination of Original Cross-sectional Area
8 Marking the Original Gauge Length
9 Accuracy of Testing Apparatus
10 Conditions of Testing
11 Determination of the Upper Yield Strength
12 Determination of the Lower Yield Strength
13 Determination of Proof Strength, Plastic Extension
14 Determination of Proof Strength, Total Extension
15 Method of Verification of Permanent Set Strength
16 Determination of the Percentage Yield Point Extension
17 Determination of the Percentage Plastic Extension at Maximum Force
18 Determination of the Percentage Total Extension at Maximum Force
19 Determination of the Percentage Total Extension at Fracture
20 Determination of Percentage Elongation After Fracture
21 Determination of Percentage Reduction of Area
22 Rounding of Numerical Values of Testing Results
23 Test Report
24 Measurement Uncertainty
Annex A (Informative) Recommendations Concerning the Use of Computer-controlled Tensile Testing Machines
Annex B (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to Be Used for Thin Products: Sheets, Strips and Flats Between 0.1mm and 3mm Thick
Annex C (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to Be Used for Wire, Bars and Sections with a Diameter or Thickness of Less Than 4mm
Annex D (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to Be Used for Sheets and Flats of Thickness Equal to or Greater than 3mm, and Wire, Bars and Sections of Diameter or Thickness Equal to or Greater Than 4mm
Annex E (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to Be Used for Tubes
Annex F (Informative) Estimation of the Crosshead Separation Rate in Consideration of the Stiffness (or Compliance) of the Testing Machine
Annex G (Informative) Measuring the Percentage Elongation after Fracture If the Specified Value Is Less Than 5%
Annex H (Informative) Measurement of Percentage Elongation after Fracture Based on Displacement Method
Annex I (Informative) Determination of the Percentage Plastic Elongation Without Necking, Awn, for Long Products Such as Bars, Wire and Rods
Appendix J (Normative) Determination for Proof Strength of Plastic Extension (Rp) under Successive Approximation Method
Appendix K (Informative) Examples for Measurement of Permanent Set Strength (Rr0.2) under Force Removing Method
Appendix L (Informative) Assessment for the Uncertainty of Measuring Result of Tension Test
Appendix M (Informative) Precision of Tension Test-According to Results of Interlaboratory Tests
Bibliography
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 228 specifies the principle, definition, symbols, explanation, test piece and dimensional measurement, testing equipment, testing requirements, performance determination, the numerical rounding of determination results and testing report of the method for tensile testing of metallic materials.
This Part applies the determination of tensile performance of metallic materials at room temperature.
Note: Annex A indicates complementary recommendations for computer controlled testing machines.
2 Normative References
The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For the undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including all the amendments) applies.
GB/T 2975 Steel and Steel Products - Location and Preparation of Samples and Test Piece for mechanical testing (GB/T 2975-1998, eqv ISO 377: 1997)
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values
GB/T 10623 Metallic material - Mechanical testing - Vocabulary (GB/T 10623-2008, ISO 23718:2007, MOD)
GB/T 12160 Calibration of Extensometers Used in Uniaxial Testing (GB/T 12160-2002, ISO 9513: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 16825 Verification of Static Uniaxial Testing Machines - Part 1: Tension/ Compression Testing Machines -Verification and Calibration of the Force-measuring System (GB/T 16825.1-2008, ISO 7500-1: 2004 IDT)
GB/T 17600.1 Steel-Conversion of Elongation Values - Part 1: Carbon and Low Alloy Steels (GB/T 17600.1-1998, eqv ISO 2566-1: 1984)
GB/T 22066 Evaluation for Computerized Data Acquisition Systems for Used in Static Uniaxial Testing Machines
3 Terms and Definitions.
The following terms and definitions as well as those in GB/T 10623 are applicable to this Part.
3.1 Gauge length
L
The length of the circular column or prism part of the sample in measurement of the elongation.
3.1.1 Original gauge length
Lo
Length between gauge length marks on the piece measured at room temperature before the exertion of forces
3.1.2 Final, gauge length after fracture
Lu
Length between gauge length marks on the test piece measured after rupture, at room temperature, the two pieces having been carefully fitted back together so that their axes lie in a straight line.
3.2 Parallel length
Lc
Length of the parallel reduced section of the test piece.
Note: The concept of parallel length is replaced by the concept of distance between grips for unmachined test pieces.
3.3 Elongation
Increase in the original gauge length at any moment during the test
3 .4 Percentage elongation
Elongation expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length [1].
3.4.1 Percentage of permanent elongation
Increase in the original gauge length Lo of a test piece after removal of a specified stress, expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length.
3.4.2 Percentage elongation after fracture
A
Permanent elongation of the gauge length after fracture (Lu-Lo) expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (Lo) [1].
Contents of GB/T 228.1-2010
Foreword I
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions.
4 Terms and Symbols
6 Test Piece
7 Determination of Original Cross-sectional Area
8 Marking the Original Gauge Length
9 Accuracy of Testing Apparatus
10 Conditions of Testing
11 Determination of the Upper Yield Strength
12 Determination of the Lower Yield Strength
13 Determination of Proof Strength, Plastic Extension
14 Determination of Proof Strength, Total Extension
15 Method of Verification of Permanent Set Strength
16 Determination of the Percentage Yield Point Extension
17 Determination of the Percentage Plastic Extension at Maximum Force
18 Determination of the Percentage Total Extension at Maximum Force
19 Determination of the Percentage Total Extension at Fracture
20 Determination of Percentage Elongation After Fracture
21 Determination of Percentage Reduction of Area
22 Rounding of Numerical Values of Testing Results
23 Test Report
24 Measurement Uncertainty
Annex A (Informative) Recommendations Concerning the Use of Computer-controlled Tensile Testing Machines
Annex B (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to Be Used for Thin Products: Sheets, Strips and Flats Between 0.1mm and 3mm Thick
Annex C (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to Be Used for Wire, Bars and Sections with a Diameter or Thickness of Less Than 4mm
Annex D (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to Be Used for Sheets and Flats of Thickness Equal to or Greater than 3mm, and Wire, Bars and Sections of Diameter or Thickness Equal to or Greater Than 4mm
Annex E (Normative) Types of Test Pieces to Be Used for Tubes
Annex F (Informative) Estimation of the Crosshead Separation Rate in Consideration of the Stiffness (or Compliance) of the Testing Machine
Annex G (Informative) Measuring the Percentage Elongation after Fracture If the Specified Value Is Less Than 5%
Annex H (Informative) Measurement of Percentage Elongation after Fracture Based on Displacement Method
Annex I (Informative) Determination of the Percentage Plastic Elongation Without Necking, Awn, for Long Products Such as Bars, Wire and Rods
Appendix J (Normative) Determination for Proof Strength of Plastic Extension (Rp) under Successive Approximation Method
Appendix K (Informative) Examples for Measurement of Permanent Set Strength (Rr0.2) under Force Removing Method
Appendix L (Informative) Assessment for the Uncertainty of Measuring Result of Tension Test
Appendix M (Informative) Precision of Tension Test-According to Results of Interlaboratory Tests
Bibliography
